SPC在键合工艺中的应用

键合工艺是集成电路中芯片功能引出到管壳引脚的桥梁,键合质量的好坏直接影响电路的功能和可靠性,所以键合工艺处在可控状态下,对于保证键合质量尤为重要.SPC是一种先进的控制方式,应用于键合工艺,解决了传统键合控制的弊端,Cpk以数据形式直接反应键合质量,均值极差图预测键合工艺是否存在问题,并及时纠正解决,使键合工艺处在时时可控状态下.     

空间多体机械系统耦合动力学的键合图法

为提高多能域耦合空间多体系统动力学分析的效率及可靠性,提出了键合图法．从能量守恒的基本原理出发,讨论了键合图中的多通口元件MTF所具有的特性．以此为基础阐述了建立空间多体机械系统键合图模型的一般方法及其动力学原理．将运动副约束反力视做未知势源加在系统键合图模型相应的0-结处,有效地解决了微分因果关系及非线性结型结构所带来的十分困难的代数问题,推导出便于计算机自动生成的系统状态方程及运动副约束反力方程的统一公式,实现了计算机自动建模与仿真．实际算例表明了所述方法的有效性．     

新型解析冗余关系法在传感器故障诊断中的应用

介绍了多容水箱系统所有可能出现的故障类型,并分析了多容水箱系统的结构与特点。利用基于键合图模型的新型解析冗余关系（ARR）方法对多容系统中传感器故障进行了研究。根据键合图理论给出了多容水箱系统键合图模型,通过在系统键合图中加入观测信号和虚拟传感器的方法建立系统的诊断键合,根据诊断键合图模型得到系统的ARR。通过分析诊断键合图的因果关系构建系统的故障特征矩阵。利用20-sim键合图仿真软件对各类故障进行仿真分析,验证了基于键合图模型的新型ARR方法在传感器故障检测与隔离方面的可行性。     

基于键合图的电力电子电路建模与仿真

随着DC-DC变换器的实际应用领域的不断扩大,人们对变换器系统的稳定性提出了更高的要求,因此,精确而有效的建模和仿真对于变换器的发展有着重大的意义。本文以电力电子Buck电路为例,提出混合键合图模型和键合图平均模型两种模型,这两种模型都是在键合图建模理论的基础上,根据电路中开关控制方式的不同而得到的。首先经过分析得到Buck电路的两种键合图模型,并在GME(Generic Modeling Environment)软件中搭建模型,然后通过该软件将它转换为Matlab框图模型并仿真,最后将仿真结果与实际电路模型的输出波形进行对比分析,验证了两种模型的可行性和正确性。     

基于多修改点胚胎键合图的模拟电路自动设计*

采用键合图表示电路系统,研究了基于两种不同胚胎键合图的模拟电路进化设计方法。该方法利用遗传编程开放式拓扑搜索的特点,模拟一组特征值,并用键合图和遗传编程对该组初始胚胎进行进化,总结了两种结构对进化设计结果的影响,得出由三个可修改点胚胎进化的电路优于由一个可修改点胚胎进化的电路,三个可修改点胚胎进化具有更平衡的结构。最后进化设计了一个模拟带阻滤波器,进一步证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

进口塑封集成电路键合点分层现象的识别

军用电子设备中进口塑封集成电路得到普遍的使用.但因为采购渠道的限制使生产的产品质量时好时坏,参差不齐,那么甄别其质量的好坏在产品使用过程中很重要.在进行破坏性物理分析时可以通过X射线、金相、扫描电镜光学扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,在销轴上有一层连接点,分为上、下两层.此外,我们还分别用电子能谱分析了键合点和键合丝的组成...     

微机控制手持台中使用的新技术—大规模集成电路频率合成技术在进口机中的

本文介绍两种集成电路锁相环频率合成器，一种是日本ＩＣＯＭ公司生产的，在公安移动通信网（如ＩＣ－Ｈ６等系列手持台）中采用的３片中规模单模集成电路，另一种是日本八重洲公司生产的，在移动通信设备（如ＦＴＣ－２２０５等系列手持台）中采用的大规模双模集成电路锁相环，这两种集成电路是引进的移动通信设备（如车载台，手持台，大哥大，二哥大等）中应用最广最先进的电路。     

Voronoi图算法及其在混合电路的衬底耦合研究中的应用

提出了对版图进行划分的Ｖｏｒｏｎｏｉ图的算法：将Ｖｏｒｏｎｏｉ图进行变换,通过扫描技术,从下到上对每个点与交点进行处理,从而形成变换后的Ｖｏｒｏｎｏｉ图,最后将此图转换为Ｖｏｒｏｎｏｉ图．在计算中,针对集成电路的物理特性,改进了阱区附近的Ｖ图的生成以及多个水平位置点和兼并问题．算法时间复杂度为Ｏ（ｎｌｏｇｎ）,空间复杂度为Ｏ（ｎ）．     

矿用电动轮车交流传动系统的建模与仿真

矿用电动轮自卸车的交流传动系统是一个复杂的多能域系统,主要由功率变换器和电机组成。采用可调变换器附加导通电阻Ron的方式建立功率变化器开关器件的键合图模型,并以其为基本部件建立功率变换器的键合图模型。根据其建立的模型在所有开关模式下具有同样的因果关系,不需要因为系统模式的变化而重新指派计算因果关系。根据d-q坐标系下电机的等效电路图建立电机的键合图模型,并由键合图模型推导出电机的状态方程。采用MTLAB/Simulink和20-sim软件对功率变换器和电机的键合图模型分别进行仿真,实验结果验证了模型的正确性,说明键合图理论能够用于复杂多能域系统的统一建模。     

采用线阴极的快速阳极键合方法

在平板阴极和点阴极方式做阳极键合时,时间-电流特性、键合速度、结合界面质量等都有所不同。通过建立力学和电学模型,分析了不同阴极形状对阳极键合的时间、强度以及结合界面特性的影响。根据模型分析,采取了线阴极工作方式做阳极键合,样品的键合区扩散时间只需要84s。结合界面无空洞,键合强度为16.7MPa。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。