一种利用对象级条件随机场的道路提取方法

针对传统的马尔科夫随机场不能利用观察图像中的上下文信息、条件随机场虽然能够同时利用两种上下文信息,但基于像素的条件随机场模型抗噪能力差、计算量大和效率低的问题,该文结合条件随机场和基于对象的图像分析方法,提出一种新的对象级条件随机场,并用于遥感图像道路的提取。该方法利用各个对象构建的邻接关系,建立基于对象的条件随机场模型;将道路提取问题归结为一个二类分类问题,并采用三类共29维特征进行模型训练和推断。实验结果表明:相比基于像素的条件随机场模型,本文方法提取精度更高,训练和推断的时间明显减少。     

基于融合分层条件随机场的道路分割模型

为了在道路检测中结合图像的多尺度特征以及点云的空间结构特征,使检测算法能有效地排除道路场景中的阴影、光线等干扰,本文提出一种基于融合分层条件随机场的图像和点云融合的道路分割模型．首先,利用Meanshift算法产生多个尺度的超像素分割,建立基于图像的多尺度分层条件随机场．将点云数据投影到图像平面,再建立基于点云的多尺度分层条件随机场．在条件随机场的像素层和点云层之间建立连接,构造多尺度的融合模型．然后,针对多尺度融合模型中图像层的每一层和点云层的每一层,分别提取对应尺度的图像特征或点云特征．每一层用梯度提升树算法根据提取的特征训练1个分类器,利用每一层的分类器得到对应层的数据项代价．最后,使用α扩张算法对融合模型进行联合优化求解．在KITTI Road数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的道路检测性能．     

RGB-D动态序列的人脸自然表情识别

区别于以二维静态图像为对象的传统人脸表情识别,提出一种针对RGB-D动态图像序列分析的人脸自然表情自动识别算法.首先针对预处理后的RGB-D表情图像序列提取四维时空纹理特征作为局部动态特征;再利用慢特征分析自动检测表情序列的峰值图像,并提取脸部三维几何模型为全局静态特征;最后结合动、静态特征,经主成分分析降维后输入条件随机场模型完成特征训练和表情识别.经由BU-4DFE人脸表情库验证表明,该算法不但比传统静态表情识别算法和其他动态算法具有优越性,而且能够针对自然展现的表情实现自动识别,为今后算法的实用化提供了可能.     

基于LLC与加权SPM的车辆品牌型号识别

针对传统车辆识别算法鲁棒性及实时性不强的问题,结合局部线性约束编码(LLC)和加权空间金字塔匹配(SPM)模型,提出一种车辆品牌型号精细识别算法。提取图像方向梯度直方图特征,通过LLC对图像特征进行编码映射,得到具有语义信息的图像表达向量,以提高识别的准确率。利用加权SPM模型将空间位置信息引入图像表达向量中,并将每个图像的最终表达送入线性支持向量机分类器进行训练与识别。使用交通监控摄像头在不同天气和光照条件下采集150种车辆类型共56 827张图像进行实验,结果表明,该算法可有效改善识别效果,提高识别速度。     

基于多特征融合的交通标志识别算法

综合考虑识别率、时间复杂度以及鲁棒性,提出一种边缘、纹理、颜色多特征融合和支持向量机（SVM）的交通标志识别算法。通过提取能够描述交通标志图像边缘信息的方向梯度直方图（HOG）特征并进行统计平均,与能够表示标志图像内部纹理信息的局部二值模式（LBP）特征融合得到降维后的HOG-maxLBP特征,再级联交通标志的颜色特征作为最终的特征向量,最后利用SVM进行交通标志训练和分类。实验结果表明,该算法不仅提高了交通标志的识别率,而且降低了时间复杂度,增强了系统鲁棒性。     

基于深度学习的无参考立体图像质量评价

立体图像质量评价是评价立体视频系统性能的有效途径,而如何结合人类的视觉特性对立体图像质量进行评价是目前的研究难点.为此提出一种基于深度学习的无参考立体图像质量评价方法,分为训练和测试2个阶段.在训练阶段,首先对左右图像分别进行Gabor滤波,获取不同尺度和方向的统计特征作为单目特性;然后根据人眼视觉系统的双目竞争特性,将左右图像融合得到独眼图,提取其方向梯度直方图作为双目特征;最后通过深度信念网络训练得到特征和主观评价值之间的回归模型.在测试阶段,根据已建立的回归模型,预测得到左右图像质量并联合得到立体图像质量.实验结果表明,文中方法在对称和非对称立体图像数据库都取得了较好的效果,与人类的主观感知保持良好的一致性.     

基于方向边缘幅值的尺度块LBP人脸识别

针对方向边缘幅值模式（POEM）忽略了块与块之间的像素问题,提出一种基于方向边缘幅值的尺度块LBP人脸识别方法。该方法首先用梯度算子提取出人脸的方向图和幅值图,将具有相同量化方向上的幅值累加,然后利用尺度块LBP算子提取每幅累加幅值图的分块直方图特征,并将所有直方图特征串联起来作为最终的识别特征,最后采用WPCA降维方法提高算法的有效性。实验结果表明,该算法的鲁棒性高于其他对比算法,运用降维处理后能以较低的特征维数达到良好的识别性能。     

基于加权正交约束非负矩阵分解的车脸识别算法

面对多类别且标注数量有限的样本,为进一步提高车脸图像的识别准确性,提出一种基于改进非负矩阵分解（NMF）的车脸识别算法。首先,采用方向梯度直方图（HOG）算子提取车脸图像局部区域形状特征,并将其作为车脸图像的初始特征;而后,提出具有多权重、正交性、稀疏性约束的NMF模型,并基于该模型获得了描述车脸图像中关键区域的特征基,实现了特征的降维;最后,利用离散余弦距离计算特征间的相似性,进而对车脸图像是否匹配作出判断。实验结果表明,对于建立的车脸图像数据集,提出的识别算法能够取得较好的识别效果,准确率可达到97.56%,且满足实时性要求。     

基于三维时空直方图特征的人体行为识别

提出一种基于三维时空直方图特征的人体行为识别方法。通过引入时间维度构建三维时空概念,探索时空中梯度方向信息,由梯度方向经过空间中不同的区域形成梯度直方图,获取时空特征矩阵,结合K均值聚类提取时空直方图特征来描述人体行为;采用图像显著性检测算法,获取人体行为轮廓,从轮廓图中提取二维轮廓特征;将获得的特征输入支持向量机进行训练以及人体行为识别。实验结果表明,相比其它特征描述的方法,该方案对人体行为的特征描述更丰富,识别准确率更高。     

基于形状特征及纹理特征的中药材检索方法

为有效提取中药材图像的特征,提高中药材图像分类准确率并提升检索性能,对中药材图像的梯度方向直方图形状特征和局部二元模式纹理特征进行研究,对2种特征进行维数改进,提出一种基于形状特征和纹理特征的中药材检索方法。使用改进的图像梯度方向直方图和分块局部二元模式进行形状及纹理的特征提取;对提取得到的特征向量进行线性组合;采用一对一方式构造多分类器,使用支持向量机进行分类检索。实验结果表明,组合降维特征提取算法能在中药材图像数据集中取得较好的识别效果。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate