一种新的树型可重构机器人

本文提出一种新的具有树型结构的可重构机器人模型.首先研究了这种树型可重构机器人的模型及结构变化.接着研究了树型机器人的结构表征及运动学、动力学关系,这是研究树型可重构机器人的基础.然后研究了树型可重构机器人结构变化的表征,给出了一个结构变化阵和一个辅助的结构变化阵来表征其结构变化.最后建立了树型可重构机器人的运动学和动力学方程.     

自重构自修复机器人的研究

比较可重构机器人与自重构自修复机器人的特点,阐述了自重构自修复机器人的研究现状、任务、意义及应用前景.     

模块化可重构机器人动力学研究进展

模块化可重构机器人由于其构型多变,运动形式丰富等特点,可以在非结构化环境或未知环境中执行任务,在最近几年迅速成为机器人研究领域的前沿和热点. 模块化可重构机器人在军事、医疗、教育等众多工程领域具有广泛的应用前景,其典型代表包括仿生多足模块化机器人、模块化可重构机械臂、晶格式模块化机器人等. 模块化可重构机器人丰富的构型设计、多样的连接特征、不断拓展的应用范围,给动力学建模与控制带来了很多挑战和机遇. 本文首先阐述了模块化可重构机器人的研究背景和意义,并概述了其构型分类与设计、构型描述与运动学建模方法.随后,本文系统回顾了模块化可重构机器人动力学研究中相关问题的最新进展,包括：(1)系统整体动力学建模;(2)结合面以及对接机构动力学建模;(3)基于动力学模型的控制方法. 本文最后提出了模块化可重构机器人动力学研究中若干值得关注的问题.     

基于机器人的可重构装配系统

本文分析了市场全球化给企业带来的挑战和机遇 ,提出了基于机器人的可重构装配系统 .在分析国外在可重构制造领域的研究状况的基础上 ,提出了基于机器人可重构装配系统的设计内容和方法 ,并提出了可重构装配系统今后需研究的方向     

模块化机器人拓扑重构规划研究

模块化可重构机器人由若干个相同的机器人模块组合装配而成,能够重构成不同的几何形态和结构,从而适应不同的作业任务要求。本论文主要对树状拓扑结构的模块化机器人的重构规划问题进行了研究,定义了构型重构的基本概念,提出了分支重构规划算法。这类模块化可重构机器人可以用树状拓扑结构图来描述。机器人的拓扑结构从自由树转化为有根树,然后分解为若干个分支结构,并按一定顺序排列,通过对各个分支结构的逐步比较和操作,完成重构过程。最后选定模块数目,进行了重构规划过程的仿真计算。结果表明,文中所述算法对于树状拓扑结构的模块化机器人的重构规划问题是有效的。     

可重构模块化机器人现状和发展

由于市场全球化的竞争,机器人的应用范围要求越来越广,而每种机器人的构形仅能 适应一定的有限范围,因此机器人的柔性不能满足市场变化的要求,解决这一问题的方法就 是开发可重构机器人系统．本文介绍了可重构机器人的发展状况,分析了可重构机器人的研 究内容和发展方向．     

机器人系统的操作能力与树型可重构的机器人研究

本文从机器人关节力矩和末端夹力的受限情况出发，提出了一个操作能力的概念，研究了单机器人和多机器人系统的操作能力，以此为依据，进一步讨论了作者提出的树型可重构机器人，这种机器人可以通过变化自身结构来改变其操作能力，以适应任务的变化，通过一个仿真实例说明了这种树型可重构机器人的有效性。     

独立操作型可重构机器人群体构形表达和重构优化

独立操作型可重构机器人的单个模块具备独立运动、操作和采样能力,顺应从结构环境中定点作业向非结构环境中自主作业的发展要求,能够更好地应用到环境复杂、危险性高的场合.现有的构形研究主要针对依赖运动型、独立运动型可重构机器人,解决独立操作型可重构机器人构形问题时具有局限性.针对可重构机器人重构目的,提出矢量构形,将构形研究内容扩展到拓扑结构、运动趋势方向和各模块的姿态方位及连接关系,提出模块状态向量和构形状态矩阵实现该类可重构机器人群体构形的表达,对应的变换运算和操作可以表达、触发模块行为运动和构形重构,提出以工作负荷为优化目标的构形组合重构优化方法、以姿态方位工作负荷和连接工作负荷的组合为优化目标的构形变换重构优化方法,通过重构优化获得模块在构形重构中状态对应变换关系,作为构形重构规划和控制的基础.     

可重构模块化机器人研究

可重构模块化机器人是机器人学的一个新的发展方向,其研究的核心和基础问题是可重构机器人的模块设计以及模块组合的运动规划。设计了一种新型可重构模块化机器人,该机器人具有独特的平面连接机构,实现了结构、驱动、运动和功能的模块化,能够根据需要重新构形,完成实时任务。分别介绍了模块单元的机械结构设计、连接机构以及基于CAN总线的控制系统结构。构建了基于OpenGL技术和VC++开发平台的机器人仿真实验系统,仿真机器人构形和运动,验证了模块设计的正确性和整体运动构形规划方法的有效性。     

远程控制系统的自重构探讨

本文研究在远程控制环境下,利用自重构机器人的可重构控制系统的自重构设计。笔者分别从远程控制系统的自重构结构、可重构系统设计思路、可重构控制律、可重构控制系统的软硬件设计等方面探讨自重构设计。     

Center-configuration selection technique for the reconfigurable modular robot

The reconfigurable modular robot has an enormous amount of configurations to adapt to various environments and tasks. It greatly increases the complexity of configuration research in that the possible configuration number of the reconfigurable modular robot grows exponentially with the increase of module number. Being the initial configuration or the basic configuration of the reconfigurable robot, the center-configuration plays a crucial role in system’s actual applications. In this paper, a novel center-configuration selection technique has been proposed for reconfigurable modular robots. Based on the similarities between configurations’ transformation and graph theory, configuration network has been applied in the modeling and analyzing of these configurations. Configuration adjacency matrix, reconfirmation cost matrix, and center-configuration coefficient have been defined for the configuration network correspondingly. Being similar to the center-location problem, the center configuration has been selected according to the largest center-configuration coefficient. As an example of the reconfigurable robotic system, AMOEBA-I, a three-module reconfigurable robot with nine configurations which was developed in Shenyang Institute of Automation (SIA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has been introduced briefly. According to the numerical simulation result, the center-configuration coefficients for these nine configurations have been calculated and compared to validate this technique. Lastly, a center-configuration selection example is provided with consideration of the adjacent configurations. The center-configuration selection technique proposed in this paper is also available to other reconfigurable modular robots. Supported in part by the National High-Technology 863 Program (Grant No. 2001AA422360), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Advanced Manufacturing Technology R&D Base Fund (Grant Nos. A050104 and F050108), and the GUCAS-BHP Billiton Scholarship     

Collision-free motion planning of dual-arm reconfigurable robots

Dual-arm reconfigurable robot is a new type of robot. It can adapt to different tasks by changing its different end-effector modules which have standard connectors. Especially, in fast and flexible assembly, it is very important to research the collision-free planning of dual-arm reconfigurable robots. It is to find a continuous, collision-free path in an environment containing obstacles. A new approach to the real-time collision-free motion planning of dual-arm reconfigurable robots is used in the paper. This method is based on configuration space (C-Space). The method of configuration space and the concepts reachable manifold and contact manifold are successfully applied to the collision-free motion planning of dual-arm robot. The complexity of dual-arm robots’ collision-free planning will reduce to a search in a dispersed C-Space. With this algorithm, a real-time optimum path is found. And when the start point and the end point of the dual-arm robot are specified, the algorithm will successfully get the collision-free path real time. A verification of this algorithm is made in the dual-arm horizontal articulated robot SCARATES, and the simulation and experiment ascertain that the algorithm is feasible and effective.     

Rapid response manufacturing through a rapidly reconfigurable robotic workcell

This article describes the development of a component-based technology robot workcell that can be rapidly configured to perform a specific manufacturing task. The workcell is conceived with standard and inter-operable components including actuator modules, rigid link connectors and tools that can be assembled into robots with arbitrary geometry and degrees of freedom. The reconfigurable “plug-and-play” robot kinematic and dynamic modeling algorithms are developed. These algorithms are the basis for the control and simulation of reconfigurable robots. The concept of robot configuration optimization is introduced for the effective use of the rapidly reconfigurable robots. Control and communications of the workcell components are facilitated by a workcell-wide TCP/IP network and device-level CAN-bus networks. An object-oriented simulation and visualization software for the reconfigurable robot is developed based on Windows NT. Prototypes of the robot workcells configured to perform the light-machining task and the positioning task are constructed and demonstrated.     

Kinematic Design of Modular Reconfigurable In-Parallel Robots

This paper describes the kinematic design issues of a modular reconfigurable parallel robot. Two types of robot modules, the fixed-dimension joint modules and the variable dimension link modules that can be custom-designed rapidly, are used to facilitate the complex design effort. Module selection and robot configuration enumeration are discussed. The kinematic analysis of modular parallel robots is based on a local frame representation of the Product-Of-Exponentials (POE) formula. Forward displacement analysis algorithms and a workspace visualization scheme are presented for a class of three-legged modular parallel robots. Two three-legged reconfigurable parallel robot configurations are actually built according to the proposed design procedure.     

A Modularized Personal Robot DRP I: Design and Implementation

In this paper, we investigate comprehensive issues of modularized robot systems and present architecture for effective development of personal robots. The proposed architecture includes the interface and interaction methodology of the hardware modules and the software among the modules. Based on the architecture, we present a fully modularized personal robot dynamically reconfigurable personal robot I. Its hardware modules are easily added to or removed from the original system, and also the distributed software functions of the modules are rearrangeable accordingly. We focus on how to effectively build up the robot, and discuss the dynamically reconfigurable features of it for evaluating the proposed idea and approach.     

A Reconfigurable Robot With Lockable Cylindrical Joints

This paper presents a new conceptual design for reconfigurable robots. Unlike conventional reconfigurable robots, our design does not achieve reconfigurability by utilizing modular joints. Rather, the robot is equipped with passive joints, i.e., joints without actuator or sensor, which permit changing the Denavit–Hartenberg (DH) parameters such as the link length and twist angle. The passive joints will become controllable when the robot forms a closed kinematic chain. Also, each passive joint is equipped with a built-in brake mechanism that is normally locked, but the lock can be released whenever the parameters are to be changed. Such a versatile and agile robot is particularly suitable for space application for its simple, compact, and light design. The kinematics and recalibration of this kind of reconfigurable robot are thoroughly analyzed. A stable reconfiguration-control algorithm is devised to take the robot from one configuration to another by directly regulating the passive joints to the associated, desired DH parameters. Conditions for the observability and the controllability of the passive joints are also derived in detail.      

自重构机器人的自组织变形

本文深入研究了自重构机器人实现自组织变形的基本方法．首先根据自重构机器人 系统结构的基本特征提出一种描述模型，可以对各类模块化自重构机器人的拓扑结构进行统 一描述．然后提出一种建立在全离散的局部智能基础上的自重构机器人的自组织变形策略， 通过建立适当的模块运动规则和规则进化使机器人由局部自主运动产生全局系统自组织的结 果．