组织工程微构建与Bottom-up构建思路的研究进展

天然组织结构是由高度复杂化的组织微结构体组成,现今组织工程学的巨大挑战就是在体外重现这些微结构体的结构和功能。微构建技术为组织构建提供了一条新途径。对微工程化水凝胶技术作了相关的介绍,举例阐述了其中的微流体技术和微孔技术在形成细胞集落、促进细胞-细胞与细胞-细胞外基质间作用等方面的影响。此外,还提出了一种通过自下而上的构建方式制备水凝胶微结构的新技术,利用微囊化细胞与生物凝胶材料进行体外组织工程构建。     

玻璃基底上的蛋白质微接触压印图型化

研究了一种将胶原Ⅰ型蛋白通过微接触压印技术图型化于玻璃基底表面的方法.采用标准光刻工艺制备印章母版,并运用反应离子刻蚀设备对印章表面进行氧等离子体处理,以期改善印章表面亲水性能.将涂敷了胶原Ⅰ型蛋白,并经返潮处理的印章以50 g/cm^2大小的力与玻璃表面接触10 s,得到蛋白质微图型.结果表明,采用反应离子刻蚀技术能显著改善聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）印章表面的亲水性.表面亲水性得到改善的PDMS印章,在经过湿盒返潮后,再进行微接触压印得到的蛋白质微图型其质量得到显著提高.     

高电导率高晶化率p型微晶硅薄膜的制备

利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,以B2H6为掺杂剂,在玻璃衬底上制备了厚度为40nm左右的p型微晶硅薄膜.为获得高电导率高晶化率的薄膜,采用正交实验法对衬底温度、氢稀释比及硼烷掺杂比等主要沉积参数进行初步优化.Raman光谱和电导率测试结果表明:(1)在实验选取的参数范围内,衬底温度是影响薄膜暗电导率和晶化率的最主要因素,其次是氢稀释比,硼烷掺杂比的影响相对较小;(2)通过正交优化,获得了暗电导率为2.05S·cm-1、晶化率为86%的p型微晶硅薄膜.     

退火对硼掺杂微晶硅薄膜性能的影响

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RFPECVD)法制备了不同硼烷掺杂比例的微晶硅薄膜.随后在不同温度、不同气氛下,对沉积得到的P型微晶硅薄膜进行了退火处理.研究发现,对初始晶化率较高的薄膜,退火后其晶化率发生下降;初始晶化率较低的薄膜,退火后其晶化率则有所提高;并且,在高真空中退火更有利于薄膜的晶化.退火后,薄膜表面...     

搞好地震图缩微,发展地球科学

地震图是地学研究的基础资料，地震图的缩微化有利于地震资料保护和交流，全球历史地震图缩微计划的实施，树立了成功的典型。中、半震技术合作带动了我国震图图的缩微化，国际资料交换，使我国ＳＫ台网资料与美国ＷＷＳＳＮ接轨，并实现全球共享。我国的地震图缩微系统，设备配套，制作规范。每年缩微国内、外大地震记录图约１００００张。中国地震图缩微库的建成已向全社会提供服务。     

非水乳液法制备结构不同的聚酰亚胺微球

选用4,4-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)、对苯二胺(PPD)及1,5-二氨基萘(NDA)3种二胺及二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)为单体,采用Pluronic-F127/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、司班85/液体石蜡非水乳液聚合首先制得聚酰亚胺(PI)微球。利用红外测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及粒径测试等对PI微球的结构及形貌进行分析。结果表明,当使用不同的二胺与二酐BTDA在非水乳液体系下均能成为PI微球,带有柔顺基团的二胺形成的PI微球其形貌良好,而且分布比较均一,平均粒径为20μm左右;而刚性较强的二胺合成微球其表面粗糙且形貌较差。产品仅经化学亚胺化处理亚胺化不完全,必须经进一步的热处理才能使完全亚胺化;亚胺化程度随温度的变化基本是呈S型。3种二胺ODA、PPD和NDA形成的PI微球的完全热亚胺化温度分别为300,330和370℃。     

第10届“几何与图学”国际会议介绍

乌克兰基辅几何与图学国际会议展现了近年国际几何与图学的研究与进展，特别是在理论图学，应用图学和图学教育方面的动态和最新成就。东欧国家有较多的代表和论文，显示了他们在几何，造型，图形图像处理，计算机辅助设计方面的较深的基础和众多的研究成果。并对国际几何与图学学会(ICGG)的设置与运作作了介绍。     

强韧微合金非调质钢的研究动向

叙述了国内外微合金非调质钢的发展应用现状与趋势,探讨了微合金非调质钢强韧化途径,并从微合金制备工艺的变革、控锻－控冷技术的一切、成本调整及新型Ｆ－Ｂ和Ｆ－Ｍ型复相微合金非调质钢的提出、计算机模拟技术在微合金非调质钢研究上的运用以及微合金非调质钢制件应用领域的拓展等几个方面,阐述了强韧微合钢的研究会动向。     

表面增强拉曼散射基底制造方法的研究现状

本文回顾了近年来表面增强拉曼散射(surface enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)基底制造方法的研究发展现状.重点就基于新型微纳加工技术发展起来的SERS基底制备方法,包括能量束刻蚀技术、自组装及纳米球刻蚀技术等展开介绍.阐述了SERS技术在机理研究、痕量检测、传感器等方面的应用.最后,对SERS基底研究进行了展望.     

高分子微球在三维细胞培养领域的应用进展

三维细胞培养能够模拟细胞在体内的形态和功能，因此成为新兴的细胞培养技术。在不同的三维细胞培养方法中，微球支架为模拟微环境下的三维空间细胞黏附、增殖和细胞相互作用提供了一种有价值的工具。其中，基于可降解高分子的微球支架因优异的生物相容性和生物降解性得到了广泛的研究。综述了基于可降解高分子微球支架的最新进展，包括天然高分子和合成高分子以及在三维细胞培养方面的应用，探讨了高分子微球支架的应用局限性和潜在的解决方法，并指明了其未来发展方向。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.