一种细化AZ31镁合金的固液两相区复合挤压工艺

为了通过细化晶粒提高镁合金综合力学性能,基于“工艺耦合,缩短流程”的想法,提出固液两相区挤压剪切复合成形工艺。以AZ31镁合金为研究对象,结合Anycasting技术,对固液两相区成形过程的浇铸过程及凝固过程进行模拟研究;结合实际实验选取合适的挤压参数,从而有效细化AZ31的组织并提高综合性能。结果表明:AZ31在变形区中因枝晶破碎和压力对过冷度的影响等促进了形核,在有效细化晶粒的基础上保证了尺寸的均匀性;且液相的存在有助于协调挤压过程中的变形,减少滑移和孪生变形对织构的影响,显著降低挤压织构的强度,180°角的基面宏观织构极值强度仅为5.3。剪切角能进一步细化晶粒,并提高综合力学性能;当剪切角度为150°时,综合力学性能最优,屈服强度为222 MPa,抗拉强度为309 MPa,伸长率为8%。     

加工工艺对AZ61镁合金拉压不对称性的影响

采用一次挤压变形、二次挤压变形以及一次挤压后再进行锻造的三种加工工艺对AZ61镁合金进行塑性变形,研究不同的加工工艺对镁合金力学性能及拉压不对称性的影响。结果表明:挤压变形可以细化AZ61镁合金的晶粒,而在挤压后进行锻造变形,会使得其晶粒长大粗化。二次挤压后,由于强化了{0002}基面织构,AZ61镁合金的拉伸屈服强度增加,压缩屈服强度下降,使得拉压不对称性加大。而一次挤压后锻造,在挤压基面织构状态得到改变,且由于晶粒粗大,从而总体上使得AZ61镁合金的拉伸屈服强度下降,而压缩屈服强度几乎保持不变,AZ61的拉压不对称性得到改善。     

累积叠轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

采用累积叠轧工艺对AZ31 镁合金薄板进行剧塑性变形,研究了累积叠轧变形过程中镁合金板材的组织及性能演变.实验结果表明,累积叠轧可以有效细化AZ31镁合金板材的晶粒组织,显著改善室温延伸率,是制备大尺寸、高性能细晶镁合金板材的一种有效、经济而且可以实现工业化生产的技术.累积叠轧5道次后AZ31镁合金板材组织均匀,晶粒尺寸为1～2μm左右,晶粒细化源于大的累积变形及表面剪切变形;室温抗拉强度和延伸率可达到349MPa和22.46%,可归因于晶粒细化对镁合金强度和塑性的改善.累积叠轧板材的道次间的加热使ARB组织粗化,减小了累积叠轧过程中晶粒持续细化的效果.     

基于人工神经网络的AZ31镁合金形变组织晶粒尺寸预测

研究了不同挤压工艺下AZ31镁合金的微观组织,获得了不同变形条件下晶粒尺寸的试验数据,并结合人工神经网络建立了不同挤压工艺条件下晶粒度的BP模型.结果表明,用该网络模拟得到的结果与试验数据较吻合,建立的人工神经网络模型能够精确预测热挤压条件下变形参数与晶粒度的关系,对镁合金零件热变形工艺设计和产品质量控制具有特别重要的意义.     

连续变断面循环挤压AZ31镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用连续变断面循环挤压技术(CVCE)对AZ31镁合金进行循环挤压。采用光学显微镜、电子拉伸机等设备,分析变形前及不同循环道次后AZ31镁合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:AZ31镁合金经10循环CVCE后,平均晶粒尺寸由变形前25.3μm有效细化到5.5μm;伸长率提高到34.3%,抗拉强度下降到200MPa。由于晶粒细化效应,导致α相主要变形机制由1循环的孪生变为随后道次的位错滑移。抗拉强度的降低与挤压后(0001)晶面取向分布的分散性有关;伸长率的增大与晶粒细化和滑移面的激活有关。     

坯料温度对AZ31镁合金反挤成形的影响

在300～400℃温度范围内,挤压比λ=5的条件下,对铸造态AZ31镁合金的反挤压成形进行了实验研究,分析了挤压变形力、挤压成形性以及组织性能的变化规律.实验结果表明:AZ31镁合金在300～400℃范围内反挤成形,随变形温度的升高,挤压变形力呈现下降的趋势;而△T(坯料温度的不均匀度)的增大,使得挤压件表面质量变差,外表面出现垂直于挤压方向的横向裂纹;随变形温度的降低,挤压件晶粒逐步细化,硬度上升.为AZ31镁合金反挤压变形温度的优化提供了基础.     

等径道角 挤压工艺对铸态 AZ91D 镁合金组织的影响

目的介绍等径道角挤压的原理及其对铸态AZ91D镁合金的组织产生的作用。方法通过确定的试验工艺参数,对AZ91D镁合金进行了等径道角挤压变形试验。使用金相显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM),对变形前后的材料进行了显微组织的观察。结果通过进行ECAE挤压后,AZ91D镁合金中的黑色共晶相(Mg17Al12)产生了回溶,在机械剪切和动态再结晶的综合作用下,晶粒得到了细化。结论通过等径道角挤压,能明显改善铸态AZ91D镁合金的组织。     

基于复合变形的镁合金动态再结晶及晶粒尺寸研究

目的 研究复合变形工艺参数对镁合金动态结晶体积分数及镁合金晶粒度的影响规律.方法 采用镁合金板材压痕-压平复合变形技术、扫描电子显微镜和EBSD等材料性能先进检测技术,获得经过复合变形后的镁合金材料的微观组织及动态结晶体积分数、镁合金的晶粒度等相关数据.结果 当变形温度为350℃、复合变形系数为0.375时,动态再结晶体积分数达到94％.当变形温度为400℃、复合变形系数为0.375时,平均晶粒尺寸达到3.2μm.结论 在镁合金压痕-压平复合变形工艺中,随着变形温度的提高及复合变形系数的增大,AZ31镁合金的动态再结晶体积分数随之提高.随着变形温度的升高和复合变形系数的增大,AZ31镁合金的晶粒尺寸随之减小,晶粒得到细化.     

基于数值模拟的 AZ61 镁合金挤压-剪切工艺

目的研究挤压-剪切变形的最优化工艺参数,分析各个工艺参数对AZ61镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。方法通过有限元模拟技术,分析了各个工艺参数,包括挤压温度、挤压速度、挤压比对AZ61镁合金成形结果的影响。结果通过对有限元模拟结果的分析和研究,得到AZ61镁合金成形的最佳工艺参数为:挤压温度为400℃;挤压速度为10 mm/s;挤压比越大,再结晶效果越明显,晶粒尺寸越细小。结论优化了挤压温度、挤压速度、挤压比等影响AZ61镁合金成形的因子,得到了符合实际生产的最佳工艺参数。     

AZ31镁合金连续变断面挤压变形行为及组织演变

采用大变形量的连续变断面循环挤压工艺对铸态AZ31镁合金进行不同道次的挤压变形,分析了其在变形到断裂过程中的受力情况和微观组织变化。研究表明:随着变形次数的增加,铸态AZ31镁合金晶粒不断被细化,10道次变形后,晶体内的不均匀变形被消除,粗大的晶粒全部变为细小的等轴晶,晶界上的第二相和杂质也均匀地分布在晶粒间;变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,原始粗大晶粒在形成细小等轴晶的同时仍能保持原有晶体位置的遗传性;变形过程中主要以孪晶为主,锥形裂纹末端为沿晶和穿晶结合型断裂,侧面为单一型穿晶断裂,并且裂纹两边显微组织存在较大差异性。     

加工方式对AZ31变形镁合金热拉伸流变应力的影响

针对不同方法制备的AZ31镁合金薄板,利用热拉伸试验机和金相显微镜对其在不同温度和变形速率下的流变应力进行了实验研究.结果表明:挤压、交叉、热轧和冷轧等方法制备的AZ31镁合金薄板的应力-应变曲线基本特征是相同的.峰值流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,在低温时具有明显的厚度效应;当温度大于350℃时峰值流变应力几乎不随板材厚度变化而变化;应变速率小于1.0×10-2s-1,变形温度大于150℃下所有AZ31薄板的延伸率均δ≥45%;单向轧制薄板的各向异性随温度提高减小.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained Ti/AZ31 magnesium matrix composite prepared by powder metallurgy

The microstructure of ultrafine grain for magnesium alloys can result in drastic enhancement in their room temperature strength, but the issue of low strength at elevated temperature becomes more serious as well due to grain boundary slide. Here ultrafine-grained Ti/AZ31 magnesium matrix composites with high strength at both room and elevated temperature were prepared by vacuum hot pressing and subsequent hot extrusion. The microstructure of the composite samples before and after consolidation processing was characterized, and the mechanical properties of the as-consolidated bulk samples were measured at room and elevated temperatures. The results indicate that after extrusion ultrafine-grained magnesium alloys were obtained and Ti particulates with particulate size of ～310?nm disperse in Mg matrix. The magnesium grain of AZ31-15at.%Ti grows from 66?nm to 800?nm. Meanwhile, the relative densities of Ti/AZ31 composites are higher than 99%. The yield strength (YS) of extruded AZ31-15at.%Ti composite at room temperature is 341?MPa, being 2.4 times higher than original AZ31 alloy. Theoretical estimation shows that remarkably enhanced room-temperature mechanical strength attributes to grain boundary strengthening with the contribution ratio of 74%. In addition, the peak stress of extruded AZ31-15at.%Ti composite at 573?K is 82?MPa and ultrafine Ti dispersions are responsible for the enhanced strength.     

镁合金 AZ40M 再结晶晶粒尺寸与硬度模型研究

目的研究变形温度及变形速率对镁合金AZ40M再结晶晶粒尺寸以及硬度的影响。方法在gleeble-1500D热模拟机上进行热物理模拟压缩实验,变形温度为250~400℃,变形速率为0.001~1 s-1,通过金相法观测AZ40M镁合金在不同变形条件下的组织形貌,采用维氏硬度计测出镁合金热变形后的硬度值。结果当升高变形温度或降低变形速率时,材料的晶粒尺寸增大且硬度减小。结论得出了再结晶晶粒尺寸的变化规律,建立了AZ40M镁合金的晶粒尺寸与硬度的关系模型。     

Dynamic recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by alternate forward extrusion

One of the important factors that affect the microstructure and properties of extruded products is recrystallization behavior. Alternate forward extrusion (AFE) is a new type of metal extrusion process with strong potential. In this paper, we carried out the AFE process experiments of as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy and obtained extrusion bar whose microstructure and deformation mechanism were analyzed by means of optical microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results indicated that homogeneous fine-grained structure with mean grain size of 3.91 μm was obtained after AFE at 573 K. The dominant reason of grain refinement was considered the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) induced by strain localization and shear plastic deformation. In the 573-673 K range, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the composite mechanical properties are reduced accordingly with the increase of the forming temperature. Shown as in relevant statistics, the proportion of the large-angle grain boundaries decreased significantly. The above results provide an important scientific basis of the scheme formulation and active control on microstructure and property for AZ31 magnesium alloy AFE process.     

Grain size and texture effect on compression behavior of hot-extruded Mg–3Al–1Zn alloys at room temperature

Hot-extruded AZ31 alloy was subjected to compression at room temperature. The influence of grain size and grain orientation on the compression behavior of the specimens was examined by optical microscopy, compression test and X-ray diffraction. Abundant twins activated during compression of extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy. The hot extruded AZ31 magnesium alloys had a higher Hall–Petch slope for compression than that for tension.     

Processing of AZ31 magnesium alloy by a new noble severe plastic deformation method

In the present investigation a wrought magnesium alloy (AZ31) has been processed applying the accumulative back extrusion (ABE) method. This was performed through different thermomechanical processing routes (different ABE deformation passes at temperatures of 80-380 °C). The results indicate that AZ31 alloy may successfully be deformed through ABE processing even at temperatures as low as 80 °C. Following the ABE processing a sophisticated microhardness testing was conducted and thorough microstructural observations were undertaken using optical microscopy. The results show that the equiaxed submicron size grains have been achieved. As the number of passes was increased, a more homogeneous microstructure with finer mean grain size was obtained. It was also found that increasing the temperature resulted in larger mean grain size and also higher microstructural homogeneity.     

挤压对AZ91铸造镁合金力学性能的影响

对挤压变形前后的AZ91镁合金进行了微观组织和力学性能研究.结果表明:挤压成形后合金的抗拉强度和塑性均得到提高;孪晶的产生,导致挤压合金室温压缩的应力-应变曲线上有屈服平台出现;晶粒尺寸强烈影响合金的强度.室温时,挤压合金的流变强度较铸态的高,而高温压缩的强度则较铸态的低.     

Fabrication,microstructures, and tensile properties of magnesium alloy AZ91/SiCp composites produced by powder metallurgy

Abstract

The tensile properties and microstructural evolution of hot extruded AZ91 magnesium alloy with and without reinforcement of SiC particles have been investigated in terms of extrusion parameters, such as extrusion ratio and extrusion temperature. Also, the effect of SiC particles on the grain size of the matrix in the composites was evaluated using the Hall-Petch equation. The AZ91 magnesium alloy powders prepared by wet attrition milling from magnesium machined chips were hot pressed with and without SiC particles, hot extruded, and then solution treated. Microstructural observation revealed that both the composites and the magnesium alloy have fine equiaxed grains due to the dynamic recrystallisation during hot extrusion. The tensile strength of both materials increased with increasing extrusion ratio, and the strengths of the composites were higher than that of the magnesium alloy without reinforcement. It was found that the tensile strength of both the materials decreased after solution treatment, and the decrease in tensile strength of the composites was considerably smaller than that of the magnesium alloy. From analyses of the microstructures and the mechanical properties, combined with examination of the H all–Petch relationship, the refinement of the matrix was primarily responsible for the improvement in the yield strength of the composites. The grain growth of the matrix was inhibited by the introduction of the SiC particles.     

Influence of neodymium on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B wrought magnesium alloy

Abstract

The influences of rare earth neodymium on microstructure and mechanical properties of as cast and hot rolled AZ31B wrought magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of both as cast and hot rolled AZ31B alloys decrease due to Nd addition. Nd reacts with Al to form Al₂Nd phase when Nd is added. Bulky and brittle Al₂Nd intermetallic degrades the mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of Nd weakens the grain refining effect of Al on as cast AZ31B alloy, resulting in grain coarsening. Coarse grains also cause the decline of the mechanical properties of as cast AZ31B–Nd alloy. The negative influence of the bulky and brittle intermetallics on mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy can be relieved by large deformation because the intermetallics can be sufficiently broken up during the deformation process.     

搅拌摩擦加工对AZ31镁合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术(Friction stir processing,FSP)对AZ31镁合金板材进行了单道次加工,研究了加工区域微观组织对力学性能的影响。结果表明,相同前进速度下,旋转速度升高,平均晶粒尺寸增大。搅拌摩擦加工后,晶粒尺寸和织构变化显著影响AZ31镁合金的力学性能,平均晶粒尺寸越大,越易发生孪生变形。织构类型主要包括基面织构和纤维织构。基面织构位于软位向时,屈服强度降低,但纤维织构会弱化基面织构对力学性能的影响。