火炮立靶密集度测量方法

立靶密集度是火炮武器的关键性能之一,是反映火炮射击精度的关键参数.火炮立靶密集度测量方法有木板靶法、声学靶法、光电靶法和照相法等.采用木板靶法,在炮口前方特定距离竖立一面木板靶,火炮射击时,弹丸穿越该靶面,用长度尺测量弹孔坐标,然后计算密集度.采用声学靶法和光电靶法,在炮口前方特定距离布置声学传感器或光电传感器,火炮射...     

CCD立靶弹丸攻角测量

基于CCD立靶坐标交汇测量原理,提出了通过测量弹头和弹尾过靶坐标进而解算出弹丸攻角的方法,使CCD立靶测量系统在完成弹丸着靶坐标测量的同时,还可以完成弹丸攻角的测量.对CCD立靶坐标测量精度进行了分析,推导了攻角测量的相关公式;结合试验,对攻角测量精度作了分析,对方法的可行性进行了验证.结果表明,利用CCD立靶测量系统...     

激波压力传感器信号处理电路设计

针对声学靶装置中采用的一种激波传感器．设计了相应的传感器输出信号转换、处理电路,该信号处理电路由电荷放大电路和滤波电路组成。采用运算放大器OPA604设计了电荷放大电路,信号滤波电路采用集成有源滤波器UAF42进行设计。经实弹测试验证,利用该信号处理电路,得到了较好的弹丸激波压力波形。     

声学精度靶工作原理及其误差分析

介绍了基于地面声学传感器布阵的声学精度靶的工作原理和定位公式，进行了初步的仿真验证，最后分析了影响其靶位估计精度的主要因素．     

一种弹丸炸点空间三维坐标测量系统

一种用来检测弹丸接近空间特定目标时作用效能的弹丸炸点空间三维坐标测量系统.文章分析已有的立靶精度测量和炸点位置测量方法,选择了测量弹丸炸点空间位置坐标的最佳组合方案,介绍利用交汇光幕立靶测量与数码影像比例算法组合的测量原理和空间坐标计算公式.     

双线阵CCD交汇测量立靶精度系统研究

为了准确测量弹丸的立靶精度,本文采用了双线阵CCD交汇测量的方法.文中介绍了该方法的工作原理,推导出目标在光电靶上的坐标计算公式,同时分析和研究了各个测量模块的元器件和布站方式,从而构建了整个测量系统.最后在靶场进行了实弹试验,得出弹丸的立靶精度为0.041 7 m(方向公算误差)和0.031 9 m(高低公算误差),...     

基于激波测试技术的弹丸射击精度测试系统

枪炮等管式武器的弹丸射击精度是评价武器性能和指导武器设计的重要技术指标.为了研究和准确测量枪炮的射击精度,设计了新型枪炮弹丸射击精度测试系统,包括高速弹丸探测传感器阵列和数据处理终端.前者探测高速飞行的弹丸产生的激波变化,经过信号调理后数字采样,并由无线数传设备传输至数据处理终端;后者根据数学模型及其算法,计算得到弹丸的射击精度,并进行汇总、统计分析、报告生成与打印等.系统基于激波测试技术和数字信号无线传输技术,实现了高速飞行弹丸的全弹道射击精度自动测试.系统结构紧凑,布设便捷,降低了使用要求,克服了人为布设仪器带来的随机误差.增加激波传感器数量,系统测试精度可以达到校验级,以用于对天幕精度靶、光幕精度靶等传统光学精度靶的校验.通过试验可知,系统测试精度高,性能稳定,没有误报、漏报现象,具有极大的推广应用价值.     

炮口振动与立靶散布特性试验研究

针对某高炮武器立靶散布中心明显发生侧偏现象,采用问题再现、原因分析、措施提出和效果验证等过程的试验研究方法,通过射击试验,测试炮箱浮动位移确定弹丸出炮口时间,用位移传感器得到炮口振动位移响应曲线,采用图像式立靶密集度测试系统得到立靶散布坐标,对炮口振动位移曲线进行频谱分析得到炮口振动固有频率,研究炮口位移响应影响立靶散布的规律。结果表明,由于火炮结构固有特性与射频不匹配,引起炮口共振,使得弹丸出炮口时刻出现在炮口振动位移最大位置,形成立靶散布中心侧偏现象。通过加强结构刚度,消除了炮口共振现象,立靶散布中心侧偏现象基本消失。     

立靶精度测量方法研究

本文主要介绍测量弹丸立靶精度的一种新方法。该方法构思巧妙,用少量光电器件接收大量的光信号,以解决灵敏度与分辨率的矛盾。     

线列 CCD 像机交汇测量精度分析

目的　探讨提高线列 CCD像机交汇测量精度 ,在此基础上分析了 CCD像机交汇测量的原理 .方法　采用空间虚拟的光电靶代替实物靶来实现对弹丸目标脱靶量的实时获取 .结果与结论　在分析了 CCD像机测角精度与布站方式等影响交汇测量精度的因素后 ,对光电靶面上不同位置点的 CCD像机交汇坐标测量结果进行了计算 ,最终给出了测量精度与布站的关系 .CCD像机视轴正交时系统具有最高的测量精度 .     

六元探测基阵被动声定位算法及其性能研究

通过对目前常用的空间声目标定位方法的分析,针对四元平面方阵定距精度差的问题,提出了立体六元探测基阵的传感器布置方案,即在四元平面方阵的基础上,增加两个声传感器。根据被动声定位原理推导了定位算法,分析了时延估计误差对定位精度的影响,并进行了数字仿真实验,与四元平面方阵相比取得了较好的定位效果。     

圆柱结构声辐射估计中的振动传感器数目要求

使用近似Kirchhoff积分法估计点力源激励下圆柱壳体的辐射声压和声功率,研究壳体表面速度传感器均匀布放时传感器数目对估计精度的影响。单个场点声压估计和声功率估计误差给定的情况下,随着频率的升高,所需的传感器越来越多,但在场点声压级曲线或辐射声功率级曲线的峰值频率附近,需要的传感器数目会出现谷值;且激励源位置对单个场点声压估计时的传感器数目要求影响不大。进一步研究了全空间声压估计时的传感器数目需求,发现此时传感器需求数目曲线比单个场点声压估计时的传感器数目需求曲线平滑,不会在曲线峰值频率附近出现谷值。     

Acoustic response of aluminium and Duroid plates to hypervelocity impacts

The growing need for real-time impact sensors for deployment on both space vehicles and space habitats (in orbit or on the surface of atmosphere-less bodies such as the Moon) has stimulated sensor development programmes. The sensors should be low mass, low power, easily read-out electronically, cover large areas and be sensitive to impacts which can cause damage up to and including penetration. We propose that piezo-strain acoustic sensors can play an important role in this work. Accordingly we report on a series of hypervelocity impact tests of acoustic sensors mounted on thin plates (aluminium and Duroid plates). The acoustic sensors gave strong signals for impacts of sub mm-mm scale projectiles. We investigated dependences on impactor speed and size, angle of incidence and tested the difference between cratering and penetrating impacts.     

基于DS-VSMM的声网络低空机动目标跟踪

针对低空机动目标的声网络无源跟踪问题,提出一种基于有向图切换的变结构多模型算法.首先,将多个声传感器组网并对其时延的方位角数据进行配准,改善无源声探测网络的融合性能.其次,通过变结构多模型对目标状态进行估计,并利用有向图切换方法对新激活的模型分配权重,跟踪结果为多个模型估计结果的融合输出.通过与交互式多模型算法的仿真比...     

用双直角三角形阵对声目标定位的研究

文章对目前常采用的定位方法进行了分析。提出了用双直角三角形阵对声目标进行定位。该方法采用虚拟传声器技术，用较少的传声器能达到主-从式正四方形阵的定位效果，从而解决了单四方形阵不能远距离定位的问题，通过仿真计算给出了各种误差对测向和测距精度的影响曲线，结果表明，该方法具有较好的定位性能。     

有限平面障板对低频指向性的影响

为提高对水下目标的远程探测能力,降低水下航行体系统工作频率不失为一种较易实现的好方法。矢量传感器在各向同性噪声场中可以获得较大的低频检测增益,且其低频指向性好、体积小、重量轻,但是将矢量传感器安装在水下航行体头部的导流罩内时,传感器的后障板对其指向性有影响,从而影响水下航行体对目标定向的能力。该文从声学原理出发,对平面波在有限平面障板边界上的声压场和振速场进行了理论分析,在此基础上建立了矢量传感器在有限平面障板下的指向性模型,并通过计算机仿真分析,研究了有限障板对低频指向性的影响。设计了实验室试验系统,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,仿真分析与水池试验结果一致,证明了该模型的正确性,为减小有限障板对矢量传感器性能的影响奠定了基础。     

A novel sensor for monitoring acoustic cavitation. Part II: Prototype performance evaluation

For Part I see ibid., vol.50, no.10, p.1342 (2003). This paper describes a series of experimental studies to evaluate the performance of newly developed sensors for monitoring broadband acoustic emissions generated by acoustic cavitation. The prototype sensors are fabricated in the form of hollow, open-ended cylinders, whose inner surface is made from a thin film of piezoelectric polymer acting as a passive acoustic receiver of bandwidth greater than 10 MHz. A 4 mm thick coating of special acoustical absorber forms the outer surface of the sensor. The layer functions as a shield to cavitation events occurring outside the hollow sensor body, allowing megahertz acoustic emissions emanating from within the liquid contained in the sensor to be monitored. Testing of the new sensor concept has been carried out within the cavitating field provided by a commercial ultrasonic cleaning vessel operating at 40 kHz whose power output is rated at 1 kW. It is demonstrated that the prototype cavitation sensors are able to record a systematic increase in the level of the high-frequency acoustic spectrum (>1 MHz) as electrical power to the cleaning vessel is increased. Through careful control of the experimental conditions, reproducibility of the high frequency "energy" associated with the cavitation spectrum was found to be typically /spl plusmn/25%.     

Applicability of LiNbO3, langasite and GaPO4 in high temperature SAW sensors operating at radio frequencies

The applicability of LiNbO3, langasite and GaPO4 for use as crystal substrates in high temperature surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors operating at radio frequencies was investigated. Material properties were determined by the use of SAW test devices processed with conventional lithography. On GaPO4, predominantly surface defects limit the accessible frequencies to values of 1 GHz. Langasite SAW devices could be operated up to 3 GHz; however, high acoustic losses of 20 dB/micros were observed. On LiNbO3, the acoustic losses measured up to 3.5 GHz are one order of magnitude less. Hence, SAW sensors capable of wireless interrogation were designed and processed on YZ-cut LiNbO3. The devices could be successfully operated in the industrial-scientific-medical (ISM) band from 2.40 to 2.4835 GHz up to 400 degrees C.     

Phage-Based Magnetoelastic Wireless Biosensors for Detecting Bacillus Anthracis Spores

A biosensor for the detection of biological warfare agents (Bacillus anthracis spores) was developed that combines the phage display technique with a magnetoelastic wireless detection platform. The affinity-based biosensor utilizes a phage-derived diagnostic probe as the biomolecular recognition element to capture target agents multivalently. Upon binding of the target agent to the sensor surface, the resonance frequency of the magnetoelastic biosensors decreases due to the additional mass of the target agent. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm binding of spores to the sensor surface. The sensitivity of the magnetoelastic acoustic sensor was tested to be 130 Hz per order of magnitude of spore concentration with a detection limit of 10³ spores/ml. The specificity of the sensors was tested against spores of other closely related Bacillus species and a large preferential binding to Bacillus anthracis spores was observed. The longevity of the phage based biosensor was compared to traditional antibody based biosensors and found to exhibit a much longer life     

互易法校准压电型声发射传感器的研究与实现

声发射传感器的校准是实现声发射定量技术的前提,依据电声换能器互易原理,在计算互易常数的基础 上,建立了适用于压电型声发射传感器表面波和纵波互易的校准系统。通过设置特定的激励信号波形,依据接收 电压信号与激励电流信号之间的时间延迟,准确获取电流信号与电压信号对应的特征值,实现了声发射传感器的表面波和纵波互易校准。由于传感器的尺寸效应,传感器在高频时的表面波速度灵敏度低于纵波灵敏度,不确定度评定结果表明,声发射传感器速度灵敏度的互易法校准不确定度为1. 2 dB。