低压冷喷涂铝涂层的工艺参数优化

在常温环境下,以Al2O3和Al(体积比3:7)的混合粉末为原料,以压缩空气为工作气体,利用低压冷喷涂设备,在Q235碳钢表面制备铝涂层,讨论了温度、送粉速率及喷距对涂层沉积效率的影响、同时研究了工艺参数对涂层的显微硬度及结合强度的影响,得出最佳优化工艺参数为工艺参数在温度400～500℃、送粉速率24～35 g/min、喷距20～30 mm。     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对钽涂层滑动摩擦性能的影响

目前,用等离子喷涂工艺制备钽涂层及对其摩擦性能的研究报道很少。采用等离子喷涂制备钽涂层,并研究了涂层的滑动摩擦性能,探讨了喷涂功率、喷涂距离和送粉速率对喷涂过程中钽粉温度和速度的影响,采用SEM分析了涂层的典型组织结构,用球盘型摩擦磨损试验机测试了室温、无润滑条件下涂层的滑动摩擦性能。结果表明,喷涂功率、喷涂距离和送粉速率对钽飞行粒子的温度和速度都有较大的影响,等离子喷涂优化参数为喷涂功率36kW、喷涂距离150mm、送粉速率45g/min时,钽涂层的组织致密、耐磨性好,密度和硬度分别为15.2g/cm3,759HV,涂层的抗拉强度超过40MPa;涂层的滑动摩擦失效行为主要表现为疲劳剥落,在试验范围内,各种喷涂工艺参数获得的涂层滑动摩擦系数相近。     

不同载气温度条件下低压冷喷涂Al-Al2O3复合涂层的沉积特性

目前,对低压冷喷涂Al-Al₂O₃复合涂层的研究主要集中在工艺和性能方面,对颗粒的沉积特性和机理的研究较少。为此,利用低压冷喷涂技术沉积Al-Al₂O₃复合涂层,研究了不同载气温度对复合涂层沉积特性的影响规律,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、三维轮廓仪对复合涂层的厚度、表面形貌、显微组织进行了分析。结果表明:不同载气温度(300,400,500,600℃)制备的Al-Al₂O₃复合涂层厚度依次为213.34,321.62,920.64,986.97μm,复合涂层厚度随载气温度升高而增加,尤其当冷喷涂载气温度由400℃变为500℃时,沉积层厚度增幅达186.25%;复合涂层表面最大高度差H_max和粗糙度R_a随载气温度升高呈增加趋势,载气温度为400℃时复合涂层表面质量最优,当载气温度由400℃变为500℃时H_max和R_a增幅最大,分别为72.68%和52.22%,随载气温度的升高复合涂层表面质量下降;复合涂层中形变Al颗粒的扁平率随载气温度升高呈下降趋势,复合涂层中Al颗粒由塑性变形量较大的扁平状(300℃)逐渐变为塑性变形量较小的椭球形(600℃),随载气温度升高Al-Al₂O₃涂层的沉积率突增和颗粒扁平率下降归因于Al颗粒的热软化效应。     

微束等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层特性

采用轴向中心送粉式微束等离子喷涂系统在2kW级的小功率条件下制备了Al2O3陶瓷涂层.研究了电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度与涂层组织结构和性能的影响.采用光学显微镜观察涂层的组织结构,采用X射线衍射分析涂层的相结构,采用磨粒磨损质量损失表征涂层的性能,用热辐射粒子速度温度测量系统测试工艺参数对喷涂粒子速度的影响.结果表明,电弧功率、工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度的影响都比较明显,粒子速度随着电弧功率和工作气体流量的增加而增加,随着喷涂距离的增加而下降.涂层的磨粒磨损质量损失随电弧功率的增加而减少,而随工作气体流量和喷涂距离的增加而增加.分析表明粒子的温度对涂层磨粒磨损质量损失有较大的影响.采用微束等离子喷涂可以制备磨粒磨损性能与传统等离子喷涂在38kW下制备的涂层相当的Al2O3涂层.     

大气等离子喷涂工艺参数对Al2O3涂层性能的影响

为了提高燃烧器工艺烧嘴的使用寿命,在UMCo-50基材表面大气等离子喷涂Al2O3层。采用正交试验法对喷涂工艺参数进行了优化,运用微观形貌分析、X射线衍射分析并结合强度及显微硬度等测试方法,系统研究了喷涂主气流量、功率和送粉量对AI2O3涂层综合性能的影响规律。结果表明:喷涂主气流量、功率和送粉量对Al2O3涂层性能具有交互性影响,在40L/min Ar,48 kW和30g/min条件下可以获得性能较好的Al2O3涂层,极大地提高了UMCo-50基材的抗高温氧化和耐磨性能,使之具有广阔的应用前景。     

电弧喷涂工艺参数对Zn-Al伪合金制模涂层性能的影响

为了提高电弧喷涂模具的复制精度和使用寿命,研究了喷涂工艺参数变化对电弧喷涂制模中Zn-Al伪合金金属壳的硬度和致密性的影响.试验采用Zn丝作阴极,Al丝作阳极进行电弧喷涂.在固定喷枪移动速度和喷涂角度为90°的条件下,分析得出,送丝速度和喷涂距离对伪合金涂层硬度、孔隙率影响较小,而电弧电压和压缩空气压力对伪合金涂层硬度、孔隙率影响较大,并通过正交分析法得出了电弧喷涂制备Zn-Al伪合金涂层的最佳工艺参数:电弧电压30 V,送丝速度5m/min,喷涂距离200mm,压缩空气压力0.5 MPa.最后分析了不同工艺参数下涂层的金相组织.     

等离子喷涂参数对钽涂层组织及性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂法制备了钽金属涂层，用电子显微镜分析了不同工艺条件下钽涂层的化学成分、表面形貌，测试了涂层与基材的结合强度。结果表明，采用优化的等离子喷涂工艺参数，可以制取组织致密、厚度均匀的钽涂层；钽粉的颗粒尺寸对材料的熔化状态影响较大；在试验的喷距范围内，喷距对粉末的熔化状态和涂层结合强度均无明显影响。     

结晶器铬锆铜板表面等离子喷涂镍铬-碳化铬涂层的研究

利用等离子喷涂技术在结晶器CrZrCu基体上制备了Cr3C2-30NiCr涂层,采用正交试验法研究了喷涂工艺参数对Cr3C2-30NiCr涂层与基体间结合强度的影响,观察了断口宏观形貌和涂层的显微组织结构,并对涂层进行了显微硬度试验.结果表明,影响涂层与基体结合强度的因素的主次关系为:送粉速率＞主气流量＞喷涂距离＞功率;正交试验得出的最佳工艺参数为:喷涂距离130mm,主气流量120L/min,送粉速率30g/min,功率22kW;涂层与基体间的最高结合强度大于32.86MPa;涂层截面的显微硬度服从正态分布.     

喷涂气体温度对冷喷涂304不锈钢层组织结构与性能的影响

冷喷涂304不锈钢层耐腐蚀性能优良,而喷涂气体温度对涂层组织结构与性能影响较大。采用不同温度的喷涂气体,在低碳钢表面冷喷涂304不锈钢层,探讨了喷涂气体温度对涂层相结构、致密度、厚度、硬度、内聚结合力以及沉积率的影响。结果表明：提高喷涂气体温度对304不锈钢涂层的物相无影响,不会使涂层明显氧化;随喷涂气体温度升高,喷涂...     

低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的特性

以细小的氧化铝为热喷涂粉末,采用低压等离子喷涂制备了沉积率高于50%,孔隙率低于2%的氧化铝涂层.研究了不同工艺下低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的沉积率、相组成和显微结构,并对低压等离子功率和真空室压力工艺参数对涂层的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,所制备的涂层以α-Al₂O₃和γ-Al₂O₃相并存;随着功率和压力提高,涂层的孔隙率有明显的降低,但压力达到23.7kPa时功率影响较小.此外,还对等离子焰流中的粒子温度和速度进行了计算.结果表明,在23.7kPa压力下保证粒子充分熔融的前提下使粒子具有较高的运动速度.     

Deposition efficiency of low pressure cold sprayed aluminum coating

Low pressure cold spraying (LPCS) is different from high pressure cold spraying because it is capable of onsite operation with compaction system and flexible spray gun. However, the deposition efficiency is much low for efficient onsite reparation, it is important to know more about the influence of spraying parameters on deposition efficiency of LPCS. To verify the relationship between the spray parameters (temperature, standoff distance, powder feeding rate, and transverse speed) and the deposition efficiency, a DYMET413 commercial LPCS system was used to prepare coating under different parameters. The deposition efficiency increases linearly as the gas temperature increases. The optimal alumina content in powders is about 30%, the optimal distance is 25?mm for the powder used in this study. The deposition efficiency of powder increases as the transverse speed of nozzle decreases. It is hard to predict the deposition efficiency by numerical methods since the deposition behavior in a composite powder system is influenced by a number of factors. The interaction between particles, the erosion effect of alumina and under critical velocity particles all can influence the deposition behavior.     

Study on corrosion resistance of aluminium coating deposited on magnesium-zinc-yttrium-calcium alloy by cold spray

Pure aluminium coatings were prepared on magnesium-zinc-yttrium-calcium alloy substrate via cold spraying technology with different scanning speeds and working gas temperature. The correlation between the corrosion resistance of the coatings and the different spraying process was studied. While the working gas temperature is 600 °C and the scanning speed is 1 mm/s, aluminium coating has less porosity and the coating was well combined with the substrate. Higher temperature of working gas increases the plastic deformation of particles, which lead to a dense aluminium coating. The relationship of corrosion resistance on working gas temperature and scanning speed of aluminium coatings has also been investigated by immersion corrosion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. The results show that the cold sprayed aluminium coatings revealed a lower porosity and higher corrosion resistance with the decreasing scanning speed and the increasing temperature of working gas. The porosity and corrosion current densities were 0.938 vol.% and 2.427 ⋅ 10⁻⁶ A/cm². The experimental results show that the aluminium coating prepared by cold spraying has a good protective effect on magnesium alloy.     

Cold spraying of Cu‐Al‐Bronze for cavitation protection in marine environments

High strength metal coatings are promising for reducing the cavitation damage of ship rudders. Cold spraying offers the opportunity to produce coatings that have similar properties as respective bulk material. In this study, conditions for cold spraying CuAl10Fe5Ni5 bronze are evaluated for the use at ship rudder applications. The spray parameter sets were varied with respect to nozzle type, process gas pressure and temperature. Single particle impact morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and categorized into different classes to obtain information on the deformation behavior. Within the selected parameter regime, coatings were processed with deposition efficiencies of up to 70%. The coating microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy to gain information on spraying conditions for minimum porosity. For the higher parameter sets, porosities of less than 2% were obtained. Coating performance was investigated by cavitation test procedures. These first results show that cold sprayed bronze coatings still faces challenges with respect to powder properties. With further optimization, respective coatings could have a high potential for ensuring a good performance in rudder protection.     

铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂工艺参数优化研究

为了使铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂涂层获得优良的涂层性能,选择涂层孔隙率为判据,通过正交试验和OLYC IA m3金相图像分析系统对铝基粉芯线材电弧喷涂工艺进行了优化,同时采用SprayW atch热喷涂监控系统对喷涂过程中粒子的飞行速度和温度进行了测定.经研究得到了铝基粉芯丝材电弧喷涂的最佳工艺参数.结果表明,影响铝基涂层致密性的工艺因素按主次顺序分别为喷涂气压、喷涂电压和喷涂距离;在所选试验范围内,随气体压力和喷涂电压的增大、喷涂距离的减小,涂层的孔隙率降低;在优化的喷涂工艺参数条件下,铝基涂层最小孔隙率可达1.3%.     

超音速冷气体动力喷涂的涂层微结构

超音速冷气体动力喷涂是近年来兴起的一种表面涂层和粉末固结的新技术.本文在自行建造的冷喷涂实验装置上,实现了以氮气为载气的铜粉向铝板的超音速冷喷涂沉积.采用金相显微镜、表面轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜和x射线衍射仪等对冷喷涂涂层样件的微结构特性进行了分析.结果表明,金属粒子与基板之间高速撞击过程中发生的塑性变形,使其与基板相结合,实现沉积.x射线衍射仪检测结果表明涂层成份基本与粉末成份相同,喷涂前后金属粉末未被氧化.涂层中存在少量的铜-铝合金,证明冷喷涂形成的涂层具有很高的结合强度,甚至在局部可以形成冶金结合.     

冷喷涂技术研究进展及其在舰船领域的应用

冷喷涂作为一种低温固态成型技术,具有基材热影响小、粉末材料不易氧化、沉积效率高等特点,可用于金属防护涂层制备、零部件修复和增材制造。首先从冷喷涂系统、喷涂材料、喷涂工艺3个方面介绍了冷喷涂技术的特点;其次总结了近年来冷喷涂技术在粉末材料设计、涂层结合机理、组织结构与性能调控方面的研究进展;然后,详述了冷喷涂技术在国外海军舰船领域的应用情况;最后,简述了冷喷涂技术在我国海军舰船领域的研究及应用情况,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望,以期提高我国海军舰船装备腐蚀防护及维修保障能力。     

超音速等离子体喷涂MoSi2涂层工艺研究

涂层技术是C/C复合材料高温抗氧化与抗烧蚀的有效手段,单一的SiC涂层很难为C/C复合材料提供有效的长寿命保护。金属间化合物MoSi2高温时会形成一层致密的SiO2保护膜,具有特别优异的高温抗氧化性能,常作为C/C复合材料的高温抗氧化涂层。本文采用超音速等离子喷涂法在带SiC涂层的C/C复合材料表面制备了MoSi2涂层,主要研究了喷涂功率、主气(Ar)流量对粉料表面温度、飞行速度、沉积率以及对涂层表面微观结构和结合强度的影响。结果表明:喷涂功率在47.5~52.5 kW之间,既能使粒子有较高的速度和温度,还能保证粉末不过熔,在喷涂功率为50 kW时,粉料的沉积率最高,氧化不高,涂层表面致密性好,截面结合紧密,结合强度高;Ar流量为65 L/min时,能够保证MoSi2粉末有较高的表面温度与较快飞行速度,沉积率最高,氧化不高,涂层表面致密,几乎没有孔隙与裂纹。因此,调控超音速等离子体喷涂工艺参数能够在带SiC涂层的C/C复合材料表面得到致密且结合良好的MoSiO2涂层。     

Warm spraying—a novel coating process based on high-velocity impact of solid particles

Abstract

In recent years, coating processes based on the impact of high-velocity solid particles such as cold spraying and aerosol deposition have been developed and attracting much industrial attention. A novel coating process called ‘warm spraying’ has been developed, in which coatings are formed by the high-velocity impact of solid powder particles heated to appropriate temperatures below the melting point of the powder material. The advantages of such process are as follows: (1) the critical velocity needed to form a coating can be significantly lowered by heating, (2) the degradation of feedstock powder such as oxidation can be significantly controlled compared with conventional thermal spraying where powder is molten, and (3) various coating structures can be realized from porous to dense ones by controlling the temperature and velocity of the particles. The principles and characteristics of this new process are discussed in light of other existing spray processes such as high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying and cold spraying. The gas dynamics of particle heating and acceleration by the spraying apparatus as well as the high-velocity impact phenomena of powder particles are discussed in detail. Several examples of depositing heat sensitive materials such as titanium, metallic glass, WC–Co cermet and polymers are described with potential industrial applications.     

等离子喷焊铜基自熔性合金的研制

为了克服铜铁异种材料喷焊过程中易产生焊缝裂纹和基体裂纹的倾向,研制开发了一种Cu-Ni-Sn自熔性合金粉末材料.通过对Cu-Ni-Sn粉末材料的化学成分的设计,喷焊层的组织显微结构及抗腐蚀性能的综合分析,认为该材料等离子喷焊工艺性能良好,焊层耐腐蚀效果十分明显.在生产实际中应用等离子喷焊制备Cu-Ni-Sn焊层,能明显提高粉末材料的熔敷率和性能,并且改善劳动工作环境.该合金性能优于传统材料,值得推广.     

A study on coatability of marble dust on metal substrates

Marble dust is a hazardous construction/industrial waste generated during the extraction, cutting and polishing of marble-producing rocks. The present work explores the potential of marble dust to be used as a coating material on metal substrates. For this, the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying route is adopted to deposit marble dust coatings on four different metallic substrates: mild steel, inconel, aluminum, and copper. Liquefied petroleum gas is used as the fuel and nitrogen as the carrier gas while the coating deposition is performed by varying the spray distance over a range from 50 mm to 250 mm. The coating microstructure is studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the developed phases are identified using an x-ray diffractometer. The developed coatings are characterized in terms of deposition efficiency, coating thickness and adhesion strength. It is found that the coatings exhibit fairly good interfacial adhesion and thickness values that varied quite significantly with the spray distance. Maximum deposition efficiency of about 68 % is obtained for the copper substrate when the deposition is performed at a spray distance of 100 mm. This experimental investigation thus shows that despite being a waste, marble dust is eminently coatable on several metallic substrates.