四丁基溴化铵相变蓄冷材料热物性实验研究

通过实验对四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)溶液的蓄冷结晶过程进行了测试,结果表明TBAB溶液的凝固温度随其浓度的改变而改变,在25%~45%的浓度范围内,其凝固温度位于5.8~9.3℃范围内.选取相变温度适宜、相变过程稳定、浓度为40%的TBAB溶液,向其添加硼砂成核剂,测试其相变温度和相变潜热,测试结果表明质量浓度为2%的硼砂在不影响TBAB溶液凝固温度的情况下可以降低其结晶过冷度2.4℃.采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测试TBAB溶液的熔解潜热为187.030kJ/kg.因此TBAB溶液是一种高效的空调蓄冷材料.     

超声分析二元混合气体浓度的理论及应用

本文根据气体状态方程，推导了二元混合气体浓度与声速的解析关系，得到一个一元二次方程该方程的系数是声速与温度的函数，而方程的解即为气体浓度。研制了带单片机的智能超声氯气浓度分析仪，根据测量的声速与温度进行直接运算而无需现场实测－一逐点标定，该机的计算误差小于１％，经工作使用并与分析对比，其概然误差小于０．１％。     

操作条件对死端微滤膜通量的影响--温度、压力、浓度的影响

采用标准孔径为0.1μm的亲水PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)微滤膜和0.2μm的PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)膜,研究了温度、压力、浓度等操作条件对BSA溶液死端微滤膜通量的影响.实验表明,温度、压力和浓度对微滤膜通量有重要影响,通量随温度升高而增大;随浓度的增大而减小;当压力上升到0.14 MPa时,通量将不随压力变化,达到极限通量.在实验范围内(0.04~0.16 MPa,18~30℃),对于去离子水,通量和温度成良好的线性关系,通量随温度、压力的变化关系分别为ln(J/J)w=-0.021 9T-13.993和ln(J/Δp)w=-1.958 4Δp 5.283 4;对于BSA溶液,则在0.04~0.14 MPa,20~30℃范围内,通量随温度、压力的变化关系分别为JE/JT=ln(-0.004 5T2 0.230 9T)和ln(J/Δp)=-3.576 7Δp 4.627 7.溶液浓度增大,稳态通量下降;当溶液浓度达到一定值时,由于滤饼层厚度趋向平衡厚度,稳态通量将近似恒定.     

丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物溶液粘度的测定和研究

采用NEX－1型锥板粘度计和HAAK－100型锥板粘度计测定了丁二烯－苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）两种型号SBS1401和SBS4402的环己烷溶液和甲苯溶液的粘度,温度范围为20℃-60℃,浓度范围为1％－25％。研究了各种因素对溶液粘度的影响,并计算出了运动粘度。8％以下溶液呈现牛顿流体的性质,粘度基本不随剪切速率改变。浓度从10％起,溶液呈现出非牛顿性,粘度随剪切速率呈幂率变化,粘流活化能随剪切速率的增加而增高。在本文的测量范围内,绝对粘度与浓度呈三次多项式的关系,运动粘度与浓度呈指数关系。     

高浓度CO2在MEA溶液中平衡溶解度的实验研究

采用气液搅拌平衡装置,通过酸碱滴定和皂泡流量计测定了高浓度CO2在不同MEA溶液中的平衡溶解度。利用正交实验设计方法,考察了温度、CO2分压力、MEA质量浓度等因素对CO2平衡溶解度的影响。结果表明,在实验参数选定范围内,影响MEA中CO2平衡溶解度的因素主次顺序为：CO2分压力〉MEA质量浓度〉温度;MEA溶液中CO2的平衡溶解度随压力的增大而增大,随MEA质量浓度的增大而减小,随温度的增大而减小。     

超临界CO2流体中超声速的特性

超临界CO2流体声速随压力和温度变化规律,对超声技术强化超临界流体萃取应用具有理论指导作用。为研究超临界CO2流体的超声速特性,设计了单探头脉冲回波法的声速测量探头,频率2.5MHz。采用汕头超声研究所生产的CTS-3600数字式超声探伤仪与声速测量探头连接。以温度每5℃和压力每1MPa为间隔,测量了温度为25℃～55℃,压力为7MPa～26MPa的CO2流体声速,根据不同温度下声速随压力变化的一组等温线,采用多项式拟合得到超临界CO2流体声速随压力和温度变化关系模型,在T=300K时计算模型计算值和文献参考值的相对误差。结果表明:超临界CO2流体声速随压力增加而增大,随温度升高而降低,在T=300K时模型计算值和文献参考值的相对误差在7%以内。     

常压下溴化锂水溶液沸腾换热特性实验研究

除湿剂的沸腾式再生区别于喷淋式再生,受室外环境影响小,具有广阔的应用前景。溶液的沸腾特性的研究对沸腾再生器的设计有重要意义。针对常规除湿溶液LiBr水溶液的池内核态沸腾特性展开实验研究,研究发现：实验范围内,LiBr溶液的沸腾换热系数远低于纯水,并随浓度的增加而降低;溶液稳定沸腾再生对热源温度的要求并不高,LiBr溶液的沸腾温度,随着浓度的增加而升高;溶液沸腾换热机理较单一组分液体沸腾更为复杂,有待进一步深入研究。     

NiTi形状记忆合金相变过程中的超声波声速特性

用超声脉冲反射法测试了NiTi形状记忆合金（SMA）在相变过程中的纵波声速,研究了合金声速随温度变化的规律。结果表明：在非相变温度范围内,NiTi合金声速随温度缓慢变化,但在发生相变的温度范围内,声速的变化趋势发生明显改变;测得NiTi合金的各相变温度与常规电阻法基本一致,与电阻法等其他测量相变温度的方法相比,纵波声速法具有简单易行、测量方便以及对工件无损伤等优点。     

温度、浓度对水/乙醇混合溶剂中壳聚糖溶液黏度的影响

研究了溶解于水/乙醇混合溶剂中的壳聚糖溶液黏度随温度和浓度的变化规律。混合溶剂中,乙醇是壳聚糖的不良溶剂,而水是壳聚糖的良溶剂,将乙醇与水按一定比例混合,再加入1%的乙酸,配制成水/乙醇混合溶剂。实验使用乌氏黏度计测量溶液黏度,通过分析黏度随温度、浓度的变化规律,揭示了混合溶剂对壳聚糖溶液黏度的影响规律。研究发现,壳聚糖溶液黏度随着温度的升高而降低;恒定温度,壳聚糖溶液黏度随浓度的增加而增加。而随着温度的升高,壳聚糖在良溶剂中产生的增比黏度变化率要比其在不良溶剂中高;随着浓度的增加,壳聚糖溶液产生的增比黏度的变化率也相应增加。当浓度极稀时,壳聚糖溶液的(ηsp/C)/C曲线会出现反常现象——体系黏度随着浓度的减小而急剧上升。     

液相电沉积技术制备n-型铋碲纳米线阵列温差电材料

对铋碲合金电沉积过程进行了研究,并分析了温度和硝酸浓度对铋碲共沉积的影响.结果表明,Bi³⁺和HTeO₂⁺合溶液中的电沉积是分阶段进行的.溶液中HTeO₂⁺的存在阻碍了Bi³⁺的电沉积.铋碲共沉积的速度随温度的升高以及溶液中硝酸浓度的增加而加速.实验中还研究了沉积电位对铋碲组成的影响.采用ESEM分析了铋碲纳米线阵列温差电材料的形貌.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.