An adaptive window function method for power measurement

An adaptive window function for distorted power measurement is introduced in this paper. It can automatically provide the optimal window function according to the measured signal. Thus, the applied window function is always optimal in the sense of the zeros of its frequency response corresponding to the undesired measured signal spectrum components which will result in the harmful truncation errors. As a result, the harmful truncation errors of asynchronous sampling and the influence of interharmonics in the measured signal spectrum can be totally eliminated. The correctness, accuracy, and applicability of the proposed method have been verified both theoretically and by extensive simulations     

真空状态对布儒斯特窗透射比影响的研究

介绍了测量真空状态对布儒斯特窗口透射比影响的装置,说明了其工作原理及测量过程,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,真空度对低温辐射计窗口透射比测量的影响与光功率测量的不确定度和透射比测量的复现性相比可忽略,在空气环境中对其进行测量的结果可以满足基于低温辐射计的测量要求。     

基于混合采样方法的交流功率转换器

提出了一种混合采样的交流功率转换器 ,叙述了该种采样功率测量的原理 ,推导了功率测量的算法和功率测量误差。通过计算机仿真 ,分析了量化误差对混合采样功率测量方法的影响。最后给出了采用 12 bitA D和D A转换器、频率范围为 4 5～ 6 5Hz时的功率测量实验数据 ,结果表明 :混合采样功率转换器的准确度为 3× 10 - 4,比数字采样方法的测量误差有明显的改善     

飞机表面划痕非接触测量仪的研究

介绍了一种飞机表面划痕非接触测量仪。它以激光三角传感器为主要组成部件，并附以机械扫描装置，可完成被测飞机表面划痕的非接触测量。在分析了被测表面散、反射特性的基础上，给出了激光三角传感器正确放置方式，并提出改善测量精度的传感器姿态调整法。针对浅划痕测量时噪声较大的特点，提出利用子波分析的方法突出被测划痕形貌的信号处理方法，实验表明了此方法的可行性。本测量仪具有非接触测量、测量范围大、精度高、结构简单、成本较低的特点。     

Adaptive sampling scheme for monitoring oscillations using Prony analysis

Monitoring generator oscillations using Prony analysis is an application that is being increasingly implemented using phasor measurement units (PMUs) data. Most of the existing literature for power system oscillations using Prony method report implementing fixed sampling window that is obtained following a systematic iterative approach taking into account potential disturbances. The fixed sampling technique, although simple to implement, does not optimise the data acquisition time. Moreover, sampling using inadequate intervals can potentially lead to errors during Prony analysis. In this study mathematical formulations are derived to show the effect of small and large sampling intervals. Further, a technique using condition number is proposed as a quality index for signalling the errors arising because of the choice of sampling interval. To facilitate an efficient monitoring rate, while still maintaining sufficient accuracy, an adaptive sampling scheme is proposed. This study demonstrates that the proposed scheme can potentially exhibit faster monitoring rate with acceptable accuracy during practical implementation.     

测试激光Raman分光计中超低杂散光的一种新方法

本文提出了一种利用高灵敏度的光子计数技术及中性滤光片分段减光方法去测试激光Raman分光计中超低杂散光的新方法。它不仅省去了大量级范围内光电检测系统线性检测与中性滤光片透过率标定的麻烦,提高了测试精度,而且实现了光强变化任意量级的杂散光测试,其测量限最终仪受激光功率大小的限制,获得了10~(-14)量级的杂散光测量限。     

Application of the differential calorimeter in magnetic measurements

Conclusions The calorimetric method of measuring losses in ferromagnetic materials can be used as a control method for checking the accuracy of measuring devices and for checking magnetic characteristics of materials at high frequencies under laboratory conditions (at plants producing magnetic materials) and in research institutes. This method is the most reliable when the voltage or current waveform are distorted, since the measurement results are almost completely independent of frequency.The differential calorimetric system provides measurements of small losses in ferromagnetic materials at high frequencies with great precision. Measurements of a power greater than 5 mw in a stable state condition and a completely balanced system can be made with an accuracy of the order of ± 1%. The sensitivity at the same time can be sufficiently high (the threshold of sensitivity in our case amounts to approximately 0.005 mv).     

准同步窗及其在高精度失真度测量中的应用

主要介绍了准同步窗方法及其在失真度测量中的应用情况。该方法有效地降低了基于DFT失真度测量方法中非整周期采样引起的频谱泄漏对测量的影响,实验结果表明该方法有效地提高了失真度测量的准确度。     

智能仪器测量信号功率的不确定度评定模型

针对基于交流采样原理的智能仪器，提出一种新的测量不确定度评定模型。以信号功率测量为例，受硬件条件以及信号频率波动的影响，无法确保同步采样，利用已有测量算法将使测量结果出现误差。将该误差视为系统效应，通过近似处理，提出简单且实用的修正算法。将测量过程中的量化噪声、信号传输中的干扰当作具有已知分布特征的随机变量，利用统计方法，并依据测量不确定度传播定律，评定了经修正算法修正后的测量结果的不确定度。这种先修正系统效应、再评定随机因素造成不确定度的模型，更符合测量过程的实际情况。物理实验和仿真计算均验证了所得结论的有效性。     

Domain-specific Gaussian process-based intelligent sampling for inspection planning of complex surfaces

Precision measurement of complex surfaces requires intensive sampling for fully characterising the surface geometry and reducing the measurement uncertainty, which is, however, less efficient when the data are costly to acquire. This paper presents a Gaussian process (GP)-based intelligent sampling method for achieving well balance between the measurement efficiency and accuracy. The method makes use of GP to model the surface with domain-specific composite covariance kernel functions. The statistical nature of the GP makes it capable of giving credibility to the arbitrary prediction over the entire established model which can be used in a critical criterion to perform intelligent sampling of the surfaces. The method is independent from the coordinate frames, which makes the sampling plan easily utilised without accurate pre-positioning in actual measurement. The effectiveness of the method is verified through a series of comparison study and actual application in measuring a multi-scaled complex mould insert on coordinate measuring machine.     

Quasi-synchronous sampling algorithm and its applications

Synchronous sampling is a commonly used method with good performance. However, when perfect synchronization is impossible, or when the signal contains interharmonics, undesirable asynchronous deviations between the sampling and some components of the signal may exist. Consequently, possibly large leakage or truncation errors may occur. Consisting of a quasi-synchronous window to reduce the long-range leakage, and a compensation algorithm to reduce the short-range leakage after normal FFT, the method described in this paper will give much more accurate measurement of many electrical quantities, e.g., spectral content of signal and phase difference between two periodic signals in power networks, than the traditional one     

脱硫塔内雾粒测定仪及其测试技术研究

叙述了雾粒粒径测试仪器的设计原理及为进入塔内测试的结构特点。讨论了有关的测试技术问题，特别对仪器动态测试稳定性问题进行了讨论，还对直接影响信号真实度的采样窗口设定问题进行了讨论。文中还讨论用多闪拟合逼近法对雾粒多峰分布的信号进行分析的方法。最后还介绍并讨论了脱硫塔雾场测试的结果，通过一万多小时的实际运行，证实了所测结果的正确性。     

A Direct Measurement Method of Frequency Responses of the Smart Power IC

Smart power ICs are widely used in universal input power supplies. This paper presents a detailed analysis and scheme design for real-time small-signal modeling method for smart power IC. First, in this method, the switching duty cycle is converted into a voltage output signal based on the operational characteristics of the power IC. The power IC's frequency response is then obtained by measuring the duty cycle output signal and the power IC's control input signal. The modeling system is referred to as sampling the duty cycle of the power IC with a zero-order hold output. Using least-square identification, the smart power IC's dynamic model and transfer function are synthesized from the measurement data. The results of the modeling experiment are discussed, and practical guidelines and error amplifier (EA) design examples are presented for both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (CCM and DCM). The effectiveness and practicality are verified through experiments.      

基于约瑟夫森量子电压的交流功率测量系统及方法研究

基于约瑟夫森量子电压标准设计了交流功率差分测量系统。通过分析差分采样系统的误差分布及误差传递函数,提出换向差分测量方法,减小了差分采样系统的增益误差,提高了电压幅值测量准确度;通过分析衰减系数η,证明了采用换向差分测量较容易实现10-7量级电压幅值测量。通过评估差分采样系统零相位,结果证明了差分采样系统具有较好的相位测量稳定性。分析了交流功率差分测量系统的不确定度分量,评估了功率因数为1.0,0.5 L和0.5 C时的功率测量不确定度,通过与国家交流功率基准装置进行实验比对,证明了基于约瑟夫森量子电压交流功率测量系统不确定度评估的合理性。     

High precision phase measurement using adaptive sampling

The conventional phase measurement techniques introduce error in the phase when the input signals are distorted by harmonics. A novel technique, known as adaptive sampling, for high-precision phase measurement is introduced. A digital signal-processing approach is used in this technique. The maximum sampling rate required for this technique is h+2 samples/cycle of the input signals, i.e. (h+2) f sampless, where h, is the highest harmonic present in the signals and f is the fundamental frequency of the signals. This sampling rate is way below the Nyquist sampling rate (more than 2hf samples/s) when h is a large number. In the adaptive sampling technique the sampling rate is started from three samples/cycle and then is gradually increased until the phase is correctly measured. This phase measurement technique has been verified using synthesized signals     

Measurement station performance optimization for testing of highefficiency variable speed drives

In efficiency measurements of high performance variable speed drives, it is necessary to perform power measurement on distorted signals with low uncertainty. This involves the adoption of a suitable equipment and an adequate measurement technique. In this paper, a measurement station for digital efficiency measurements on high and low power electrical drives is described. A systematic approach to uncertainty evaluation and a performance optimization criterion are proposed for the automatic measurement station designed for the testing of high efficiency variable speed drives     

Complementary filter design for testing of IS-95 code divisionmultiple access wireless communication systems

In this paper, a simple design of a complementary filter is presented for performance measurement of an IS-95 code division multiple access wireless communication system (1995). The complementary filter is required to meet the design requirements, which are specified in IS-97 document (1994). The purpose of employing the complementary filter in test equipment is to remove intersymbol interference introduced by the base station transmit-filter and the transmit-phase equalizer. Five window functions, which do not affect the desirable response at the proper sampling times, are applied to the desirable output. The output of a window Is set to be the output of the complementary filter. Then, the complementary filter is obtained by taking a deconvolution of the output response of the window with the impulse response resulted by cascading the base station transmit-filter and the transmit-equalizer. It is found that the output of the complementary filter with the Kaiser window function meets all requirements specified in IS-97. In addition, it is observed that the Kaiser window has the smallest number of the filter coefficients among all windows considered in this paper. Therefore, the complementary filter with the Kaiser window is recommended for implementation of the IS-95 system measurement     

固态微波功率器件测量夹具及其校准技术研究

固态微波功率器件由于其封装形式的特殊性,测量过程中必须引入测量夹具作为桥梁,才能完成接口形式的转换,进而开展测试工作。针对固态微波功率器件微波电参数在测试中,测量夹具给测量结果带来影响的问题,对固态微波功率器件测量夹具及其校准技术进行了研究。文章介绍了采用TRL校准方法,并利用矢量网络分析仪的误差修正功能来去除测量夹具误差,从而得到被测器件的真实性能参数。通过具体试验数据表明,对测量夹具的校准和误差的去除是可行有效的,从而可以在测量结果中去除测量夹具的影响而得到被测器件的"净"参数。     

Measuring power system harmonics and interharmonics by an improved fast Fourier transform-based algorithm

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been widely used for the signal processing because of its computational efficiency. Because of the spectral leakage and picket-fence effects associated with the system fundamental frequency variation and improperly selected sampling time window, a direct application of the FFT algorithm with a constant sampling rate may lead to inaccurate results for continuously measuring power system harmonics and interharmonics. An improved FFT-based algorithm to measure harmonics and interharmonics accurately is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, a frequency-domain interpolation approach is adopted to determine the system fundamental frequency, and the interpolatory polynomial method is applied to reconstruct the sampled time-domain signal; it is followed by using the FFT to calculate the actual harmonic components. Then, the frequency-domain interpolation is again applied to find the interharmonic components. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by testing the actual measured waveforms. Results are compared with those obtained by directly applying a typical FFT algorithm and by the IEC grouping method. It shows that the solutions determined by the proposed algorithm are more accurate, and a reasonable computational efficiency is maintained.     

跟踪测量视频的高精度同步采集系统

设计了一种无损实时跟踪测量视频和测控数据同步采集系统。根据测控信息同步信号及其对视频采集时刻的规定,以测控信息采集卡上高精度定时器为时钟,由视频采集卡通过软件修正摄像机曝光信号,实现对曝光时刻的精密调节。采用高速总线实现数据无失真存储和转储、AVI技术组织文件,充分利用了测量视频图像空间。