形状记忆Fe－Mn－Si合金中马氏体相变和扭转形变的恢复

研究了Ｆｅ－２９．４４Ｍｎ－６．２０Ｓｉ合金中的γ　ε相变和顺磁性反铁磁性转变（以下简称磁转变）。用电阻测量跟踪了此过程。用ｘ射线衍射法（ＸＲＤ）作了相分析。硅急剧增加六方相的电阻率，ε→γ相变表现为电阻降低，γ→ε转变表现为电阻升高。ＸＲＤ表明，淬火后样品中除γ相外有少量六方ε相。扭转形变恢复率与形变量和形变前有无热诱发马氏体存在有很大关系。     

形状记忆Fe—Mn—Si合金中马氏体相变和扭转形变的恢复

研究了Ｆｅ－２９．４４Ｍｎ－６．２０Ｓｉ合金中的ｒ→←ε相变和顺磁性→→反铁磁性转变（以下简称磁转变）。用电阻测量跟踪了此过程。用Ｘ射线珩射法（ＸＲＤ０作了相分析。硅急剧增加六方相的电阻率，ε→ｒ相变表现为电阻降低，ｒ→ε转变表现为电阻升高。ＸＲＤ表明，淬火后样品除ｒ相外有少量六方ε相。扭转形变恢复率与形变量和形变前无热诱发马氏体存在有很大关系。     

预变形温度对Fe—Mn—Si—Ni—Cr合金形状记忆效应及γ←→ε转变的影响

研究了不同预变形温度下Ｆｅ－２５Ｍｎ－４Ｓｉ－２Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ合金的形状记忆效应和γ←→转变。结果表明，在２０３Ｋ进行预变形可以获得最大形状恢复率；适当降低预变形温度有利于应国诱发马氏体转变和形状忘儿应；但在７７Ｋ进行６％的预变形会使ε马氏体交割处产生全位错，不利于逆转变和形状记忆效应。     

部分循环对FeMnSi基合金形状记忆效应的研究

用Ｘ射线衍射及热膨胀法研究了预应变量为３％的两种ＦｅＭｎＳｉ形状记忆合金在室温－４５００℃区间加热时形状恢复量ε－马氏体量随温度的变化，结果表明ε－马氏体在晶体中处于不同的能量状态，４５０℃加热后仍有部分应力诱发ε马氏体没有转变，这是该系列合金形状不能完全恢复的原因之一；     

部分循环对FeMnSi基合金形状记忆效应的研究

用Ｘ射线衍射及热膨胀法研究了预应变量为３％的两种ＦｅＭｎＳｉ形状记忆合金在室温—４５０℃区间加热时形状恢复量及ε－马氏体量随温度的变化，结果表明ε马氏体在晶体中处于不同的能量状态，４５０℃加热后仍有部分应力诱发ε马氏体没有转变，这是该系列合金形状不能完全恢复的原因之一；同时发现，预应变后，合金中贮存弹性内应力，使得在Ａｓ～Ａｆ之间同一温度区间膨胀、收缩系数不同。     

形变对Fe－30Mn－6Si基合金形状记忆效应的影响及其机理研究

本文用膨胀法比较了Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ合金在拉伸应变下纵向（沿拉伸方向）和横向（垂直拉伸方向）恢复率的不同；研究了预应变对纵向恢复量，恢复率以及Ａ_ｓ，Ａ_ｆ的影响；还用一个大应变量下的样品在Ａ_ｓ和Ａ_ｆ范围内的不同温度区间进行了加热和冷却循环试验，得到了一些很有意义的信息。用正电子湮灭方法研究了Ｆｅ－３０ＭＤ－６Ｓｉ，Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－５Ｃｒ合金时效和非时效样品拉伸预应变量对合金中缺陷量，缺陷密度，γ→ε相变量等的影响。     

Fe－Mn－Si－Ni－Co合金中形变应力诱发ε马氏体的稳定化及其对记忆效应的影响

Ｆｅ－２５．６Ｍｎ－５．１Ｓｉ－４．１Ｎｉ－１．８Ｃｏ（ｗｔ％）合金在一８０℃变形时，可逆应变量ε＿ｒ随预应变量ε＿ｔ增大而迅速增大；当ε＿ｔ＞２．５％，增大速度减慢；当４．２％＜ε＿ｔ＜１０．８％，ε＿ｒ基本保持恒定值。逆相变温度Ａ＿ｆ随ε＿ｔ增大而连续升高，但Ａ＿ｓ不随ε＿ｔ变化。应力诱发ε马氏体及其逆相变后的残留显微组织分析表明，应力诱发ε马氏体片在形成过程中因相互交叉产生塑性变形，引起稳定化，是引起多晶Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ系合金可逆应变量低的一个重要原因。文中还讨论了应力诱发ε马氏体稳定化的特点及可能的改善途径。     

Fe—17Mn—10Cr—5Si—4Ni合金低温应力诱发相变特点及其形状记？…

用Ｘ射线衍射分析、显微组织观察等研究了Ｆｅ－１７Ｍｎ－１０Ｃｒ－５Ｓｉ－４Ｎｉ合金在低温（低于室温）下应力诱发相变的特点及其形状记忆效应。合金在室温拉伸变形时,当应变量超过５％由于应力诱发ε马氏体的相变作用而形成的α′马氏体;当变形温度低于室温时应力优先诱发γ－α′马氏体转变。正是这种应力诱发相应特征的转变使合金的形状记忆效应在室温以下出现奇特低谷。     

Ce—TZP陶瓷的磨削应力诱发马氏体相变

用磨削方法促成８，１０，１２Ｃｅ－ＴＺＰ及Ｙ２Ｏ３含量不同的Ｙ－８Ｃｅ－ＴＺＰ中的ｔ→ｍ相变，用ＸＲＤ作定量分析，讨论了成分及摩擦力对ＴＺＰ陶瓷中马氏体相变的影响，证明磨削应力正比于应力诱发单斜相的增量ｍσ而ＣｅＯ２及Ｙ２Ｏ３含量对Ｍσ的影响则有一极大值的关系；对照材料相应的断裂韧性，表明ｍσ与ＫＩＣ变化的一致性，进一步证实了ＴＺＰ陶瓷应力诱发相变增韧的本质。     

Fe基SMA中马氏体随温度变化规律的研究

对Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－５Ｃｒ合金热处理过程中ε－氏体量及形状恢复量随温度变化的研究结果表明：应力诱发ε－马氏体较热诱发马氏体对应更高的转变温度，４５０℃回火热马氏体全部逆转变，应力诱发马氏体则部分残留在基体中、这是该系列合金形状恢复量低的原因之一。     

A Comparative Study on Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Mn-Si and Fe-Mn-Si-Cr Alloys

In this study, the crystal structure and magnetic properties of Fe-30Mn-6Si (wt.%) and Fe-30Mn-6Si-5Cr (wt.%) alloys were compared by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) measurements. Detailed analysis of diffractograms at room temperature demonstrates that the Cr-free sample contains austenite and martensite phases, but for Cr-added sample the martensite phase disappears. According to micro hardness measurements, the presence of chromium decreased the hardness of the alloy. The magnetic saturation values at room temperature were measured as 11.32 emu/g for Fe-30Mn-6Si (wt.%) alloy and 18.34 emu/g for Fe-30Mn-6Si-5Cr (wt.%) alloy. The addition of Cr increased the magnetic saturation value of FeMnSi alloy while for both systems the hysteresis loop was quite narrow. As a result, both alloys exhibited soft magnetic characteristic.     

Processing of nanocrystalline FeAlX (X = Ni, Mn) intermetallics using a mechanical alloying and hot pressing techniques

Fe-40Al-40Ni-20 and Fe-40Al-40Mn-20 (all in at.%) intermetallics were mechanically alloyed for 40 h and followed by hot-pressing at 650°C under 450 MPa for 1 h. As resulted from the X-ray diffraction studies, the ordered B2 structure was formed in the Fe-40Al-40Ni-20 alloy while in the case of Fe-40Al-40Mn-20 alloy, the disordered Fe(Al) solid solution was observed. The chemically homogenous rounded particles of size of about 5 μm were identified using scanning analytical electron microscopy in alloys after 40 h of milling. TEM studies of milled powders revealed a nanostructure in both alloys with grain size of about 20 nm. The hot pressing process of milled powders allowed to obtain compacts with the density of about 87 and 89% of the theoretical one for Fe-40Al-40Mn-20 and Fe-40Al-40Ni-20 alloys, respectively. The micro-hardness measurements have shown that the alloy with the Ni addition possesses the hardness of about 1200 HV₂₀, whereas in the alloy with the Mn addition it is 1100 HV₂₀. The TEM investigations allowed to identify a nanocrystalline structure of compacts with a mean grain size below 50 nm, with B2 ordered structure in both alloys.     

Cavitation erosion resistance of Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu shape memory alloy

Abstract

The cavitation erosion of low stacking fault energy Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu shape memory alloy has been investigated in water using an ultrasonic vibratory apparatus, and compared with the behaviour of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel. It is shown that Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu alloy has higher cavitation erosion resistance than 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel. The cavitation erosion mechanism of Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu was studied by examining the eroded surface using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During early stages of cavitation erosion, Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu alloy undergoes strain induced martensitic transformation. Exposure to further cavitation results in the deformation of ? martensite. The boundaries of ? martensite impede plastic deformation, leading to strain accumulation and subsequent material removal. On the basis of an XRD study and indentation tests, the better cavitaton erosion resistance of Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu alloy is mainly ascribed to strain induced martensitic transformation, which can absorb impact energy without damage.     

微量Cu和形变热处理对Al-Fe合金性能的影响

观察Al-Fe合金的显微组织并测量其力学性能和导电性能,研究了Cu元素和形变热处理对其性能的影响。结果表明：在铸态Al-Fe-Cu合金组织中,Cu元素在基体内均匀分布,而Fe元素在晶界处偏析;挤压态的Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu合金其性能最优：导电率为59.90%IACS,抗拉强度为108 MPa,硬度为31.2HV;随着退火温度的提高Al-0.7Fe-0.2Cu合金的抗拉强度急剧降低,在400℃退火时其抗拉强度最低(100 MPa),伸长率最高(31.3%);在250℃退火时导电率出现峰值(62.61%IACS)。在退火Al-0.7Cu-0.2Cu合金中有许多细小针状的θ(Al₂Cu)相析出,并与位错交互缠结。随着退火温度的提高合金中的位错密度降低,晶粒细化。     

Effect of manganese on the oxidation of Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys

The effects of manganese on the oxidation of alloys with the chemical composition (wt%) Fe-5AAl-1.5Mn-0.58C and Fe-5.3Al-3.5Mn-0.53C at 600, 800 and 1000° C in dry air were investigated. Kinetic curves were determined by thermogravimetric analyses. Optical metallography and electron probe microanalysis were used to examine the oxide scales. The kinetic curves of Fe-5.4Al-1.5Mn-0.58C alloy oxidized at 600, 800 and 1000° C had simple, three- and two-stage parabolic rate laws, respectively. On the other hand, two stages of linear rate law were observed in Fe-53Al-3ZMn-0.53C alloy when oxidized at 600° C, while two distinct parabolic rate laws were found in the same alloy oxidized at 800 and 1000° C. Oxidation behaviours and the oxide formation mechanisms of the alloys at different temperatures are discussed in this paper.     

Creep of low-activated Fe-12Cr-20Mn-1W austenitic corrosion-resisting steel

Conclusions 1. Creep resistance of the Fe-12Cr-20Mn-1W steel, containing 0.1-0.26 wt. % C and also small additions of Ti, B, and P in the range 823–973 K is similar to the creep resistance of the Fe-Cr-NI steels of the 304 type, 800 alloy, and also the Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni steel of the ÉP838 type.2. An increase of the carbon content in the range 0.1–0.26 wt. % in the Fe-12Cr-20Mn-1W alloys slightly reduces the minimum creep rate 873 K and does not effect this parameter at 973 K.3. The efficiency of the effect of carbon on the minimum creep rate of the Fe-12Cr-20Mn-1W steels is evidently lower than the 800 alloy.Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 81–85, March–April, 1993.     

Fe-36Ni高温高应变率动态力学性能及其本构关系

为研究Fe-36Ni因瓦合金的动态力学性能及其本构关系,在20～800℃和10-3～104 s-1的应变率内,采用电子万能试验机和高温分离式霍普金森压杆分别对Fe-36Ni因瓦合金进行准静态实验和动态压缩实验,得到其高温、高应变率下的应力-应变曲线.结果表明,Fe-36Ni因瓦合金的流动应力表现出较强的应变率和温度敏感性,随着应变率的增大而增大,随着温度的升高而减小.采用改进应变率项和温度项的Johnson-Cook本构方程拟合了Fe-36Ni因瓦合金在高温、高应变率下的动态塑性本构关系,拟合结果与试验数据吻合很好.     

Fe-25Mn-6Si-7Cr形状记忆合金在含沙多相流中的损伤行为

测量Fe-25Mn-6Si-7Cr形状记忆合金在含沙多相流中的损伤抗力,研究了失效机制和损伤抗力的控制因素,并与水轮机叶片用不锈钢0Cr13Ni5Mo进行了对比.结果表明,Fe-25Mn-6Si-7Cr形状记忆合金在含沙多相流中的失效机制主要是泥沙犁削,其损伤抗力因高的局域弹性和高的犁削抗力而优于不锈钢0Cr13Ni5Mo,局域弹性高是其损伤破坏速度效应低和空蚀与泥沙冲刷磨损交互作用小的根本原因.     

Fe-36%Ni软磁合金电沉积条件的研究

采用电沉积法制备Fe-36%Ni软磁合金薄膜,通过正交实验方法研究了Fe2 /Ni2 摩尔比、镀液pH值、电流密度、镀液温度与合金中铁含量的关系,用极差法分析了各工艺参数对Fe-Ni合金薄膜成分影响的显著性,并确定了最佳工艺条件.优化验证实验结果表明,所得合金薄膜光亮、致密、外观平整,合金薄膜中Fe含量为64.99%(质量分数),Ni含量为35.01%(质量分数),其饱和磁通密度(Bs)0.84T,剩余磁通密度(Br)0.27T,矫顽力(Hc)65A/m.     

Effect of thermomechanical treatment on the properties of Fe-11Al and Fe-14Al alloys

Fe-Al alloys have the potential to be relatively inexpensive soft magnetic materials if their formability could be improved. An investigation has been made on the effect of thermomechanical treatment on the properties of Fe-11 wt%Al and Fe-14 wt%Al alloys (designated Fe-11Al and Fe-14Al respectively). For the former the room temperature mechanical properties were found to be determined principally by the recrystallised grain size. A good combination of properties for Fe-11Al, i.e. high strength and ductility, was obtained when the grain size was less than about 100 m. The small grain size was produced by warm rolling at 600°C followed by 1 hour annealing at 600–700°C. On the other hand hot rolling followed by annealing resulted in large grain size, hence rendered the alloy brittle. The cold formability also exhibited a grain size dependence, with the Fe-11Al alloy with a fine recrystallised grain size having good cold rollability. In contrast Fe-14Al was brittle irrespective of the treatment given; ductility of less than 1% was observed in all cases and the cold rollability was limited. Ordering was not seen to be a factor affecting the observed mechanical properties and rollability of either alloy as all the thermomechanical treatments, other than an ordering treatment of 500 hours at 400°C, resulted in a disordered structure. The stress required to work these alloys at elevated temperatures were estimated from compression tests and it is apparent that for Fe-11Al the stress is greatly reduced (50%) from the room temperature value at 600°C and that at 750°C both alloys required a similar stress which was about 15% of the room temperature value. The magnetic properties of Fe-11Al compared favourably with Fe-14Al; the former has a higher saturation induction, a similar coercive force but a lower permeability than Fe-14Al.