水声瞬态信号的幅度估计

1.引言 水面舰、潜艇及鱼雷等水声运动目标的瞬态信号波形虽然比较复杂,但其包络有一定的规律或一定的趋势,所以包络分析[1]是水声瞬态信号分析的一种常用方法.本文根据水声瞬态信号包络的统计特性,通过对接收信号的统计处理和相对拟合优度选择,以估计出受噪声污染的瞬态信号的包络.并进行了仿真信号的包络估计,取得了较好的效果.     

基于小波分析的复合瞬态水声信号的特征描述

1.背景介绍 由于海洋声场的复杂性,水声信号往往异常复杂,相应地,水声信号处理也是信号处理领域中一个具有挑战性的研究方向.水声信号处理中,爆炸声是经常遇到的一种信号.这是因为在确定海洋声场特性时,总需要一个宽带的主动信号源,该信号经过传播后的频散结果就携带了关于传播环境的丰富信息.     

矢量传感器线列阵波束域MUSIC方位估计

在研究矢量传感器阵列目标估计基础上,本文首次在矢量传感器阵列处理领域将矢量阵波束形成与波束域目标估计算法结合起来,实现了高精度目标方位估计,与常规阵元域和波束域方法相比,提高了多目标估计性能,增大了阵列输出增益,大大减小了计算量.仿真验证了本算法的优越性.     

Analysis of Parameters for Smoothing Electrocardiographic Signals

Measurement Techniques - The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of smoothing of ECG signal against the background of electromyographic distortions of various magnitude. The...     

超声声表面波检测信号时差的倒频谱分析

采用超声表面波检测激光熔覆层残余应力时, 表面波检测信号声时差的精确读取非常关键。传统的相关法无法精确地辨别表面超声波的声时差。文中提出基于复数倒频谱的表面超声波声时差辨别算法,采用该算法对计算机模拟信号和实际检测信号做了声时差分析,并与相关法的时间分析结果做了对比。计算机模拟和实验结果均表明,倒频谱分析方法是一种精度高,具有一定抗干扰能力的声时差估计算法。最后结合表面超声波检测信号的特点,从理论上分析了倒频谱分析方法优于相关法的原因。     

Acoustic Spectroscopy of Superfluid 3He in Aerogel in the Presence of a Magnetic Field

We have constructed a silver alloy cell to investigate low frequency sound propagation in ³ He-filled aerogel at various magnetic fields. In this apparatus, two sound modes were observed in the superfluid phase. We observed both the first sound-like mode (fast mode) which is a compression wave also seen in the normal state and the second sound-like mode (slow mode) which is attributed to the out-of-phase oscillation of the superfluid and normal components of ³ He clamped to the aerogel matrix. The values of T_c and _s can be extracted from the analysis of these two modes. In addition, a Helmholtz resonance provides an in-situ signature of the bulk superfluid transition and allows us to also determine the bulk _s. By measuring these quantities over a range of applied magnetic fields we hope to explore the P, T, H phase diagram of ³ He in aerogel.     

水声材料声性能自由场测量技术研究

本文提出了一种新的大面积水声无源材料声学性能测量技术,可以在小型消声水池中测量大面积材料的某些声学性能随频率变化规律。材料样品的典型尺寸为１０００ ｍ ｍ ×１０００ ｍ ｍ 左右,目前的测量频率范围为２ ．５ ～２０ｋ Ｈｚ,测量参数包括反射系数（ 回声降低） ,透射系数（ 插入损失） 等。对标准样品进行了性能测量,测量结果和平面波理论模型计算值有较好的吻合,表明该技术有很好的发展潜力     

Estimation of Remaining Useful Life of Slow Speed Bearings Using Acoustic Emission Signals

Various direct and indirect sensing methods for machine condition monitoring have been reported in the literature. Among these methods, acoustic emission technique is one of the effective means of monitoring rolling element bearings during industrial processes. Today, many machines use computerized classification in a wide range of applications. Further, recent developments indicate the drive towards integration of diagnosis and prognosis algorithms in future integrated machine health management systems. With this in mind, this paper concentrates on the estimation of the remaining useful life for bearings whilst in operation. To implement this, a linear regression classifier and multilayer artificial neural network model have been proposed to correlate the selected AE features with corresponding bearing wear throughout laboratory experiments. Results showed that the proposed models exhibit good prediction performance. This paper also presents the use of a new representative fault indicator, signal intensity estimator, employed for AE signals originating from natural degradation of slow speed rolling element bearings. It is concluded that the obtained results were promising and selecting this appropriate signal processing technique can significantly affect the defect identification.     

结构声辐射计算的边界无网格法

研究函数有限维逼近插值形函数的一般要求,介绍采用移动最小二乘构建无网格插值形函数的方法与步骤;通过配点法将Kirchhoff-Helmholtz边界积分方程离散为受边界条件约束的线性方程组;最后通过分块矩阵法求解约束方程组,得到离散后的声辐射传输模型数值表达式。在计算实例中,分别用边界无网格法和边界元法建立声辐射传输模型进行声场计算,计算声场值与解析值相对比的结果表明,由于边界无网格法插值形函数根据求解情况自行构建,因此更灵活,具有更高的插值和计算精度。     

一种水声声速的时频测量综合算法研究

针对飞行时间测量法中信号起振点难以检测而导致的测量误差问题,提出了一种基于时频的综合测量算法,以获得高精度超声波声速。首先运用信号时域互相关法,测量声波飞行的整周期时间;再利用信号频域信息中相位差,获得超声传播群延时信息;最终通过时域与频域综合信息获得高精度的飞行时间测量,从而提高声速的测量精度。声速测量平台采用“FPGA+微处理器”架构,对提出的方法进行验证,实测数据结果表明该声速时频测量算法有效,并具有较好的实用价值。     

Optimal Wave-front Reconstruction for a Coherent Diffracted Field

Phase differences in the far field of a coherently illuminated object are used to estimate the two-dimensional phase in the measurement plane of an imaging system. A previously derived phase-correlation function is used in a minimum-variance phase-estimation algorithm to map phase-difference measurements optimally to estimates of the phase on a grid of points in the measurement plane. Theoretical and computer-simulation comparisons between the minimum-variance phase estimator and conventional least-squares estimators are made. The minimum-variance phase estimator produces a lower aperture-averaged mean-square phase error for all values of a sampling parameter beta.     

一种新型水声反声材料的研究

研究了一种新型结构的水声反声材料。试验结果表明,该材料在常压下2～20kHz的频率范围内声压反射系数均在0.85以上,具有一定的应用价值。     

水声材料低频声性能的驻波管测量

介绍一种用于水声材料低频声性能测量的驻波管测试系统。该系统采用双水听器传递函数法来测量材料样品在背衬下的低频反射系数 ,测量频率低于 1kHz,管子的内径为 85mm。文中首先对测量方法和系统构成作必要的说明 ,然后对水 空气自由界面的反射系数进行测量来验证本系统的测量方法 ,通过对均匀橡胶材料样品的测量 ,分析了系统的测量不确定度     

空间散射电磁波的波达方向估计

基于均匀圆阵，提出一种空间散射电磁波的波达方向估计方法。直接利用均匀圆阵的阵列流形，采用最小二乘算法估计二维方向角，并且分析了最小二乘估计算法的数值稳定性。此方法充分利用了均匀圆阵的良好性能，对信号类型具有鲁棒性。计算机仿真证明了此方法的有效性。     

先进复合材料的声学特性及其在水声工程中的应用

通过理论计算及试验，研究了碳纤维增强复合材料（ＣＦＲＰ），芳纶纤维增强复合材料（ＫＦＲＰ）的基本声学性能，分析了其作为水声结构材料在水声工程中应用的可能性及其特点。尤其指出了先进复合材料作为声纳导流罩透声窗材料的现实意义。     

Convective and Absolute Instability in the Incompressible Boundary Layer on a Rotating Disk in the Presence of a Uniform Magnetic Field

The stability of a conducting fluid flow over a rotating disk with a uniform magnetic field applied normal to the disk, is investigated. It is assumed that the magnetic field is unaffected by the motion of the fluid. The mean flow and linear stability equations are solved for a range of magnetic field-strength parameters and the absolute/convective nature of the stability is investigated. It is found that increasing the magnetic field parameter is in general stabilizing.     

RAKE接收在水声通信中的应用

在水声通信系统中,多径干扰是其实现的最为关键的难题.而扩频技术,特别是直接序列扩频技术有很好的抗多径特性,利用它来减小或是消除多径干扰是一种非常有效的方法.     

组合传感器在水声通信中的应用

1.引言 由于水下防卫和民用海洋开发日益增长的需求,水声通信在近几年得到了较快的发展.直到最近,分集接收和自适应处理技术一直是抵抗信道衰落的主要方法,但其效果并不理想[1].组合传感器(矢量水听器)的出现为解决这一问题提供了新的途径,与传统的声压水听器相比,组合传感收器可同时、共点测量声场中的声压和三个正交方向的振速信息,而且组合传感器具有与频率无关的自然指向性.本文提出了一种基于组合传感器的声压和振速联合处理的抗信道多途衰落的方法.仿真结果表明该方法可抑制信道衰落和降低误码率.     

水声材料小样品声学性能不同测试方法比较

介绍了水声材料声学性能的3种不同的测试方法,通过对同种样品的性能测试,分析了不同测试方法的优缺点。结果表明,与行波法相比,脉冲法和驻波法测试可靠性较高。