互联网与智能化时代的产品设计思维和方法研究

目的探寻与构建互联网与智能化时代的产品设计思维与方法。方法以新设计语境条件下产品自身概念的重新定义为切入点,通过论述互联网与泛载智能时代产品开发设计所需的设计、大数据、社群、场景、四大思维及其融合关系,来探讨区别于传统语境下产品开发设计的新流程与方法。结论在产品软硬件高度融合,泛载智能成为主流的情况下,以社群构建为核心的用户全流程参与式设计,以场景思维置入的方式来评估产品的商业应用潜能,以快速测试、反馈迭代来减少试错周期与成本,逐渐成为互联网与智能化时代下新产品开发设计的核心。     

产品设计集成创新程序与方法研究

目的通过对一个具体产品集成创新设计流程的分析,就产品设计集成创新中的几个重要环节的核心与关系进行研究,从而试图阐明集成创新在产品设计中的作用与流程。方法通过对城市扬尘处理设备创新设计过程的分析,对产品设计集成创新的特点进行分析并探索创新设计的方法。结论厘清产品设计创新的特点,阐述提升产品设计创新能力的重点是提升其集成创新的能力,提出了产品设计集成创新主要围绕技术、方法、思维与程序4个环节形成迭代循环的产品设计集成创新技术程序,并指出技术集成水平的高低是制约产品设计创新能力提升的关键因素。     

“互联网+”时代下健康理疗产品创新设计趋势研究

目的探索研究"互联网+"时代背景下,互联网思维和各种新技术对健康理疗产品创新设计的影响。方法通过文献综述和典型案例分析,从用户需求、产品进化、支撑技术和发展环境等方面,研究"互联网+"给健康理疗产品带来的影响,探讨新时代下该类产品的创新设计。结论 "互联网+"时代下,让用户参与创新、考虑模块化产品设计、共享健康大数据、进行个性化定制,是未来健康理疗产品创新设计的重要发展趋势。     

大数据在产品设计调研中的可应用性研究

目的大数据中蓄含着来自互联网活动及各式传感器等不断产生的无限量级别的数据资源。与此同时,产品设计前期调研过程需要大量的调研数据以作为产品后续设计的参考依据,因此这里着重论述其应用的可操作性及调研过程的框架。方法大数据具有无限性缺陷,而现有设计调研数据具有有限性缺陷,这里探讨一种新的结合方式,即将巨量的数据资源和现有调研中的思维方式相结合形成基于大数据的产品设计调研框架。结论通过论述大数据在产品设计调研阶段中的过程框架,论证大数据在设计调研中的应用可操作性,进而可将大数据中蕴含的巨大信息分析挖掘出来应用于设计中。     

迭代思维在产品设计中的转化应用研究

目的对迭代思维在产品设计过程中的转化应用进行研究。方法通过分析互联网产品开发案例,阐述迭代思维的定义和内涵,总结迭代思维引导互联网产品开发中的表现特征,并以表现特征为契机点,与实体产品设计过程中的方法进行类比和分析。结果提出迭代思维在产品设计过程中,转化应用时应遵循的相关原则,即"以用户为中心"、"共同创造"、"模块化生长"、"敏捷制造"、"长尾理论效应"。结论迭代思维有别于传统的造物思想和法则,将迭代思维转化应用于实体产品设计的过程中,可为产品设计提供新的思考方式及指导原则。     

基于“互联网+”的家用健身产品创新设计研究

目的探索"互联网+"背景下家用健身产品的创新设计方法。方法以"互联网+"为视角,针对家用健身产品的发展现状,归纳总结"互联网+"产品创新的特征,结合具体的设计实践提出"互联网+"在家用健身产品设计中的应用趋势和方法。结论运动场景情景化、人机交互数据可视化、健身方式娱乐化是"互联网+"时代家用健身产品设计发展的趋势。     

基于产品调性的互联网产品设计研究

目的研究基于产品调性的互联网产品设计。方法通过阐述产品调性的定义和内涵,指出了其对于用户情感归属、产品差异化和品牌识别的价值与意义,并对互联网产品的品牌、功能、交互、UI与文本这5个产品调性的体现要素进行了梳理与分析。结论提出了基于产品调性的互联网产品的3大设计策略,即确保用户情感归属与品牌内涵在产品调性中的统一,保证产品调性与各调性体现要素之间的横向一致性,以及坚持产品调性在产品迭代过程中的纵向一贯性。     

互联网思维下的传统工艺创新设计思考与探索

目的给处于发展瓶颈中的传统工艺企业和作坊提供创新发展思路。方法以西安美术学院设计系产品设计毕设作品"染着"扎染服务体验设计为例,通过对案例中的创新设计介绍与市场前景分析,从而得出传统工艺企业的创新设计中,需建立用户思维、重视产品体验思维及提高互联网属性思维。结论对于处于发展瓶颈的传统手工业企业与作坊来说,需要用互联网思维认识和思考企业发展的问题,积极拥抱互联网,通过创新性设计使得企业摆脱困境,焕发新生。     

创新扩散视野下颈椎枕的产品设计策略研究

目的 针对现有产品设计在功能创新与产品采纳等方面的问题,基于创新扩散理论,以产品的功能、观念等方面及迭代策略方法为研究对象,创造和优化颈椎枕产品设计方法。方法 以智能助眠颈椎枕产品设计为实验样本,从创新扩散理论视角归纳产品创新过程中的核心问题,将产品的设计及优化方向纳入核心功能、用户体验、应用场景创新等不同优化路径,并在用户群体中划分出具有强扩散倾向的用户群体,根据其需求制定不同迭代策略,从而获得不同优化策略的细分迭代产品并投放市场进行扩散检验。结果 将2类不同产品线的迭代产品进行交叉对比验证,发现了总采纳比原产品提升了15.8%。同时对潜在用户群体进行针对性扩散实验结果,显示出显著的扩散潜量边界突破的表达。结论 探索了以创新扩散为目标的设计思路,在颈椎枕产品优化设计中的应用。提出了“扩散特征表达需求,并驱动创新,而后影响创新采纳效果”的产品设计模式。证明了根据扩散过程的信息反馈进行的产品迭代,提升了用户的新增采纳概率和模仿采纳概率。同时验证了以创新扩散需求为导向的产品设计策略研究的可行性。     

基于逆向思维的产品创新设计思维探究

逆向思维是产品创新设计中的一种重要思维方式。本文通过对产品设计创新思维的分析，阐述了逆向思维是创新设计创新思维的刺激点，并提出了完全逆向、替代逆向与缺点逆向三种产品创新设计中的逆向思维方式。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.     

Possibilities of Decreasing the Errors of Determination of the Height of the Pole of a Sessile Drop of Melt

We analyze the possibilities of decreasing the errors of measuring the height of the pole of a sessile drop of melt above its equator by determining the position of the equator according to the midpoints of vertical chords of the image of the drop. The optimal distance between these chords and the edge of the image of the drop is chosen within 10–20% of the radius of the equator. The proposed method guarantees the same level of errors of evaluation of the height of the pole and the radius of the equator, which enables one to substantially increase the accuracy of evaluation of the capillary constant and the surface energy of the melt according to the geometric parameters of the sessile drop.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.