针尖增强拉曼系统高数值孔径物镜对焦方法研究

为提高针尖增强拉曼系统对焦准确性和效率,提出通过分析CCD相机拍摄的光斑图像的像素值实现自动对焦的方法。首先快速粗调焦缩小调焦范围,然后再慢速细调焦提高调焦精度。实验表明:与Tenengrad评价函数相比,方差评价函数更适用于针尖增强拉曼光谱测量系统自动对焦,聚焦到样品表面时对焦结果的无偏估计标准差<0.25μm,具有较高的重复性和鲁棒性;快速粗调焦可提高调焦效率,避免陷入局部最优解;慢速细调焦评价函数曲线在焦点附近呈现“M”形,可通过二次拟合提高调焦精度。     

基于无参考结构清晰度的自适应自动对焦方法

针对自动对焦系统,提出了一种基于单帧图像无参考结构清晰度的自适应变步长爬山搜索策略.该方法利用了无参考结构清晰度可提供的离焦量先验信息:当离焦量大时,大步距粗调快速逼近准焦位置;当离焦量小时,小步距微调准确定位准焦位置.该方法在不降低调焦精度的情况下,大大减少了自动对焦所需的图像数量和决策次数.实际系统实验结果表明,新...     

基于图像处理方法的自动调焦系统的研制

介绍了基于图像处理方法的自动调焦系统的组成、工作原理、硬件电路设计和软件设计.该系统的核心是图像处理部分和控制部分.导出了计算聚焦量的三个快速算法公式,优化了系统的实时性能.详细分析了自动调焦的控制过程,并提出了渐变步长的思想,提高了系统的控制精度.实验结果表明,在较宽范围的光照度条件下,应用该系统均能获得良好的调焦效果.     

专家坐堂

<正>Q:DC机有时候在超出相机聚焦范围的近摄距离上,对焦的主体已微微发虚,但对焦框却显示绿色合焦,拍出的片子对焦主体不实。请问这台相机的对焦指示是否有问题?A:一般的小DC机是靠LCD显示屏来取景对焦的,大部分相机在对焦不实时对焦框显示红色,对焦准确后对焦框显示绿色,在超出相机聚焦范围的拍摄距离上无     

微动系统启用新技术

微动系统正在推进在应用程序中使用的光学系统的性能和可用性，包括面部识别、虹膜扫描、DNA测试以及先进的医疗诊断。用于生物识别虹膜扫描，自动对焦为可变距离内快速捕获信息提供了一个快速增长的领域，并更快速、更少的检测失误，且具有很高的准确性。随着DNA分析、流式细胞仪术和其他先进的医疗诊断中显微射流技术的进步，运动系统响应需要精确校准的光学系统，并有能力将光线聚焦到探测器或图像传感器进行分析。     

提高显微镜自动对焦范围的频谱分析法的研究

提出了一种基于CCD(电荷耦合器件)模拟视频信号分析法的显微镜自动对焦改进方法.许多基于视频信号分析法的自动对焦系统仅考虑视频信号的高频分量,忽略低频分量在对焦过程中的变化.本文对模拟视频信号进行频谱分析,研究不同频率范围的信号对对焦评价曲线的影响,得出适合自动调焦的粗调/细调的频域范围,使系统有更广调焦范围的同时保持较高精度.最终通过实验验证,加入适当的滤波电路后调焦范围更广,40倍物镜下显微镜自动对焦系统的有效调焦范围可达±500μm.     

测量不确定度在焦度计计量检定中的应用

本文重点介绍眼科光学计量中对焦度计测量不确定度的评定，分别给出了使用顶焦度标准镜片对两种不同测量原理的焦度计进行强制检定时，检定证书中列出的被检焦度计的顶焦度修正值的不确定度。一、焦度计的分类焦度计从工作原理上被划分为基于自动对焦原理的焦度计和基于调焦原理的焦度计。基于自动对焦原理的焦度计，原理先进，操作简单，可自动读数，数字显示的分辨力为0.01m－１。基于调焦原理的焦度计主要有目视式和投影式两种。由于受人眼分辨力及光学系统成像等主、客观因素的影响，其刻度间隔一般为0.12m－１和0.25m－１。个别仪器经…     

应用变焦曲线校正电动变焦镜头的电机原点

为了保证电动变焦数字监控摄像机的变焦步进电机和调焦步进电机的调节范围在厂家设计的可聚焦范围内,设计了一种基于变焦曲线的变焦电机和调焦电机的原点位置校正方法。首先,从镜头厂家提供的镜头变焦曲线中选定一条作为标准曲线。接着,利用自动调焦方法采集标准曲线对应距离下的实际变焦曲线。然后,计算标准变焦曲线的最高点和实际变焦曲线的最高点的偏移量。最后,在该偏移量附近的一个小范围内按照平方差最小的原则求出最佳偏移量即为原点位置的补偿值。在30倍光学变焦数字高清摄像机中实现了该方法,实验结果表明:48台采用本文方法成功校正的镜头在设计调节范围内均没有出现电机堵转和无法聚焦的现象,校正成功率96%,很好地解决了由于原点位置误差造成的问题。     

倾斜镜面成像的自动调焦方法

倾斜镜面成像系统的像面与光轴倾斜,仅利用轴向自动调焦无法实现像面整体清晰。为此提出一种基于图像清晰度判断的自动调焦方法。该方法将轴向调焦与角度调焦相结合,通过步进方式平移和旋转像接收面,利用离焦函数判断聚焦情况,采用数据拟合回归的方法实现了像面整体清晰。该方法在椭偏成像系统的应用结果验证了其有效性,调焦精度达到微米量级。     

近摄的革命全景特写近摄附件

摄影人都知道，不管作用微距镜头还是近摄附件，其近摄的景深都非常浅，调焦操作困难，有时甚至不能使用相机的自动对焦系统来完成对焦，必需改用手动调焦来完成精确的调焦需要。由于景深浅，使得焦点以外的景物模糊，无法表达清楚。     

用步进电机实现连续变焦距光学镜头的变焦控制

根据望远镜的工作原理，对变焦距光学镜头的变焦运动进行了定性分析，并且根据理想光学系统的物像关系式推导出该镜头运动镜组的运动方程。该连续变焦控制的实验装置包括步进电机，电机驱动器以及控制平台，其控制程序用VisualC 编写。实验表明，该方法能方便地实现连续变焦距光学镜头的变焦控制。     

An Auto-Focusing Method in a Microscopic Testbed for Optical Discs

An auto-focusing method in a digital image system is demonstrated that uses a standard deviation of pixel gray levels as a feedback signal. In this system, an optical microscope and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera are used to create clear pit images of optical discs. A dynamic focusing scheme is designed in the system-control software, which is able to eliminate environmental disturbances and other noises so that a fast and stable focus can be achieved. The method shows an excellent focusing accuracy. The performance and possible applications of this method are discussed. The test results for optical discs are given in this paper.     

Optical synthetic aperture radar

A method is proposed for increasing the resolution of an object and overcoming the diffraction limit of an optical system installed on top of a moving imaging system, such as an airborne platform or satellite. The resolution improvement is obtained via a two-step process. First, three low resolution differently defocused images are captured and the optical phase is retrieved using an improved iterative Gershberg–Saxton based algorithm. The phase retrieval allows numerical back propagation of the field to the aperture plane. Second, the imaging system is shifted and the first step is repeated. The obtained optical fields at the aperture plane are combined and a synthetically increased lens aperture is generated along the direction of movement, yielding higher imaging resolution. The method resembles a well-known approach from the microwave regime called the synthetic aperture radar in which the antenna size is synthetically increased along the platform propagation direction. The proposed method is demonstrated via Matlab simulation as well as through laboratory experiment.     

用于激光测振的聚焦扫描系统

针对单点式激光测振仪在测量中的缺陷,本文提出了一种聚焦扫描的测量方式。利用三个步进电机实现对聚焦扫描的控制,其中一个电机控制透镜的移动实现变焦,另外两个电机控制平面镜转向实现光斑位置的移动。设计了聚焦扫描算法,通过实验验证了该方法的实用性。     

Measurement of the relative optical phase between amorphous and crystalline regions of the phase-change media of optical recording

We describe a method of measuring the relative optical phase on reflection between amorphous and crystalline regions of the phase-change media of optical data storage. With a red He-Ne laser (wavelength, 632.8 nm) the relative phases on two quadrilayer optical disk stacks were measured and found to be ~40 degrees . The results are in good agreement with the calculated values based on the known layer thicknesses and refractive indices of the stacks. For calibration purposes the height of a known step on an otherwise flat silicon substrate was measured with the same apparatus. The proposed method is fairly simple to set up, can measure both front-surface and through-substrate types of optical disk, and can be used with any laser that has long coherence length.     

用二次傅里叶变换实现CCD的精密定焦

根据傅里叶变换系统中物面平移其频谱面上光强分布不变的特点,提出一种利用二次傅里叶变换实现CCD精密定焦的方法。将CCD和其透镜作为逆变换系统,输入面为两个狭缝,与一个附加透镜组成一个正变换系统。通过镜组移动改变正、负傅里叶变换系统的距离,用软件比较CCD上两个波峰的间隔是否变化来对CCD进行定焦。根据傅里叶变换原理和几何光学成像原理对CCD正焦和离焦时的波峰特点进行了理论分析,证明了离焦时波峰间隔变化量与镜组移动量、离焦量、狭缝间隔成正比,与两透镜的焦距成反比,由此关系即可实现CCD定焦。实验表明,该方法的相对定焦误差为0.2%。     

Angstrom-range optical path-length measurement with a high-speed scanning heterodyne optical interferometer

A highly accurate method of optical path-length measurement is introduced by use of a scanning heterodyne optical interferometer with no moving parts. The instrument has demonstrated the potential to measure optical path length at angstrom resolution over continuous thickness in the micrometer range. This optical path length can be used to calculate the thickness of any material if the refractive index is known or to measure the refractive index of the material if the thickness is known. The instrument uses a single acousto-optic device in an in-line ultra-stable reflective geometry to implement rapid scanning in the microsecond domain for thickness measurements of the test medium.     

Reconfigurable imaging systems using elliptical nanowires

Materials that have subwavelength structure can add degrees of freedom to optical system design that are not possible with bulk materials. We demonstrate two lenses that are composed out of lithographically patterned arrays of elliptical cross-section silicon nanowires, which can dynamically reconfigure their imaging properties in response to the polarization of the illumination. In each element, two different focusing functions are polarization encoded into a single lens. The first nanowire lens has a different focal length for each linear polarization state, thereby realizing the front end of a nonmechanical zoom imaging system. The second nanowire lens has a different optical axis for each linear polarization state, demonstrating stereoscopic image capture from a single physical aperture.