定向碳纳米管/炭纳米复合材料形貌和显微结构

以CVD法定向碳纳米管(ACNTs)阵列为骨架,利用化学气相渗透(CVI)工艺制备了新型定向碳纳米管/炭(ACNT/C)纳米复合材料。通过偏光金相显微镜(PLM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和Raman光谱等分析方法对其显微结构和热解炭沉积机理进行了研究。结果表明:所制ACNT/C纳米复合材料的热解炭结构主要为类粗糙层结构,围绕碳纳米管生长的热解炭石墨层片结构清晰,并且碳纳米管和热解炭之间具有良好的界面结合;而在相同工艺条件下围绕炭纤维生长的热解炭为典型的光滑层结构。这可能是由于在热解炭沉积过程中存在碳纳米管"诱导"沉积过程,即沿着碳纳米管径向的离域化共轭π键和具有类似结构的芳香族大分子通过π-π非共价键作用相结合,并在CNTs纳米尺寸的影响下,芳香族大分子按照"软取向"(Softepitaxy)围绕碳纳米管生成环形层片状类石墨结构的热解炭。该研究结果有望为热解炭的可控沉积起到一定的借鉴作用。     

PMDA-ODA型聚酰亚胺炭/碳纳米管杂化膜的制备及气体分离性能研究

针对现有气体分离炭膜存在的渗透速率低等问题,提出并设计在PMDA-ODA型聚酰亚胺前驱体中掺杂碳纳米管,经高温热解后制备炭/碳纳米管杂化膜.分别采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和气体渗透实验对炭/碳纳米管杂化膜的微观结构和分离性能进行表征.实验结果表明,在PMDA-ODA型聚酰亚胺前驱体中掺杂碳纳米管后,碳纳米管与炭基体之间形成明显的"界面间隙",打破了原有炭膜中由乱层炭构成的无序微孔结构,重新构建了杂化炭膜的孔隙结构.与纯炭膜相比,杂化炭膜的气体渗透速率大幅增加,其中O2的渗透速率增大接近4倍(达到1576 Barrer),而O2/N2的分离选择性仅降低17%.     

添加炭黑和碳纳米管对酚醛树脂热解炭的结构及抗氧化性的影响(英文)

采用酚醛树脂为原料,分别以炭黑和碳纳米管作为改性添加剂制备酚醛树脂热解炭。利用差热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和压汞法孔径分析对酚醛树脂热解炭进行表征,探讨添加剂和热处理温度对树脂热解炭的结构和抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,碳纳米管和炭黑均可提高热解炭的石墨化度和抗氧化性;碳纳米管改性树脂热解炭的石墨化度高于炭黑改性树脂热解炭,但由于前者热解炭的显微结构中较高的气孔率,所以使其抗氧化性劣于后者。升高热处理温度同样可改善热解炭的抗氧化性和提高石墨化度。     

电弧放电法制备煤基炭纳米纤维及开口竹节状碳纳米管

以中国白杨树无烟煤为原料,添加一定量煤焦油和沥青黏结剂制成炭棒作为阳极,采用直流电弧法制备竹节状碳纳米管及炭纳米纤维.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对产物进行表征.结果表明:在较低氦气压力下(0.020MPa),采用不添加任何催化剂的无烟煤基炭棒进行电弧放电,在剩余阳极上制备得到竹节状碳纳米管和炭纳米纤维.所得竹节状碳纳米管多为开口状,直径在50nm左右;炭纳米纤维宏观上成绒毛球形,纤维的直径在30nm～50nm之间.     

空气氧化法提纯碳纳米管的研究

以乙炔为原料气，采用铁-镍复合催化剂，在700℃下，由化学气相沉积法(CVD)制得了直径为10nm～30nm的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)。然后通过空气氧化法对所获碳纳米管进行提纯，去除了碳纳米管中的无定形炭、炭纳米颗粒及炭纤维等非晶碳成分，提高了碳纳米管的纯度；并研究了提纯温度和时间的关系。结果表明：碳纳米管在空气中440℃加热3h后，烧损率趋于平稳，基本上稳定在2％左右。使用透射电镜(TEM)考察提纯前后碳纳米管的形貌，发现碳纳米管在空气中440℃加热3h后，非晶碳成分基本去除，纯度得到提高。     

从聚酰亚胺制备高密度玻璃炭

一、引言某些高聚物为聚胺咪唑(FOD)、聚苯乙烯(PPV)和聚酰亚胺kapton等的薄膜,据报道具有很好的石墨化性能。曾经阐明在Kapton-H的情况下,其石墨化过程在高于2500℃进行,在低温下,则为无定型结构。玻璃炭(GC)具有高电导率,各向同性结构和不透气性的特征。和其他炭材料相比,它具有较高抗腐蚀性,故而专门用于电化学和电子工业领域。最近,出现了对玻璃     

爆炸辅助气相沉积法制备炭纳米线的研究

根据爆炸辅助气相沉积法生长碳纳米管的机理,设计了两种制备炭纳米线的方案:(1)使用低活性铁-镍二元金属催化剂;(2)对钴催化剂作用下碳纳米管的生长实施冷冻。透射电子显微镜显示这两种方法制备的炭纳米线均为纳米颗粒组装而成,具有非常粗糙的表面。其中,使用铁-镍二元催化剂所制炭纳米线直径分布不均匀,黏结情况严重;而在冷冻钴催化剂作用下炭纳米管生长过程所得的炭纳米线直径分布比较均匀,黏结情况也大为减少。这两种纳米线的差别与金属催化剂的活性有关。光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验表明:冷冻碳纳米管生长所得炭纳米线具有良好的催化辅助功能,可以提高ZnS纳米晶的光催化活性。     

碳纳米管阵列/热解炭复合材料的制备和表征（英文）

以甲烷为碳源,通过化学气相沉积和化学蒸汽渗透两步法将热解炭填充至碳纳米管阵列间的空隙而制备出碳纳米管阵列/热解炭复合材料。采用扫描电镜和拉曼光谱仪对样品的结构进行表征。结果表明,碳纳米管被热解炭填充和覆盖形成均相的复合膜,其密度增加4倍,同时热解炭已石墨化。     

Fe-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂催化分解甲烷制备碳纳米管:温度对碳管结构的影响

利用化学气相沉积法,以Fe-Mo/Al_2O_3为催化剂,催化分解甲烷气体制备碳纳米管(CNTs).研究了温度,反应时间和气体流速对碳纳米管结构的影响.结果显示:温度是影响碳纳米管壁厚的关键参数.低温导致壁厚为2 nm～7 nm的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的生成.相对地,高温有利于双壁碳纳米管(DWCNTs)的生长,而更高的温度促使单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)的产生.进一步升高温度,得到了壁厚为3 nm～15 nm的MWCNTs和大的炭颗粒.     

碳纳米管对中间相炭微球制备的影响

以中温煤沥青和碳纳米管为原料进行热缩聚反应,制备出含有碳纳米管的中间相炭微球,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段对其形貌及结构进行了表征。研究了添加碳纳米管对中间相炭微球形貌、粒径、产率、微晶结构及热缩聚工艺的影响。结果表明添加碳纳米管能够促进小球成核,阻止小球的融并长大,使炭微球的粒径减小,分布均匀,但过多的碳纳米管会导致球形度变差及中间相沥青产率的降低;碳纳米管的存在使石墨片层尺寸减小,石墨化程度降低;碳纳米管经过酸煮处理后,可以获得球形度更好、含有更大比例碳纳米管的中间相炭微球。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.