共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 64 毫秒
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文章从缓解能源短缺、缓解地球大气污染及国民经济新的增长点三个方面阐述了采用燃料酒精作汽车燃料的重要意义。介绍了我国实施燃料酒精计划需要解决的如原料供应、降低能耗、酒糟处理及投资效益等主要技术、经济问题及对策。最后提出了21世纪前10年研究课题的建议。 相似文献
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黄旭鑫 《中国新技术新产品》2009,(21):140-140
在我国推行乙醇清洁燃料,对我国的农业、能源、环保、交通等诸方面都将起到积极的推动作用。我国的酒精工业已有近一个世纪的发展历程,在全球经济一体化的大背景下,提高燃料乙醇的使用范围和利用率急需先进的工艺作为技术支撑。以发酵法生产的燃料乙醇,具有和矿物燃料相似的燃料性能,而其生产原料为生物源,是一种可再生能源。浓醪发酵是一种可以提高酒精产量,提高设备利用率,降低能耗的酒精发酵新方法。 相似文献
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交通运输是我国能源消耗、碳排放最大的领域之一,双碳目标下,包括甲醇燃料在内的多种动力能源共存并相互协同发展是我国交通低碳转型的未来趋势,发展甲醇燃料汽车对于实现我国煤炭资源清洁高效利用、降低我国原油对外依存度、促进我国替代燃料汽车多元化发展、推动我国交通运输领域节能减排以及构建更加清洁的经济社会发展路径具有重要意义。本文对甲醇燃料及甲醇燃料汽车相关的文献及商业案例进行梳理和评述,发现我国甲醇燃料汽车在产业政策、行业标准、配套设施审批、应用推广等方面还存在较多不合理,提出应从国家层面统筹协调、明确甲醇汽车基础配套设施的建设审批流程、健全相关管理体系以及在禀赋较好的地区持续降低甲醇汽车使用成本等对策建议。我国将长期处于多能共存并协同发展的能源结构转型期,研究可为我国甲醇燃料汽车产业高质量发展提供一份理论借鉴和实践参考。 相似文献
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杂菌感染是酒精在生产过程中经常会遇到的情况,严重的杂菌感染会导致酒精生产的失败,进而给酒精生产企业带来巨大的损失。抑制杂菌的产生或彻底消灭杂菌是当今酒精生产企业急需解决的问题。无酸发酵技术是一种新兴的技术,在酒精生产企业中得到一定的应用和推广,被验证出能够有效地抑制杂菌,取得了较好的效果,应得到广泛地推广。 相似文献
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液体火锅燃料:桌上炸弹
最近一则报道,10月9日,上海的鲁小姐和朋友在该市一家小吃店吃火锅的时候,服务员在酒精炉点着的状态下给炉子添加液态酒精燃料。酿成意外。造成鲁小姐全身近7成面积被烧伤。 相似文献
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以NaBH4为还原剂制备了Pd-Ru/C催化剂,研究不同Ru掺杂量对燃料电池阳极催化剂活性等的影响。利用XRD、EDS、TEM等技术表征催化剂的组成及微观结构;同时用BET等测试了催化剂的孔径和粒度分布。采用电化学工作站测试循环伏安特性来表征其电催化性能。测试结果表明,当Pd/Ru摩尔比为2∶1时,催化剂表现出最佳的抗中毒能力,电流稳定在50mA处,并且此时催化剂的电阻较小,具有较好的催化活性为207.40mA·cm-2。 相似文献
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针对一类典型生化反应乙醇连续发酵过程,在实验验证模型的基础上,运用数值方法研究了连续发酵系统中出现的混沌行为。固定外加激励幅值,通过改变激励频率可以明显看出由单一周期解经由倍周期道路通往混沌的演化过程。结果表明,当激励频率ω>0.258h-1时系统出现混沌,随着ω的进一步增大,出现多种周期窗口。 相似文献
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采用水热法制备了高分散Pt-SnO2/C电催化剂,对制备工艺进行了最佳优化,考察了不同反应溶液pH值对电催化剂活性的影响。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、比表面积、粒度分析等手段对催化剂进行了结构表征。制备的Pt-SnO2纳米复合颗粒高度分散在活性炭载体表面,其平均粒径约4.5nm。通过循环伏安、计时电流、交流阻抗等技术测试了电极在乙醇体系中的电催化活性。结果表明,随着反应溶液pH值的增加,制备的Pt-SnO2/C催化剂可使乙醇的氧化发生在较低电位。在pH值为9、铂锡原子比为3∶1时,制备的Pt-SnO2/C复合催化剂,可以得到较高的乙醇氧化电催化活性和电化学长期稳定性,氧化峰电流密度高达104.54mA·cm-2。 相似文献
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Howard S Geller 《Sadhana》1982,5(4):373-393
Fuel efficiency and other cookstove performance parameters have been evaluated in an attempt to progress toward more efficient
stoves for a particular locale, to develop and test methodologies for analysing cookstove fuel economy, and to gain insights
into the performance of woodburning cookstoves in general. In the first part of this study, fuel consumption and efficiency
were measured during the preparation of meals in 13 households. It was found that fuel consumption averages 3·6 kg/meal (s=2·1 kg/meal) and that efficiency averages 5·9% (s=2·2%). The use of aluminium rather than clay pots correlates with higher than average efficiencies. The magnitude of the
various cooking energy losses was estimted to point out the opportunities for increasing fuel efficiency. While no particular
energy loss mechanism dominates, the more significant energy losses are (i) heating of excess air, (ii) heat carried away
by the combustion products, (iii) heating of the stove body and floor, (iv) energy contained in the charcoal residue, and
(v) cooking water evaporation. Techniques for reducing these energy losses are suggested. Tests comparing the efficiency of
traditional cookstoves and cookstoves containing a flue, chimney, and tightly fitting pots (the Hyderabad stove design) were
then carried out. The Hyderabad cookstoves did not prove to be more fuel-efficient than the traditional stove when a means
for controlling the draft or regulating the heat input rate to the pots is not provided. When the Hyderabad stove is equipped
with a damper and recessed pots, a fuel savings of the order of 30% is realized in the laboratory. The innovative Hyderabad
stove still requires field testing and user evaluation. This limited series of experiments suggests that new woodburning cookstoves
should be carefully designed, constructed and operated. 相似文献
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Thermal expansions of simulated spent PWR fuel and simulated DUPIC fuel were studied using a dilatometer in the temperature range from 298 to 1900 K. The densities of simulated spent PWR fuel and simulated DUPIC fuel used in the measurement were 10.28 gcm–3 (95.4% of TD) and 10.26 gcm–3 (95.1% of TD), respectively. The linear thermal expansions of the simulated fuels are higher than that of UO2, and the difference between these fuels and UO2 increases progressively with temperature. However, the difference between simulated spent PWR fuel and simulated DUPIC fuel is extremely small, less than the experimental error. For the temperature range from 298 to 1900 K, simulated spent PWR fuel and simulated DUPIC fuel have the same average linear thermal expansion coefficient of 1.39×10–5K–1. As the temperature increases to 1900 K, the relative densities of simulated spent PWR fuel and simulated DUPIC fuel decrease to 93.8% of initial densities at 298 K. 相似文献
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燃料电池作为一种清洁高效的发电方式,兼具效率高、排放低、安全无噪音等优点,是分布式供能领域的一项重要技术。燃料电池既可以利用传统煤炭、天然气,也可以融合可再生能源实现削峰填谷。在传统煤电领域,散煤的利用是环境污染的重要来源,通过直接碳燃料电池技术,有望解决散煤利用效率低下、污染严重的问题。联合天然气管网,基于燃料电池的微型热电联供系统可实现能源的梯级利用,相比传统的热电分供模式可大大提高能源利用效率。同时,电解池作为燃料电池的逆过程,可将可再生能源富余电力转化为化学能进行储存,实现"三弃"电力的有效转化,在可再生能源的分布式供应系统中具有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献