基于标准球的显微图像测量系统标定方法

提出一种利用标准球对显微图像测量系统进行标定的方法．该方法利用显微系统小视场小景深的成像特点简化计算模型,减少标定参数．通过标准球图像在水平和垂直方向上的直径比计算比例因子;利用标准球边缘图像的边缘点集．运用优化的方法来计算成像系统的畸变系数和主点位置．系统的放大倍数由标准球的实际直径来标定得出．利用标准球在多摄像机公共视场内其轮廓在任何位置均可见这一特性,可同时对显微图像测量系统中的多个摄像机进行标定,简化标定过程．实验结果表明,该方法标定精度较高,标定后的测量系统的极限误差3σ为2．4μm．     

基于亚像素边缘的摄像机标定板特征提取算法

目的在视觉测量领域,摄像机的标定精度是最终测量精确度的决定性因素,为了提高标定板特征的提取精度,提出一种基于亚像素边缘的提取方法。方法针对圆点标定板,首先采集标定板图像,对图像进行处理,获取像素级别边缘,然后以边缘像素点为中心,取3×3的数字窗口计算梯度方向,在梯度方向上进行像素点灰度的双曲正切拟合,获取亚像素级别边缘,最后对亚像素边缘按照圆形进行拟合,求得圆心坐标。结果实验表明算法的分辨率达到0.03个像素,精度可达0.1个像素。结论该算法具有稳定可靠,精度高,运算速度快等特点,能够应用于图像拼接和分割,特征提取和摄像机标定等领域。     

基于图像边缘特征的零件分类与定位算法

本论文提出了一种基于图像边缘特征的零件分类与定位算法。算法首先对图像腐蚀膨胀等预处理,然后通过边缘检测得零件的完整边缘轮廓,然后对零件边缘轮廓图像使用方向梯度直方图(HOG)构造训练数据,并采用支持向量机(SVM)在训练数据上训练分类识别模型,最后进行检测。根据检测结果获得图像中零件的种类和位置信息,然后使用棋盘格标定的方法来确定深度。标定时,取标定板上的两个点来计算深度,根据已知的深度,获取实际抓取点的两个图像坐标系的x,y值,计算世界坐标系坐标。此系统能解决零件分类、定位问题,能广泛运用于生产线引导工业机器人进行零件抓取。     

一种基于MATLAB的植物叶片参数测量系统

提出了一种基于MATLAB的植物叶片参数自动测量系统方案.该系统利用扫描仪获取包含标定物的叶片图像,对其二值化后进行边缘跟踪,获得标定物和叶片的边界,最后借助标定物的实际直径和面积得到叶片的面积、周长、长、宽等参数.经对两种叶片进行的实验.结果表明,此系统能够快速、准确地进行叶片参数的自动测量,具有较高的效率和实用性.     

仿生复眼系统标定及测量方法研究

为了实现对近景目标物的三维测量,研制了一种小型仿生复眼系统。介绍了该复眼系统的结构及其参数设计原则,并对该系统采用的标定、三维测量等算法进行研究。首先根据复眼成像特点搭建了标定和测量平台,并分别使用张正友的方法、直接线性变换法、Tsai式两步法三种摄像机标定方法对复眼的中心子眼进行标定,通过比较实验结果发现Tsai式标定方法精度更高,更适用于本复眼系统的标定。然后针对边缘子眼光轴与图像传感器不垂直问题,提出了一种新的图像畸变数学模型,有效的提高了边缘子眼的标定精度。最后建立了多子眼三维探测模型,并探索了多子眼成像对复眼相机测量精度的影响,认为三子眼可获得比双子眼更高的精度和稳定性。实验结果表明,在距离复眼相机150?260 mm范围内,该复眼探测系统的三维测量相对误差在2%左右,在满足仪器小型化的同时能基本实现近景三维测量。     

改进的直线拟合线阵CCD图像边缘检测方法

为了检测经过光学系统成像所得图像的边缘,在直线拟合方法的基础上提出了一种新的边缘检测方法。该方法综合考虑边缘过渡区间所有点的信息,利用直线拟合方法求出一组可能的边缘值,再选择它们的中值作为最终的边缘值。基于该方法的采集系统由线阵 CCD 采集边缘的灰度图像,使用单片机来处理数据,并计算出边缘的位置。实验结果表明,这种改进方法的重复性误差为 0.89 个像素,而且能够在 0.039s 内完成一次边缘检测计算。     

基于图像处理技术的螺纹几何参数测量

针对螺纹几何参数测量过程中,传统人工测量效率低、仪器昂贵、耗时费力、偶伴有人为误差等不足。本研究采用非接触测量的方法,利用计算机视觉的图像处理技术,通过系统标定、图像采集、图像预处理、边缘检测、几何参数计算等步骤,实现了对螺纹几何参数的自动测量。通过大量实验证明,该系统具有快捷高效、数据可靠、易于操作、替代传统人工操作的优点,有效提高了批量工件检测的自动化水平,具有重要的研究意义和实用价值。     

立体偏折术的高效标定及法线计算方法

法线计算和系统位姿关系标定是立体偏折术测量的关键技术。针对法线匹配,在立体视觉极线准则的基础上采用假设点的方法,将法线计算转化为一维搜索法线夹角最小值问题。通过查找两个相机对应同一采样点的法线夹角的最小值来获取镜面梯度,最终通过径向基插值函数从梯度数据中恢复镜面精确面形。针对系统位姿关系标定,提出采用将标定板和镜面相结合的位姿关系标定方法。将标定板的厚度纳入标定模型中,提高了标定精度。该方法只需一个镜面反射图像即可确定相机和显示屏幕的位姿关系,使标定过程更加自由和灵活。初步实验验证了所提方法的可行性。     

立体显微图像的三维微尺度测量方法研究

针对微小复杂产品表面形貌、几何特征、关键点等综合测量的要求,提出了基于立体显微图像的三维微尺度测量方法.利用立体显微镜及两台数字相机获得被测对象两个不同观测角度的显微图像,通过图像处理技术和几何原理计算得到被测对象的空间三维信息,最终实现三维微尺度测量.为了验证所提出方法的有效性,以具有一定倾角的显微标定板为测量对象,在图像采集、滤波、二值化、边缘检测以及形心计算的基础上进行显微系统的标定,分别对左右各10个相同角度进行了实测.结果是相对误差均在3%以内,说明该测量方法可以获得较高的测量精度.     

一种数字图像处理系统在线标定方法研究

数字图像处理系统的标定是标定标准物投影图像坐标与世界坐标之间的桥梁,其标定途径是依据数字图像处理系统的模型,由标定标准物的图像坐标和世界坐标求解其模型参数。文章对数字图像处理系统原理、测量数学模型等内容进行了阐述,创新性提出了一种数字图像处理系统的在线标定方法,并对标定结果进行了不确定度分析。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

＂Three Transformations＂ and Standardization

During his inspection in Henan Province in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed to ＂push forward the transformation from China Speed to China Quality, from Made in China to Created in China, and from Chinese Products to Chinese Brand＂. The ＂Three Transformations＂ are the specific requirements and goal of China＇s national development in the context that market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.