钛合金慢应变速率拉伸应力腐蚀行为研究

对TA31和TC4ELI两合金分别在干燥空气、3.5% NaCl环境下进行慢应变速率拉伸试验。结合应力-应变曲线以及断口宏观、微观组织分析两种材料的应力腐蚀敏感性。结果表明:在35℃、3.5%(w,下同) NaCl溶液、应变速率为10-6/s条件下,TC4ELI合金应力腐蚀敏感性较高,在5×10-7/s和5×10-6/s的应变速率下应力腐蚀敏感性较低;TA31合金在上述3种应变速率下应力腐蚀敏感性均较低;在3.5% NaCl环境中,TA31合金断口形貌较空气中试验的断口形貌无明显的变化,TC4ELI则出现较明显的解理面。      

电极极化对铝合金应力腐蚀断裂敏感性的影响

为了探讨极化对铝合金应力腐蚀断裂(SCC)敏感性的影响,采用慢应变速率拉伸技术研究了不同恒电位极化条件下7075T6,7075T7351,7075RRA铝合金的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,在-1 200～-735 mV(vs SCE)电位范围内,无论是阳极极化还是阴极极化,甚至弱极化,都会增加7075铝合金在3.5% NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂敏感性,无论哪一种热处理状态的7075铝合金在极化电位下的ISSRT均明显高于腐蚀电位下的ISSRT.同时,有阴极极化时ISSRT值随电极极化增强而减小,阳极极化时ISSRT 值有随电极极化增强而增大的趋势.但不同热处理状态的7075铝合金受极化电位的影响程度不同.由此认为,阳极溶解和氢效应都是导致7075铝合金应力腐蚀开裂的重要因素,电化学保护方法并不适用于7075铝合金应力腐蚀断裂的防护.     

Fe85Ga15多晶在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀行为研究

研究了新型磁致伸缩材料Fe-Ga合金的应力腐蚀性能。采用恒载荷和慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验,结合电化学测试技术,研究了铸态Fe85Ga15多晶在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀。结果表明,开路电位下,模拟海水中薄板光滑试样恒载荷拉伸能够发生低于材料抗拉强度的断裂,且断裂时间明显依赖于外加应力的大小,外加应力愈大,断裂时间愈短。这表明铸态Fe85Ga15合金在模拟海水中能够发生应力腐蚀开裂(SCC),且SCC归一化门槛应力为σscc/σb=0.34。慢应变速率拉伸显示,SCC敏感性在应变速率为5×10-7/s时最大,用强度损失表示为Iσ=(1-σc/σb)×100%=35%。阴极极化升高而阳极极化降低恒载荷SCC断裂时间。这些结果初步表明铸态Fe85Ga15合金在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀为阳极溶解型。     

升温时效处理7075铝合金在含SRB模拟海水中的应力腐蚀行为

7系铝合金是一种可热处理强化的铝合金,通过改变热处理工艺的方法可以提高铝合金的抗应力腐蚀性能.本文研究了不同升温时效处理下,铝合金在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)模拟海洋溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并通过应力-应变曲线和断口形貌,对比分析了铝合金在无菌溶液和SRB溶液中的应力腐蚀行为差异.研究表明,升温时效处理可以提高合金的自腐蚀电位,降低腐蚀电流密度和合金的应力腐蚀敏感性.硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)通过代谢促进了合金的腐蚀,改变了合金应力腐蚀开裂的机理,使合金的应力腐蚀开裂主要机理由阳极溶解转变为氢致开裂.     

LY6铝合金的局部腐蚀行为研究

探讨LY6合金的局部腐蚀行为对扩大其应用范围意义重大,采用加速腐蚀试验和微观腐蚀形貌观察等方法,研究了经自然时效处理的LY6铝合金在含Cl-的典型环境中的点蚀、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀断裂和剥蚀等局部腐蚀行为,并讨论了它们的机理和相互关系.在试验环境下,LY6铝合金对点蚀、晶间腐蚀、剥蚀和应力腐蚀断裂都存在敏感性,合金中S相(Al2CuMg)、θ相(CuAl2)及MnAl6等第二相的存在是发生上述局部腐蚀的根本原因.研究表明,合金的剥蚀是一个从点蚀发展到晶间腐蚀,然后在应力协同作用下发生破坏的过程.恒载荷应力腐蚀拉伸法和断口形貌观察发现,LY6铝合金应力腐蚀断裂是由于阳极溶解作用的结果.     

7020铝合金在Cl-环境下的应力腐蚀与局部腐蚀性能及其相关性分析

为进一步加深对铝合金在Cl-环境下腐蚀行为的认识,通过浸泡试验、金相分析、极化曲线测试、慢应变速率拉伸测试、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察等,研究腐蚀环境对7020铝合金的局部腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响,并对二者的相关性进行分析.结果 表明:7020铝合金在50℃下的3.5 ％NaCl溶液中浸泡24h,合金局部腐蚀敏感性很小;在3.5 ％NaCl+0.5 ％H2O2溶液中浸泡24h,合金局部腐蚀敏感性增大.在50℃条件下,与3.5％NaCl溶液比较,合金在3.5 ％NaCl+0.5 ％H2O2溶液中的应力腐蚀敏感性较小.由于外部环境差异,7020铝合金在Cl-浓度不变情况下,其局部腐蚀与应力腐蚀并没有特定相关性.     

应变速率对低碳钢解理特征应力的影响

本文在■=5.55×10~(-4)/s 和■=1.1×10~0/s 两种应变速率下,研究了16Mn 钢的低温拉伸断裂行为。由此分别确定的解理特征应力 S_(co)数值相等,表明了解理特征应力不受应变速率的影响。     

时效工艺对2000系高强铝合金慢应变速率拉伸性能的影响

通过慢应变速率拉伸测试、金相、扫描电镜及透射电镜分析等研究了Al-3.88Cu-1.18Mg-0.31Mn铝合金在T6、T8、T3时效状态时的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明:在T6、T8及T3时效态下,合金的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性依次降低。合金应力腐蚀与晶间腐蚀具有正相关性,表现为电化学腐蚀特征,晶界与晶内电位差的大小决定了应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的高低,其与晶界及其附近区域的微观组织特征紧密相关。     

回归再时效中预时效温度对7050铝合金应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、电导率测试、慢应变速率拉伸、透射电镜和扫描电镜等方法,研究了回归再时效热处理工艺中预时效温度对7050铝合金微观组织和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着预时效温度升高,回归再时效后7050铝合金晶内析出相从以GP区为主转变为以η′相为主,晶界析出相逐渐粗化,晶界变得不连续分布,合金应力腐蚀敏感性降低;但晶界无沉淀析出带宽度增加,120℃时达到140nm,易导致应力集中和阳极溶解,合金抗应力腐蚀性能下降。预时效温度为80℃,即稍微欠时效时,7050铝合金抗应力腐蚀性能较好,在缓慢应变速率(10-6s-1)和3.5%NaCl溶液腐蚀介质下,合金抗拉强度为473.5MPa,伸长率为10.67%,应力腐蚀指数为0.05824。     

高强铝合金热处理工艺优化与氢致断裂机理研究

近几十年来,国内外对高强铝合金的热处理工艺及其力学性能等进行了广泛的研究,获得令人满意的综合性能。前者强度虽高,但抗应力腐蚀性能较差;而后者则是以较大幅度地牺牲合金强度为代价来改善其应力腐蚀敏感性的。本研究选用7175铝合金,对其在140～180℃下的长期时效特征,常规力学性能,性能预测与工艺优化,应力腐蚀行为,氢对合金机械性能的影响及其微观结构的变化等进行了系统的试验研究;同时从理论上详细地研究了晶界偏析对晶界强度的影响。主要结果如下: ①首次提出将遗传、进化算法与人工神经网络相结合来研究材料工艺优化问题,为今后材料工艺优化研究探索了一条崭新的途径。②首次研究了高强铝合金在长期时效过程中的应力 腐蚀行为及氢对合金力学性能的影响,并提出了氢致高强铝合金韧脆断裂转变的新观点。为改善高强铝合金的抗SCC性能,指导热处理工艺的制定指出了新的研究方向。③首次提出了用自由电子理论研究晶偏析与晶间脆性的新方法。④首次提出了三元合金晶界偏析与沿晶断裂模型,运用该模型与准化学理论相结合系统地研究了高强铝合金的氢致断裂问题;并首次从理论上证实了Viswanadham关于Mg-H相互作用的预言。⑤深入揭示了高强铝合金的氢致断裂机理,这对今后抗氢铝合金的设计具有十分重要的理论     

Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of ultrafine grained AZ31

In this study, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy was carried out using slow strain rate testing (SSRT) technique in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The influence of microstructural scale on the stress corrosion behavior was investigated in AZ31 alloy with three different mean grain sizes. Single-pass and two-pass friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to obtain fine grain and ultrafine grain microstructures, respectively. For FSP, SSRT specimens were extracted from the processed region. SSRTs were carried out in air and solution at an initial strain rate of 10⁻⁶/s. A significant decrease in the ultimate tensile strength was observed for FSP specimens tested in chloride solution as compared to specimens tested in air. More than 75 % loss in total elongation was observed for the specimens tested in chloride solution as compared to the ones tested in air. In comparison with base material, lower time to failure was observed for processed samples. The higher SCC susceptibility of processed microstructure is attributed to increased hydrogen adsorption and favorable basal texture.     

7075铝合金的力学与电化学交互作用

用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)技术研究了7075铝合金在应力腐蚀过程中的力学与电化学交互作用.结果表明,外加极化会提高7075铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性,这种通过极化而改变铝合金表面电化学反应从而影响断裂应力的现象是一种电化学-力学效应.然而,对于不同热处理状态的7075铝合金,外加极化对敏感性的影响程度不同.增加拉伸应力,7075-RRA铝合金的阳极极化曲线略向正移,滞后环面积扩大,但并不显著.这种拉伸应力对极化曲线的影响是一种力学-电化学效应,有利于应力腐蚀裂纹的扩展.铝合金在应力腐蚀过程中的电化学作用和力学作用是交互的,彼此促进的.     

Serrated Flow Behavior during Compression at Elevated Temperatures in Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.1RE Alloy

The deformation behaviour of an AZE(Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.1RE) alloy at temperature between 393 and 453 K was investigated by uniaxial compression tests carried out at initial strain rate values of 1×10-4,5×10-4 and 1×10-3 s-1 in air.The results show that serrated flow occurs at the strain rate of 10-4 s-1 under all test temperatures and 5×10-4 s-1 at 453 K.The mechanism of serrated flow was proposed,which is mainly attributed to the interaction of dislocations to the precipitates.     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材的超塑性工艺及变形机制

经过异步轧制工艺获得AZ31镁合金薄板。在300~450℃范围内,分别通过5×10-3,1×10-3s-1和5×10-4s-1不同应变速率进行高温拉伸实验研究其超塑性变形行为,计算应变速率敏感指数m值、超塑性变形激活能Q及门槛应力σ0值。通过EBSD分析和扫描电镜观察拉伸断裂后的断口形貌,分析AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形机制。结果表明:AZ31镁合金的塑性变形能力随着变形温度的升高及应变速率的降低而增强。当拉伸温度为400℃、m=0.72、应变速率为5×10-4s-1时,AZ31具有良好的超塑性,伸长率最大为206%。温度为400℃时,异步轧制AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形是以晶格扩散控制的晶界滑移和基面滑移共同完成的。     

Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of over aged 7010 Al-alloy

Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) was carried out on over aged 7010 Al-alloy in laboratory air, glycerin and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution with and without cathodic charging to study the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the alloy in over aged condition. It was found that the over aged alloy exhibited high resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) than hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The high SCC resistance is due to the modification in the grain boundary precipitate morphology and chemistry due to over aging, however it is suggested that the dislocations in the alloy are not completed annealed during over aging to arrest HE.     

Acoustic emission study of corrosion fatigue crack propagation mechanism for LY12CZ and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys

Acoustic emission signals were continuously monitored during fatigue crack propagation for LY12CZ and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys in laboratory air and 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that the acoustic emission count rate was as a linear function of crack propagation rate during fatigue and corrosion fatigue. The acoustic emission activity for LY12CZ was smaller in solution than that in air; but for 7075-T6, greater in solution than that in air. The acoustic emission waveform parameter, the frequency centroid ratio, was tried to use as a criterion to distinguish the corrosion fatigue crack propagation mechanism for anodic dissolution of LY12CZ and hydrogen embrittlement of 7075-T6.     

Tensile Behavior of NiAl-9Mo Eutectic Alloy around Brittle to Ductile Transition Temperature

The influence of strain rate and temperature on the tensile behavior of as-cast and HIPed NiAl-9Mo eutectic alloywas investigated in the temperature range of 700～950℃ and over a strain rate range from 2.08×10~(-4) s~(-1) to2.08×10~(-2)s~(-l). The results indicate that HIP process causes an enhancement in ductility and a decrease in ultimatetensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), average strain hardening rate as well as a drop in brittle to ductiletransition temperature(BDTT) under the same condition. It is noticed that the BDTT of as-cast NiAl-9Mo is moredependent on strain rate than that of HIPed one. The brittle to ductile transition process of the alloy is related toa sharp drop in strain hardening rate. Regardless of strain rate, the fracture morphology changes from cleavage inNiAI phase and debonding along NiAI/Mo interface below the BDTT to microvoid coalescence above BDTT. Theapparent activation energy of the BDT of HIPed and as-cast material are calculated to be 327 and 263 kJ/mol,respe     

2519A铝合金热压缩流变行为和显微组织分析

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟仪上进行热压缩实验,研究温度从300℃～450℃、应变速率为0．001～10s^-1时2519A铝合金热压塑行为,并用金相显微镜分析在不同热压缩条件下的组织形貌特征。结果表明,流变应力开始随着应变的增大而增大,出现峰值之后慢慢减小并慢慢趋于平稳。应力峰值随温度的增加而减小,随应变增大而增大,其热变形行为可用包含Zener-Hollomon参数的双弦本构关系来描述,得到平均激活能Q=223．11706kj／mol。合金在0．001s^-1～1s^-1。应变速率条件下软化机制主要为动态回复,而当应变速率上升到10s^-1后,合金微观组织出现局部动态再结晶。