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选用3种炭基复合材料,分别为采用化学气相沉积(CVD)工艺和CVD/浸渍复合工艺制备的2种C/C复合材料以及采用CVD/熔融渗硅(MSI)工艺制备的C/C-SiC复合材料,通过对比分析3种炭基复合材料与人骨的微观结构和力学性能,研究了所选用的3种炭基复合材料作为新型骨折内固定材料的可行性。结果表明:3种炭基复合材料与人骨均具有纤维增强、多孔基体的微观结构形态。在力学性能方面,3种炭基复合材料的弹性模量与人骨都较为接近,其中C/C-SiC复合材料的力学性能与人骨最为接近,分别为弯曲强度213.0 MPa、剪切强度19.3 MPa、压缩强度228.1 MPa,有望成为理想的接骨板材料。CVD和CVD/浸渍工艺制备的C/C复合材料,弯曲强度分别仅为161.8 MPa和174.6 MPa,低于人骨的弯曲强度,后期可通过改进坯体结构和制备工艺等方法来使其力学性能与人骨相匹配。 相似文献
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氧化锌晶须(ZnOW)水泥基复合材料微波吸收特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了氧化锌晶须(ZnOw)水泥基复合材料的材料制备,测试了试件在微波3mm,8mm,3cm等波段的微波吸收特性.研究结果表明,氧化锌晶须(ZnOw)能够有效调整水泥基复合材料的介电常数,改变反射及透射特性,但本身对微波的吸收并不明显,甚至还降低了常规混凝土的透射衰减性能.该结论对澄清氧化锌晶须(ZnOw)的微波吸收应用前景猜测有实际意义. 相似文献
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徐惠邢建伟陈泳 《高分子材料科学与工程》2013,(9):164-168
通过水热法制备了球形、棒状和花形的纳米氧化锌;并利用原位聚合法制备了对应形貌的氧化锌/聚苯胺复合材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG-DTG)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段,对氧化锌及复合物进行了结构表征。以次甲基蓝为模拟污染物,在紫外灯下考察了复合物材料的光催化性能和动力学特征。结果表明,聚苯胺(PANI)/氧化锌(ZnO)复合材料的光催化性能远高于纯纳米ZnO,而不同形貌的PANI/ZnO其光催化降解效率也不同,依次为球形>棒状>花形;PANI/ZnO(球形)的失水温度和分解温度与纯PANI相比分别提高了123.3℃和47.6℃。光催化动力学研究表明,以球形和棒状氧化锌为原料制备的PANI/ZnO复合材料符合一级动力学,PANI/ZnO(花形)复合物符合二级动力学。 相似文献
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通过水热法制备了球形、棒状和花形的纳米氧化锌;并利用原位聚合法制备了对应形貌的氧化锌/聚苯胺复合材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG-DTG)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段,对氧化锌及复合物进行了结构表征。以次甲基蓝为模拟污染物,在紫外灯下考察了复合物材料的光催化性能和动力学特征。结果表明,聚苯胺(PANI)/氧化锌(ZnO)复合材料的光催化性能远高于纯纳米ZnO,而不同形貌的PANI/ZnO其光催化降解效率也不同,依次为球形>棒状>花形;PANI/ZnO(球形)的失水温度和分解温度与纯PANI相比分别提高了123.3℃和47.6℃。光催化动力学研究表明,以球形和棒状氧化锌为原料制备的PANI/ZnO复合材料符合一级动力学,PANI/ZnO(花形)复合物符合二级动力学。 相似文献
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为了研究聚乙烯醇/纳米氧化锌复合材料的结晶性能,通过熔融共混挤出的方法制备了复合材料,并在差示扫描量热分析(DSC)的基础上通过Jeziomy法和Liu法研究了聚乙烯醇薄膜和聚乙烯醇/纳米氧化锌复合材料的非等温结晶动力学行为.结果表明,聚乙烯醇薄膜和聚乙烯醇/纳米氧化锌复合材料的非等温结晶行为强烈地依赖于冷却速率,随着冷却速率的提高,结晶速率常数增大,结晶的不完善程度也增大.在相同的冷却速率下,复合体系的Avrami指数n值和结晶速率常数Z。较大,晶体的完善程度较高.要达到相同的结晶度,复合材料所需的冷却速率要小于聚乙烯醇薄膜,即纳米氧化锌的加入使材料中聚乙烯醇的结晶速率增加,对聚乙烯醇具有异相成核作用. 相似文献
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氧化锌/活性炭复合材料的制备与性能表征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《化工新型材料》2016,(3)
将滚压振动磨制备的锌纳米颗粒与普通活性炭按一定比例混合,置于高压反应釜中,在180℃时水热反应24h,制备得到氧化锌/活性炭复合材料(ZnO/AC)。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析了产物的结构和形貌,采用比表面积法(BET)分析了产物的比表面积,最后研究了复合材料对甲基橙的降解特性。结果表明,复合材料是由氧化锌纳米棒在活性炭颗粒表面上包覆生长而形成的,其中氧化锌具有六方纤锌矿结构。复合材料在紫外光条件下对甲基橙的降解性能明显优于其各自单独使用的效果,表现出良好的协同催化效应。 相似文献
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Impregnation of ZnO onto activated carbon under hydrothermal conditions and its photocatalytic properties 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K. Byrappa A. K. Subramani S. Ananda K. M. Lokanatha Rai M. H. Sunitha B. Basavalingu K. Soga 《Journal of Materials Science》2006,41(5):1355-1362
Zinc oxide photocatalyst was impregnated onto the activated carbon under mild hydrothermal conditions (T=150°C, P = 20–30
bars) to form a ZnO:AC composite material. The ZnO:AC composite was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET surface area measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As-prepared ZnO:AC composite
exhibited higher photocatalytic activity when compared to the commercial ZnO and untreated activated carbon; this was testified
by the degradation of acid violet dye using ZnO:AC and commercial ZnO. The effect of various parameters such as initial dye
concentration, catalyst loading, pH of the medium, source and intensity of illumination on the photocatalytic degradation
of acid violet using ZnO:AC were investigated. Real time textile effluents have also been considered for the degradation using
ZnO:AC composites. The reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) values of the treated effluents revealed a complete destruction
of the organic molecules along with the color removal. 相似文献
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Jin W Qu WW Srinivasakannan C Peng JH Duan XH Zhang SM 《Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology》2012,12(8):6231-6239
The process parameters of one step preparation of ZnO/Activated Carbon (AC) composite materials, from vinyl acetate synthesis spent catalyst were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and the central composite rotatable design (CCD). Regeneration temperature, time and flow rate of CO2 were the process variables, while the iodine number and the yield were the response variables. All the three process variables were found to significantly influence the yield of the regenerated carbon, while only the regeneration temperature and CO2 flow rate were found to significantly affect the iodine number. The optimized process conditions that maximize the yield and iodine adsorption capacity were identified to be a regeneration temperature of 950 degrees C, time of 120 min and flow rate of CO2 of 600 ml/min, with the corresponding yield and iodine number to be in excess of 50% and 1100 mg/g. The BET surface area of the regenerated composite was estimated to be 1263 m2/g, with micropore to mesopore ratio of 0.75. The pore volume was found to have increased 6 times as compared to the spent catalyst. The composite material (AC/ZnO) with high surface area and pore volume coupled with high yield augur economic feasibility of the process. EDS and XRD spectrum indicate presence of ZnO in the regenerated samples. 相似文献
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In this present study, Ag-hybridized ZnO was prepared through a powder-sol method first, then Ag/ZnO-AC (activated carbon) composite was synthesized by a adsorption method using Ag/ZnO and AC as precursors. The structure and morphology of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), Raman spectra, and diffuse reflectance absorption spectra, respectively. The photocatalytic performances of the prepared catalysts were investigated by photocatalystic degradation of methyl orange. The influences of initial pH value, initial dye concentration and the calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity of the catalysts were investigated and the results were discussed. Comparing with pure ZnO and ZnO-AC, Ag/ZnO-AC composite showed greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity. The results demonstrate that the hybridization of silver, activated carbon and ZnO can significantly improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. This work could provide new insights into the fabrication of noble metal/ZnO-carbon based composites and facilitate their application in environmental protection issues. 相似文献
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PbS量子点/ZnO纳米片复合膜的制备及其光电化学性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过两步法合成PbS量子点(QDs)修饰ZnO纳米片复合膜. 首先利用电化学法在掺氟的SnO2导电玻璃(FTO)上生长ZnO纳米片, 然后在ZnO纳米片上通过逐次化学浴法沉积PbS量子点形成PbS/ZnO复合膜. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)详细表征了样品的表面形貌和晶体结构, 并研究了PbS/ZnO复合膜作为量子点敏化太阳能电池光阳极的紫外-可见吸收谱、光电化学性能和表面光电压谱. 对比ZnO纳米片经PbS量子点修饰前后, 发现PbS量子点修饰后光阳极的光吸收和光伏响应均从紫外区拓宽到了可见光区, 同时光电化学性能有了显著提高, 短路电流密度从敏化前的0.1 mA/cm2增加到0.7 mA/cm2, 效率由0.04%增加到0.57%. 与单一ZnO纳米片相比, PbS/ZnO复合膜的表面光伏响应强度明显增强, 说明PbS与ZnO之间形成了有利于光生电荷分离的异质结, 从而导致了PbS/ZnO复合膜光电性能的增加. 相似文献
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采用静电纺丝法制备了多级中空结构的SnO2纳米纤维, 然后将SnO2纳米纤维置于90℃乙酸锌溶液中, 恒温水浴条件下, 在SnO2纳米纤维上生长了ZnO纳米球, 形成了异质结构的SnO2/ZnO复合纳米纤维。分别通过XRD、SEM、EDX和XPS等表征手段对异质复合纳米纤维SnO2/ZnO材料的结构、形貌及元素含量进行了表征分析。异质结构的SnO2/ZnO复合纳米纤维保持了SnO2纳米纤维多级中空的纤维结构, SnO2纳米纤维长度约为300 nm, 依附于SnO2纤维表面的SnO2纳米颗粒生长的ZnO纳米球直径为250~300 nm。采用静态气体测试系统对异质复合纳米纤维SnO2/ZnO气敏元件的气敏性能进行了测试。测试结果表明: 异质复合纳米纤维SnO2/ZnO气敏元件在最佳工作温度350℃下, 对(0.5~100)×10-6丙酮具有优异的响应灵敏度、较好的选择性和长期稳定性。异质复合纳米纤维SnO2/ZnO中存在于ZnO纳米球与SnO2纳米颗粒间的N-N同型异质结导致复合材料晶界势垒高度的降低, 改善了电子与空穴的输运特性, 促使SnO2/ZnO异质复合纳米纤维的吸附能力大大增强, 从而改善了SnO2/ZnO元件的丙酮敏感特性。 相似文献
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以玉米淀粉为基体、竹粉为增强体,甘油/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)混合物作为增塑剂,偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)/氧化锌(ZnO)为发泡剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为相容剂,用注塑发泡法制备淀粉基热塑性发泡材料(NFSC)。通过研究不同助剂配比及添加量对NFSC的相容性、力学性能、塑化效果及发泡效果的影响,优化配方设计,改善材料性能,以得到高品质、轻量化的淀粉基热塑性发泡材料。研究表明:甘油/ DOP质量比为6:1,且添加质量分数为30%时,NFSC的塑化效果良好;AC/ZnO质量比为2:1,且添加质量分数为3%时,NFSC的发泡效果良好;添加PVA质量分数约为11%时,竹粉与淀粉基体间界面相容性较好。 相似文献
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Pure ZnO films and ZnO nanoparticle-dispersed polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite films are prepared on Pyrex glass substrates by the sol–gel dip-coating technique utilizing zinc acetate precursor. The thin films are extensively characterized for surface morphology, chemistry, and nanocrystallite size using various advanced analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For the processing conditions considered, ZnO semiconductor thin films with nanocrystallite size 20–30 nm are obtained. The ZnO nanoparticle size in the PVP composite film increases with increase in ZnO content. The resistance of both the synthesized ZnO and ZnO/PVP thin films decrease significantly after exposure to solution containing superoxide anion radicals (SOR). The results thus indicate that ZnO and ZnO/PVP composite thin films can be used as biosensors for SOR and potentially for characterizing the antioxidant properties of fluids. 相似文献
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以VO2(B)纳米棒为内核, 利用液相生长法制备了VO2(B)/ZnO异质复合纳米棒, 研究了ZnO生长溶液浓度对复合结构微观形貌和气敏性能的影响规律。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对复合结构样品的微观形貌和结晶取向进行表征, 并测试了复合结构对NH3的敏感性能。实验结果表明, 随着ZnO种子液浓度的增大, ZnO逐渐由纳米颗粒生长为纳米棒结构, 当ZnO种子液浓度为0.01 mol/L时, ZnO呈棒状沿径向发散生长在VO2(B)纳米棒表面, 形成树枝状VO2(B)/ZnO异质复合纳米棒结构, 这一结构在室温下表现出对NH3的高灵敏度和突出的选择性, 其灵敏度最大可达5.6, 对NH3的响应时间最短仅为2 s。在室温下表现出的优良NH3敏感性能, 主要与高密度的VO2(B)/ZnO异质结和树枝状结构有关。研究结果为低功耗高灵敏度NH3气敏传感器的研制提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体塑料,偶氮二甲酰胺与氧化锌复配物为发泡剂,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,采用两步模压发泡法制备了HDPE/竹粉复合发泡材料,并研究了交联剂对复合材料密度和回弹性能、发泡性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明:当交联剂的添加质量分数为0.6%时,HDPE/竹粉复合发泡材料的密度达最小值,为0.054 g/cm~3;回弹率达最大值,为90.5%;当交联剂的添加质量分数为0.4%时,复合发泡材料的泡孔分布相对多而均匀,弯曲强度达最大值,为29.3 MPa,相比未发泡材料约低8.2%,冲击强度为6.8 k J/m~2,相比未发泡材料约低16%。 相似文献