转轮除湿复合式空调系统的探讨

转轮除湿复合式空调系统利用转轮除湿处理新风用于承担室内湿负荷,室内显热冷负荷和新风显热冷负荷由干冷设备承担,可有效地控制室内温度和湿度.复合式空调系统采用热回收装置可有效地节约新风冷负荷和提高除湿能力,当新风送风温度等于室内设计温度时,系统冷水采用高温冷水(18/21℃),可有效地提高制冷机组性能系数,节约制冷能耗42.83%.但转轮除湿再生能耗过高,复合式空调系统总能耗远大于传统空调系统,降低转轮除湿再生能耗是复合式空调系统应用的关键问题.     

夏热冬冷地区辐射空调系统小型化和防结露问题的探讨

毛细管辐射空调系统具有优良的热舒适性能、无室内噪声影响、高效节能等特点,但受系统庞大复杂、造价较高、夏季易结露等因素影响,限制了辐射空调在夏热冬冷及高湿度地区进一步推广应用.在毛细管辐射空调系统小型化和防止结露的探索实践中,采取温湿度独立控制及新风冷凝除湿方式能使结构简化,加大在别墅及高档住宅中应用的灵活性,采取新风除湿和被动式吸湿材料共同承担室内湿负荷的技术方案,以及减少维护结构水蒸汽渗透量和利用“空气湖”效应,有助于避免维护结构表面结露现象.     

极端条件下住宅建筑辐射吊顶与独立新风复合空调系统设计

以北京某小区辐射吊顶与独立新风复合空调系统为例,对室内外极端条件下的冷负荷特性进行分析,结合新风处理机组出风温度与冷冻水入口温度所能达到的实际最大差值,讨论极端条件下新风的处理方案。认为在单位面积湿负荷小于8.4g/(h·m~2)时,可采用单独冷水盘管除湿;单位面积湿负荷在8.4～17.6g/(h·m~2)之间时,可采用冷水盘管与直膨式蒸发盘管串联除湿;单位面积湿负荷大于17.6g/(h·m~2)时,可采用加大除湿风量的方法除湿。     

医院建筑空调内区新风系统运行策略分析

针对常年存在稳定冷负荷的空调内区房间,因新风系统不分区会存在温湿度达不到设计要求或"冷热抵消"的现象。本文以潍坊地区某医院空调内区房间(诊室)为例,该房间采用相对独立的新风系统(多联机+新风系统),为确保全年室内温度维持在22～26℃,相对湿度维持在40%～60%的范围内,以室外新风含湿量为标准划分"冬季""夏季"和"过渡季节",通过对全年不同季节室外新风处理过程的分析,制定不同季节新风系统的运行策略。     

户式热湿分控空调机组的设计与性能实验研究

针对热湿地区的特点和目前该地区房间空调器遇到的问题,研究开发了一种户式热湿分控空调机组,该机组可以分开处理室内的显热和潜热负荷,分别调节室内温度和湿度,从而提高室内舒适度和降低能耗.这里采用焓差法对该热湿分控机组进行实验,测定了其季节能效比(SEER)为3.932;并设计正交实验,研究了室外温度、室内温度、室内湿度、压缩机频率和风侧冷剂比例对机组性能的影响,得出了各影响因素对机组除湿量、能效比和制冷量的影响;并在室外温度、室内温度和湿度一定的情况下,对压缩机频率和风侧冷剂比例进行全析因正交实验,结果表明,热湿分控机组的除湿量在0～4.02kg/h之间变化,随压缩机频率的变化比率约为0.07～0.08 (kg/h)/Hz,随风侧冷剂比例变化的比率约为0.65～0.8kg/h/(10％);能效比在2.71～4.57之间变化,随压缩机频率的变化比率约为-0.033～-0.046/Hz,随风侧冷剂比例变化的比率约为-0.12～-0.17/(10％);制冷量在6822～13080W之间变化,随压缩机频率的变化比率约为118～154W/Hz,随风侧冷剂比例变化的比率约为-489～-676W/(10％).     

方家山模拟机房温湿度控制异常处理方案分析及应用

方家山模拟机房为某核电站的精密试验室机房,要求室内温度为22℃±1℃,相对湿度为55%±5%。机房空调主机采用分体单元式恒温恒湿机组,但该机组在运行过程中出现夏季及过渡季节压缩机启停频繁现象,导致机房温湿度波动大及机组运行不节能等问题。通过优化机组控制程序,增大机组能量调节范围,使机组冷量输出与实际负荷更好匹配,满足温湿度控制精度要求,并达到节能运行的目的。     

一种新型前置预冷转轮除湿复合空调系统

提出了一种新型前置预冷转轮除湿复合空调系统,除湿转轮采用第Ⅲ类吸湿剂。对利用该系统用于独立新风系统的可行性进行了性能分析。结果表明,在华南地区夏季两种典型工况下,该转轮除湿采用再生温度为45℃就可以满足室内湿度的要求;对于相对湿度为90％且温度低于36.7℃的高温高湿工况,该转轮除湿采用再生温度为60℃仍可以满足室内湿度的要求;但与除湿转轮采用第Ⅰ类或第Ⅱ类吸湿剂相比,不能达到更低的送风露点温度。因此,该系统方案所需再生温度较低,较适用于高品质/舒适性空调方面。     

溶液除湿新风机组控制策略仿真

利用Simulink构建由物性、传质单元数、空气和溶液出口参数等计算模块组成的溶液除湿新风机组仿真模型,分别将新风流量、溶液流量、溶液温度和溶液质量分数作为调节手段,分析其对机组送风含湿量的影响,并以除湿率为评价指标评价4种调节手段的优劣,提出适合夏季高温高湿和过渡季低温高湿工况溶液除湿新风机组的调节控制方案。仿真结果表明:夏季高温高湿工况溶液除湿新风机组应优先考虑调节新风流量和溶液质量分数;过渡季低温高湿工况溶液除湿新风机组应优先考虑调节溶液温度和溶液质量分数。     

具有调温除湿功能空调系统的实验研究

为综合考虑温度和湿度的需求,本文提出一种具有升温和调温除湿功能的房间空调系统,并根据本机组在空调和除湿模式下的系统运行性能,找到最佳的除湿模式和压缩机控制方案。结果表明,该机组可实现空调模式、升温除湿模式和调温除湿模式;调温除湿模式比升温除湿模式的出风温度低约7%,出风相对湿度低约27%;前者的除湿量约为后者的2.8倍,单位功率除湿量约为后者的2.6倍;当室外温度<18℃时,启用升温除湿模式,压缩机可采取变频调节方式;当18 ℃≤室外温度≤24 ℃时,启用调温除湿模式,压缩机可采用“容量调节+变频”方式。该系统可有效解决长江中下游地区的房间空调器除湿后送冷风的问题。     

新型一体式除湿热泵空调循环夏季工况实验研究

传统热泵空调采用能效极低的冷凝除湿,因此需要增强除湿能力,提高能效。本文基于表面涂覆吸附剂的除湿换热器,提出一种新型一体式除湿热泵空调循环。建立了实验测试台,测试此新型循环在典型夏季工况下的送风含湿量、除湿量、送风温度及COP,并分析了关键运行参数对系统性能的影响。结果表明:新型一体式除湿热泵空调循环除湿效果良好,除湿量约为7.9 g/(kg干空气),且系统COP能达到5.2以上,新、回风温度的变化会影响送风温度和COP,新、回风含湿量的变化会影响送风温度、送风含湿量、除湿量及COP。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the