基于相似理论对水下复杂壳体的振动和声辐射预报

采用有限元和球函数相结合的方法，建立水下复杂壳体——两端带半球壳的加肋弹性圆柱壳的振动、耦合振动和声辐射方程，运用方程分析法，导出水下复杂壳体的振动、耦合振动和声辐射的相似关系，根据建立的相似关系实现对壳体的振动响应和声辐射的预报。采用大型有限元软件ANSYS对具有相似关系的模型和原型的振动响应和尸场进行分析，算例表明，方法切实可行并且为预报水下大型复杂结构体的振动响应和耦合声场提供了一种简洁、实用的研究方法。     

水下圆柱壳声学代理模型优化设计

为了提高水下结构声学计算的效率,采用有限元软件进行水下圆柱壳结构声辐射分析,建立声学分析近似代理模型,给出壳体结构几何尺寸与水下声辐射特性的显式解析表达式,简化声学计算,建立高效的结构声学优化设计模型。利用拉丁超立方取样方法进行样本点的选取,分别采用多项式响应面法、Kriging函数和径向基函数法构造水下双层圆柱壳结构的声辐射代理模型。通过比较三种代理模型的拟合精度,选择三种代理模型建立双层圆柱壳结构水下声辐射优化设计模型,并采用Matlab进行尺寸优化,减轻了结构质量。该研究为水下结构声辐射预报和声学设计提供参考。     

水中结构振动时声学相似性的数值验证

摘 要：以声学相似性原理为基础,用因次理论得到了在相似准数相等条件下的无因次系数,给出了模型和原型声学相似的条件。采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元方法计算水下相似加肋圆柱壳模型的流固耦合振动和声辐射。数值计算表明在相似条件下几何相似模型的壳体振动声学传递函数及其谱峰频率满足相似性,水下的模态、流固耦合振动响应以及声辐射均满足相似关系,并且与理论结果能够符合。     

基于声固耦合法的双体船水下近场噪声特性研究

基于声固耦合法,建立双球壳结构及双体船结构水下噪声数值预报模型,对双球壳结构及双体船结构在单侧及双侧潜体受激下的水下近场噪声特性进行分析。研究表明,潜体结构会对双体船水下近场噪声特性产生较大影响,在特定的潜体间距、声波频率之下,潜体之间区域会出现噪声亮点,从而使双体船水下近场噪声特性异于单体船舶。     

双层圆柱壳噪声预报及统计能量参数灵敏度分析

采用统计能量分析方法，建立水下有限长双层圆柱壳体结构机械噪声预报模型。在已知内层壳体振动速度的情况下，计算出流场中距外层壳体一定距离处的声压级。利用统计能量分析软件AutoSEA2进行建模仿真，通过对统计能量分析重要参数的敏感性分析，得到了一些有价值的结论，对水下结构声学设计具有重要意义。     

无限长双层加肋圆柱壳水下声辐射解析计算

建立了无限长双层加肋圆柱壳水下声辐射解析计算方法,计算模型采用了Donnell壳体理论,考虑环肋、舱壁和实肋板对内外圆柱壳径向反作用力,利用傅氏变换和模态展开在波数域建立了这种计算模型的声弹耦合控制方程.文中推导了所有结构部件以及水介质的速度阻抗表达式,利用稳相法得到远场辐射声压.计算表明,实肋板和舷间水都是重要的声传递通道,在双层圆柱壳水下声辐射计算时必须考虑实肋板和舷间水的振动传递,双层圆柱壳水下声辐射对结构参数(壳板厚度、舷间距离等)变化不敏感.     

以实测振动数据为输入的水下结构振动与辐射噪声预报

为了满足水下结构振动与声学预报的需要，本文基于有限元/边界元法，采用以实测振动数据作为输入对水下结构振动与辐射噪声进行预报。预报采用大阻抗方法。使用大阻抗方法时，在建立结构有限元模型时，在振动测点建立一个虚构的单元，使得测点处具有很大的阻抗，并在测点施加一个相关的激振力，使得在该激振力的作用下测点处具有等于实测振动的响应，从而实现实测振动数据的输入。依据所测物理量的不同，大阻抗法可分为大质量方法和大刚度方法。如果测点振动响应能够完全描述测点“上游”激振源特性，则无须考虑测点“上游”的激振设备相关参数，这为水下结构振动与辐射噪声预报提供了便利。     

基于振动功率流的板-壳耦合结构振动传递特性研究

为探究板壳间的振动传递机理,建立一种L型板-圆柱壳耦合结构有限元模型,并结合有限元理论给出板壳间振动传递功率的计算方法。利用ANSYS计算板-壳耦合结构的振动传递功率,分析L型板夹角、板长、板厚及激励等因素对结构振动传递的影响。研究发现,可以通过减小L型板夹角、增大板长和板厚、合理调整激励方向及位置等方式降低结构振动传递功率,减小板壳间振动传递的能量,改善结构的振动传递特性。     

充液压电阻尼圆柱壳的有限元建模

基于Mindlin板理论、压电理论、粘弹性理论和理想流体方程，对充液圆柱壳主动约束阻尼结构在流固耦合条件下的建模进行了研究。利用拉格朗日方法得到结构的动力学方程，利用GHM方法描述粘弹性阻尼的本构关系，结合流体方程建立主动约束阻尼结构在流固耦合条件下的动力学方程。建立从压电材料的电压到流固耦合边界下的圆柱壳结构振动的频响函数，利用实验结果对理论计算加以验证，结果表明该建模方法是可行的。     

大坝升船机－承船厢耦合振动被动与半主动控制

大坝升船机是利用机械装置升降船舶使之快速过坝的重要通航建筑物。承船厢是引导船舶过坝的载体，是大坝升船机的核心设备。由于承船厢的体形与质量巨大，在地震作用下将与升船机塔柱之间发生复杂的耦合振动。以三峡大坝升船机为工程背景，利用动力等效原理，将传统的升船机三维板壳有限元模型简化为三维杆系有限元模型；通过静力缩聚建立适用于升船机结构耦合振动分析的数值模型，验证对升船机塔柱和承船厢耦合振动进行控制的必要性；讨论弹簧、黏滞液体阻尼器和磁流变液阻尼器三种连接装置对地震作用下结构耦合振动的控制效果。计算结果显示，与被动控制装置相比，采用合适半主动控制策略的磁流变液阻尼器具有更好的减振效果，在实际工程中有着广阔的应用前景。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.