挤压镁合金AM60的腐蚀疲劳

研究了加载频率、溶液pH值、氯离子浓度和氟化物转化膜等对挤压镁合金AM60疲劳寿命的影响,讨论了疲劳机理及AlMn相的作用.结果表明:在空气中10 Hz以下,疲劳寿命与频率有一定的关系;而在10 Hz以上,疲劳寿命与频率无关.AM60在中性溶液中疲劳寿命最短,在碱性溶液中疲劳寿命最长.氯离子能明显地降低疲劳寿命,含氟转化膜提高腐蚀疲劳寿命的作用不明显.断口分析表明,挤压镁合金AM60疲劳裂纹的形成与AlMn相粒子有关.在空气中,疲劳裂纹源为AlMn相粒子;而在溶液介质中,腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生于AlMn相粒子周围的点蚀坑.     

AF1410与300M钢的腐蚀冲击疲劳行为

根据舰载飞机起落的服务条件提出了腐蚀冲击概念和试验方法，考察了两种起落架材料在盐水中的腐蚀冲击疲劳行为，包括冲击疲劳寿命，裂纹萌生与扩展速率。尽管两种材料在空气中的冲击疲劳寿命几乎相等。但300M钢在盐水中的冲击疲劳寿命下降幅度较大。在盐水介质中，氢脆加速300M钢冲击疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。局部塑性变形区优先腐蚀促使AF1410钢的裂纹萌生，盐水对AF1410钢的裂纹扩展速率没有影响。     

镁合金疲劳的研究进展

对近年来有关镁合金疲劳的研究进行了总结,考察了材料性质、腐蚀介质、高温环境等多种因素对镁合金疲劳性能的影响,并对裂纹萌生及扩展方式进行了分析,归纳了提高镁合金疲劳性能的方法--改善材料质量及表面强化处理或涂层处理,对镁合金疲劳性能的研究进行了展望.     

环境,频率,介质作用方式对35NCD16钢疲劳性能的影响

本文研究了环境、频率、介质作用方式对３５ＮＤＣ１６钢疲劳性能的影响，并利用扫描电镜分析了试样断口形貌。研究结果表明：在１×１０＾６疲劳寿命时，３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的疲劳强度仅为空气的３０％，频率、介质作用方式对疲劳强度都有影响，腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生与腐蚀坑密切相关，并讨论了影响因素机理。     

Ti60钛合金中富钕稀土相颗粒对叶片室温振动疲劳性能的影响

采用振动疲劳实验及SEM断口分析等方法,研究了含稀土元素Nd的Ti60高温钛合金稀土相颗粒对叶片振动疲劳裂纹萌生的影响.结果表明:叶片振动疲劳寿命与稀土相颗粒的尺寸和分布位置具有密切关系.稀土相颗粒尺寸越大,对叶片振动疲劳裂纹的萌生作用也越大,疲劳寿命降低;外露于或镶嵌于叶片表面的稀土相颗粒明显促进了叶片振动疲劳裂纹的萌生.     

TC4钛合金复合加载下超高周疲劳性能研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对航空发动机压气机叶片在实际工况下的超高周疲劳断裂问题,研究了三种锻造温度下TC4钛合金三点弯曲–轴向拉伸复合加载的疲劳破坏行为。试验结果表明,S-N曲线呈直线下降型和双平台型,采用985℃近锻造时疲劳性能最好。随着应力幅值降低,裂纹由表面萌生向次表面萌生转变,断口形貌呈现准解理断裂特征。表面裂纹萌生于α晶界或α-β相界,由位错滑移堆积导致;而次表面裂纹萌生于刻面,由初生α相解理导致。疲劳寿命由裂纹萌生阶段主导,且所占比例随总寿命的增加而变大。双态组织中初生α含量和尺寸均小于等轴组织,且β转变组织含量更高,从而具备更好的疲劳性能。轴向拉伸改变了试件的轴向应力分布,有利于提高裂纹萌生于次表面的概率,使裂纹起源点向内部迁移。     

冷挤压GH4169合金孔结构疲劳性能与断口分析EI北大核心CSCD

对G H4169合金中心孔板材进行冷挤压强化,研究其挤压前后825MPa/600℃/R=0.1疲劳寿命,分析挤压前后表面粗糙度变化和疲劳过程中的残余应力场演化,并细致观察两件挤压试样不同寿命(分别为25105周次和10719周次)断口以分析表面完整性对疲劳过程的作用.结果表明:相比原始试样,冷挤压强化后试样中值疲劳寿命估计量提高了1倍,挤压后较低的表面粗糙度和疲劳过程中稳定的残余应力场是疲劳寿命提高的主要原因.同时,挤压后疲劳寿命标准差增大.由断口定量分析可知,两件试样距疲劳源区0.1mm之后的扩展寿命相当,而萌生寿命(分别为18786周次和5915周次)却相差巨大.造成孔挤压后寿命分散性大的原因是0.1mm以内的裂纹萌生寿命差别.为提高孔结构疲劳性能稳定性,挤压时应注意近表层表面完整性的控制.     

航空铝合金原位腐蚀疲劳性能及断裂机理EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究不同腐蚀条件下2024铝合金的疲劳性能,首先设计搭建原位腐蚀疲劳平台,然后分别进行无腐蚀疲劳、预腐蚀疲劳和原位腐蚀疲劳实验,分析不同腐蚀疲劳条件下2024铝合金的疲劳断裂行为,最后利用扫描电镜(SEM)表征宏、微观断口特征,探究失效机理。结果表明:相同腐蚀环境和时间下,预腐蚀和原位腐蚀疲劳寿命分别为无腐蚀疲劳寿命的92%和42%;在原位腐蚀疲劳条件下,滑移带挤入、挤出导致表面粗糙度增加,吸附较多腐蚀介质,加剧蚀坑演化,易于裂纹萌生并形成多个裂纹源。裂纹的连通形成更大尺寸的损伤,并在材料内部快速扩展。预腐蚀和原位腐蚀疲劳试件断口观察到大量脆性疲劳条带,并且原位腐蚀疲劳条带平均间距约为无腐蚀疲劳条带间距的2倍,说明原位腐蚀疲劳条件下裂纹扩展速率更快。     

冷挤压GH4169合金孔结构疲劳性能与断口分析

对GH4169合金中心孔板材进行冷挤压强化,研究其挤压前后825 MPa/600℃/R=0.1疲劳寿命,分析挤压前后表面粗糙度变化和疲劳过程中的残余应力场演化,并细致观察两件挤压试样不同寿命(分别为25105周次和10719周次)断口以分析表面完整性对疲劳过程的作用。结果表明:相比原始试样,冷挤压强化后试样中值疲劳寿命估计量提高了1倍,挤压后较低的表面粗糙度和疲劳过程中稳定的残余应力场是疲劳寿命提高的主要原因。同时,挤压后疲劳寿命标准差增大。由断口定量分析可知,两件试样距疲劳源区0.1 mm之后的扩展寿命相当,而萌生寿命(分别为18786周次和5915周次)却相差巨大。造成孔挤压后寿命分散性大的原因是0.1 mm以内的裂纹萌生寿命差别。为提高孔结构疲劳性能稳定性,挤压时应注意近表层表面完整性的控制。     

核电主管道不锈钢在高温高压水环境下的疲劳裂纹萌生行为

利用腐蚀疲劳测试系统研究了高温高压水环境下两种压水堆核电站一回路主管道用不锈钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生行为。结果表明,316LN奥氏体不锈钢的裂纹主要在材料表面的驻留滑移带处萌生,少量裂纹在两簇驻留滑移带交界的亚晶界面处。含有少量铁素体的Z3CN20.09M奥氏体不锈钢的疲劳裂纹依次在试样表面的驻留滑移带处、相界处和点蚀坑处萌生,但主要是在驻留滑移带处。通过研究高温高压水环境下氧化膜的组成和腐蚀疲劳试样横截面的形貌,分析了疲劳裂纹在滑移带处萌生的机理。最后对比分析两种不锈钢裂纹萌生机制的异同,并讨论了铁素体对材料腐蚀疲劳性能的影响。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.