声呐导流罩内声场特性研究

为研究机械激励下声呐导流罩壳内噪声预报问题,采用数值计算(有限元法-边界元法)结合实验的方法对一导流罩模型的壳内声场进行研究。首先依据实际导流罩模型建模,并加载机械激励进行数值计算,得到壳内声场的均方声压,然后进行湖内实验测量,最后对比了数值计算和实验的结果。研究表明:有限元法加间接边界元法是分析导流罩内声场这种封闭结构流-固-声耦合问题的有效方法;导流罩壳内声场的数值计算结果与实验测量结果吻合较好;声场均方声压与结构均方振速之比反映了罩壳结构内平均声场特性,可用来对比分析数值计算和实验的结果。     

Modeling of finite-amplitude sound beams: second order fields generated by a parametric loudspeaker

The nonlinear interaction of sound waves in air has been applied to sound reproduction for audio applications. A directional audible sound can be generated by amplitude-modulating the ultrasound carrier with an audio signal, then transmitting it from a parametric loudspeaker. This brings the need of a computationally efficient model to describe the propagation of finite-amplitude sound beams for the system design and optimization. A quasilinear analytical solution capable of fast numerical evaluation is presented for the second-order fields of the sum-, difference-frequency and second harmonic components. It is based on a virtual-complex-source approach, wherein the source field is treated as an aggregation of a set of complex virtual sources located in complex distance, then the corresponding fundamental sound field is reduced to the computation of sums of simple functions by exploiting the integrability of Gaussian functions. By this result, the five-dimensional integral expressions for the second-order sound fields are simplified to one-dimensional integrals. Furthermore, a substantial analytical reduction to sums of single integrals also is derived for an arbitrary source distribution when the basis functions are expressible as a sum of products of trigonometric functions. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by a comparison of numerical results with experimental data previously published for the rectangular ultrasonic transducer.     

聚焦型热声转换装置的特性

设计了一种新型的聚焦型热声转换装置,主要由加热层、绝缘层和储热层三层结构构成。当加热层输入交变电信号时,由于焦耳热效应及各层材料的热力学特性,其表面附近区域内气体压力产生交变的振荡,加热层的凹球表面会使产生的声波在某一区域聚焦。通过对装置进行数值模拟与实验研究,得出声波聚焦区域及聚焦点声压强度随声波频率的变化情况。装置可作为一种新型的声学聚焦换能装置,工作频率涉及可听及超声频域,无共振,无运动部件。这一研究具有一定的应用价值。     

水下稳态涡流场声传播的数值模拟和实验研究

声波穿过涡流场时声传播特性会发生改变,可由此判断涡流场的存在及其特征参数。文章首先推导了二维稳态涡流场的射线微分方程组,实现了声波通过涡流场的声线轨迹模拟。然后开展水池超声传感器实验,采用现代计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)仿真方法获取涡流场参数。最后将通过涡流场声信号的时延结果,与实验测量值进行对比分析。结果表明,对于涡核半径为30 mm,最大切向速度为1.2 m·s^-1的涡流场,数值模拟误差小于10%,验证了基于射线声学的水下稳态涡流场声传播数值模拟的有效性。     

超指向性扬声器的系统设计与测试

超指向性扬声器是一种利用声波在空气中传播的非线性由不可听超声产生可听声的参量阵装置,这种声源相比相同大小的传统扬声器,可以产生非常强的指向性、像聚光灯光束一样的宽带可听声束.文章介绍了超指向性扬声器的基本原理,给出了一个基于模拟电路的系统实现方案,并着重介绍了基于所完成的工程样机所做的频率响应、总谐波失真和指向性测试及相关实验分析,还讨论了进一步工作的发展方向.     

A Flexible Loudspeaker Using the Movement of Liquid Metal Induced by Electrochemically Controlled Interfacial Tension

A flexible liquid metal loudspeaker (LML) is demonstrated consisting of a gallium‐based eutectic liquid metal (Galinstan) and basic aqueous electrolyte (NaOH_(aq)). The LML is driven by liquid metal motion induced by the electrochemically controlled interfacial tension of the Galinstan in NaOH_(aq) electrolyte under an applied alternating current (AC) voltage. The fabricated LML produces sound waves in the human audible frequency band with a sound pressure level of ≈40–50 dB at 1 cm from the device and exhibits mechanical stability under bending deformation with a bending radius of 3 mm. Various sounds can be generated with the LML from a single tone to piano notes and human voices. To understand the underlying mechanism of sound generation by the LML, motion analyses, sound measurements, and electrical characterization are conducted at various frequencies. For the first time, this work suggests a new type of liquid metal‐based electrochemically driven sound generator in the field of flexible acoustic devices that can be applied to future wearable electronics.     

圆柱绕流气动噪声数值分析

为了快速预测刚性圆柱绕流的气动噪声,研究了一种将离散涡方法(DVM)和涡声理论结合起来计算低马赫数、高雷诺数流场气动噪声的方法。首先用Oseen粘性涡模型改进了离散涡方法并模拟了圆柱绕流,分析结果与实际情况相符。根据流场计算的结果,应用涡声理论进一步计算了远场的声压。测点的总声压级与实验值及其他数值计算结果都比较吻合。最后绘制了声场的指向性特性曲线,表明圆柱绕流声场明显的偶极子特性。     

Telephony Speech Enhancement by Data Hiding

The current public switched telephone network (PSTN) is only able to deliver analog signals in a relatively narrow frequency band, about 200-3500 Hz. Such a limited bandwidth causes the typical sound of the narrowband telephone speech. In order to improve intelligibility and perceived quality of telephone speech, we propose using data hiding to extend the PSTN channel bandwidth. Based on the perceptual masking principle, the inaudible spectrum components within the telephone bandwidth can be removed without degrading the speech quality, providing a hidden channel to transmit extra information. The audible components outside the PSTN bandwidth, which are spread out by using orthogonal pseudo-noise codes, are embedded into this hidden channel and then transmitted through the PSTN channel. While this hidden signal is not audible to the human ear, it can be extracted at the receiver end. It results in a final speech signal with a wider bandwidth than the normal PSTN channel. Using both theoretical and simulation analysis, it is shown that the proposed approach is robust to quantization errors and channel noises. Although we cannot physically extend the transmission bandwidth of PSTN, the telephony speech quality can be significantly improved by using the proposed data hiding technique     

超声针灸相控阵声场及控制模式研究

超声“针灸”是利用二维相控阵实现声能在皮下不同深度的聚焦,刺激特定穴位,从而模拟传统针灸手法的治疗技术。对设计的超声针灸相控阵在不同聚焦深度下的垂直聚焦声场和偏转声场进行仿真,并对焦域进行统计分析,明确了所设计的相控阵探头延时聚焦声场可以满足超声“针灸”的“针形”声场要求。基于声场仿真,还对超声“针灸”声场控制模式进行了仿真研究,研究结果表明:控制超声相控阵聚焦声场聚焦位置的上下移动以及偏转聚焦,可以模拟传统针灸的提、插以及进针角度的变化,为超声“针灸”进一步模拟传统针灸手法提供了理论依据。     

利用源强分布声辐射模态识别噪声源

为了解决噪声源识别中存在的识别精度不高、分辨率受限、对测量条件要求高等问题,提出了基于源强声辐射模态的噪声源识别方法。该方法首先计算结构的源强声辐射模态矩阵和声场分布模态矩阵,然后利用声场中测得的声压数据向量与结构声场分布模态矩阵的关系求出声辐射模态展开系数向量,最后通过声辐射模态矩阵和声辐射模态展开系数向量的积就可得到结构的源强分布,从而达到对噪声源识别的目的。该方法利用较少的测量点可以获得较高分辨率和识别精度。通过平板振动仿真和音箱实验验证了该方法对平面结构噪声源识别的有效性。