钨球高速侵彻中厚钢板成坑特性

采用57.5/14.5mm二级轻气炮对直径为7mm的钨球以1.900~2.350km/s的速度正侵彻20mm的A3钢板进行了试验研究,得到了不同速度下钨球对钢板的侵彻深度及侵彻孔形貌。采用AUTODYN-2D软件对钨球高速侵彻钢板过程进行了数值模拟研究,得到了侵彻过程中不同时刻弹靶形貌、应力分布等,并对侵彻孔形貌、侵彻孔孔径及侵彻深度进行了预测,其结果与试验结果吻合较好。在此基础上采用数值模拟方法研究了Φ5~Φ9mm钨球对不同厚度钢板的成坑特性。     

长杆弹机械式脱壳技术研究

为实现二级轻气炮发射长杆弹的弹托分离、充分发挥二级轻气炮的发射性能,提出了一种机械式脱壳系统设计。在二级轻气炮上应用该技术进行了脱壳试验,利用AUTODYN软件对该系统的工作过程进行了数值模拟,通过与试验结果比较,证明了数值模拟的准确性,最后通过数值模拟对不同速度条件下脱壳系统的工作性能进行了研究。结果表明:该脱壳技系统设计合理,在500～1 750 m/s速度范围内,均可实现对长杆弹的弹托分离,且效果理想;当发射速度低于1 500 m/s时,脱壳器损伤较小,可重复使用。     

N形装甲板抗穿甲弹侵彻性能数值模拟

面向军用车辆弹道防护需求,针对一种由孔板、斜板和基板组成的N形结构装甲板,进行了其抗7.62 mm穿甲弹侵彻性能的数值模拟分析。在验证数值模拟方法有效性的基础上,仿真了子弹对N形装甲板的侵彻过程并分析了其特殊的抗弹机理;研究了弹着点位置对装甲板抗弹性能的影响,结果表明,弹着点位置的不同会导致穿甲弹的侵彻路径和剩余速度的差异;通过对比贯穿3种构型孔板后弹体的偏转角度和完整性,发现锥形孔板对弹体姿态的改变和破坏更大;通过多组仿真得到了锥形孔N形装甲板的弹道极限。结果表明,与等质量均质钢板相比,锥形孔N形装甲板的弹道极限提高了12.5%。     

串联随进弹对预开孔跑道的斜侵彻研究

为研究反跑道串联子弹药后级随进战斗部在前级聚能开孔战斗部预先开出孔道情况下对机场跑道的随进侵彻性能,采用LS-DYNA动力学仿真分析软件分别对随进弹在不同随进速度,不同攻角及不同介质界面的条件下侵彻跑道的过程进行数值模拟,所得结果得到了理论分析和样弹实验的验证。研究结果对反跑道串联随进弹的设计具有参考价值。     

面向负压成型系统的缺陷改进评价方法研究北大核心CSCD

本文提出了一种面向负压成型系统的缺陷改进评价方法,即基于CFD-DEM双向耦合对负压成型系统在不同出口压力大小下进行模拟分析,得到成型面在负压作用下的速度和压力分布;以不均匀系数和最终筛面物料分布作为反映成型质量的重要评价指标,针对成型缺陷区域出现速度/压力数值集中的现象,对成型面的速度、压力均匀性进行参数优化以提高成型质量。最后将该方法应用于某面向纸尿裤棉芯层的负压成型系统中,结果表明,成型面的速度分布对棉芯层的成型缺陷现象有显著影响;在配风仓出口处设置环形挡圈可显著改善成型质量;当挡圈厚度s=140 mm、内径d=1000 mm及相对位置l=0 mm时,速度不均匀系数最大可下降44.2%,经仿真及实验验证成型质量得到了显著提升。     

管-杆伸出式弹芯垂直侵彻半无限靶机理研究

基于管-杆伸出式弹芯材料满足刚-塑性本构关系及该弹芯在侵彻过程中视为准定常运动等假设,通过分别对头部、管体、管与杆重合部及杆体等不同侵彻阶段的理论分析与推导,建立起该弹芯垂直侵彻半无限靶的简化模型。在1300 m/s~1500 m/s的速度范围内,对该弹芯进行了数值模拟与验证试验研究。通过对模型计算、数值模拟及试验结果之间的对比,表明简化模型及数值模拟方法的可靠性,得出了该弹芯垂直侵彻靶板所产生弹坑的形貌特征与形成机制,以及该弹芯在侵彻中的相对优势情况与侵彻深度随速度的变化规律。     

结构参数对截锥弹低速正侵彻装甲靶的影响

采用数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法,对截锥形动能弹低速正侵彻装甲靶作用行为进行了分析,获得了弹头锥角、前级半径和着靶速度对侵彻性能的影响特性,并对目前常用的侵彻理论模型进行了验证。数值模拟结果表明,弹头锥角和前级半径是影响截锥形动能弹侵彻性能的重要因素;着靶速度对侵彻深度和侵彻过载有显著影响,对弹体变形也有一定影响。实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好,而侵彻理论模型与实验结果有较大差别,侵彻模型并不适合分析存在一定变形的弹靶侵彻问题。     

箱梁断面静风力系数的CFD数值模拟

用计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟了桥梁跨中断面周围的风场特征,不仅能得到流场的压力、速度和涡旋的分布,还提取了箱梁断面的三分力系数。分别采用不同密度网格划分对主梁断面进行数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与风洞试验值进行比较,选取最合理的网格划分方法。然后,对某一大跨度桥梁跨中断面的箱梁模拟了从-5°至+5°共11个整数度风攻角工况的三分力系数。并将数值模拟结果与风洞试验进行了对比,给出了不同攻角下的压强和速度分布,验证了采用CFD技术模拟桥梁三分力系数方法的可行性与可靠性。     

椭球弹丸超高速撞击防护屏碎片云数值模拟

低地球轨道的各类航天器易受到微流星体及空间碎片的超高速撞击.本文采用AUTODYN软件进行了椭球弹丸超高速正撞击及斜撞击防护屏碎片云的数值模拟.给出了三维模拟的结果.研究了在相同质量的条件下,不同长径比椭球弹丸以不同速度和入射角撞击防护屏所产生碎片云的特性,并与球形弹丸撞击所应产生的碎片云特性进行了比较.结果表明:在相同的速度下,不同长径比椭球弹丸撞击的碎片云形状、质量分布和破碎程度是不同的,随撞击入射角的增加弹丸的破碎程度增大,滑弹碎片云的数量增加;随撞击速度的增加,弹丸的破碎程度也增加.     

高速微粒携基因侵入植物细胞的速度条件

本文围绕基因枪技术中用高速微粒向植物细胞中导入外源基因的速度条件，分析了其中的三个动力学过程：发射宏弹、加速微弹、侵入细胞．提出了气动撞击发射式基因枪中弹簧刚度应满足的条件；得到了一种用理论分析与试验测试相结合确定微弹出射速度的方法；找到了微弹侵入植物细胞的最小速度条件。从而为基因枪的设计提供了理论依据。     

收缩-扩张喷管内气固两相流运动规律研究

航空飞行器在简易跑道起飞或降落时,砂尘颗粒不可避免被发动机吸入,并与高速旋转的发动机叶片发生冲撞,导致叶片冲蚀损伤,显著降低发动机使用寿命,严重威胁飞行器的安全。试验中一般采用气动喷砂的方法将砂尘粒子加速至一定速度,并冲击试验件,以模拟发动机叶片的实际冲蚀过程。喷管是实现粒子加速的关键部件,该文通过试验和数值模拟对不同入口总压条件下收缩-扩张喷管加速砂尘颗粒的情况进行研究。实验中,通过压力传感器和双盘测速分别测量了喷管内壁静压和喷管出口处的颗粒速度;数值模拟中,采用实验入口总压条件,模拟了稀疏砂尘颗粒在喷管中的气固两相流运动,并详细分析了气流运动和颗粒的受力及加速情况。研究表明:数值模拟的气流压力分布及颗粒速度均与实验结果吻合;喷嘴出口处粒子速度随入口总压的增大而增大,且总压为0.23 MPa~0.4 MPa范围时的增长速率较大,而总压为0.4 MPa~0.56 MPa范围时的增长速率较小;粒子的加速主要发生在喷管的扩张段。     

Effect of the inlet angle on the performance of a cyclone separator using CFD-DEM

Hydrodynamic characteristics in a cyclone separator are simulated by means of DEM-CFD. Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM) is used to capture gas turbulence. By changing the inlet angle, the distributions of pressure drop, tangential and axial velocity of gas phase are obtained within the cyclone. Simulated results indicate that the flow pattern consists of two regions: loss-free vortex region and forced vortex region. The negative inlet angle brings about a larger pressure drop comparing to positive inlet angle. The separation efficiency and trajectory of particles from simulation are obtained. The effects of inlet angle and particle size on separation efficiency are quantified. The separation efficiency is increased with an increase of particle size, while the separation efficiency firstly increases and then declined as inlet angle changes from negative to positive. An agreement between the numerical simulation and experimental results has been achieved in a cyclone separator.     

Simulation and experimental studies on plasma temperature, flow velocity, and injector diameter effects for an inductively coupled plasma

An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is analyzed by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Important plasma properties are analyzed, namely, the effective temperature inside the central channel and the mean flow velocity inside the plasma. Furthermore, the effect of torches with different injector diameters is studied by the model. The temperature inside the central channel is determined from the end-on collected line-to-background ratio in dependence of the injector gas flow rates. Within the limits of 3% deviation, the results of the simulation and the experiments are in good agreement in the range of flow rates relevant for the analysis of relatively large droplets, i.e., ～50 μm. The deviation increases for higher gas flow rates but stays below 6% for all flow rates studied. The velocity of the gas inside the coil region was determined by side-on analyte emission measurements with single monodisperse droplet introduction and by the analysis of the injector gas path lines in the simulation. In the downstream region significantly higher velocities were found than in the upstream region in both the simulation and the experiment. The quantitative values show good agreement in the downstream region. In the upstream region, deviations were found in the absolute values which can be attributed to the flow conditions in that region and because the methods used for velocity determination are not fully consistent. Eddy structures are found in the simulated flow lines. These affect strongly the way taken by the path lines of the injector gas and they can explain the very long analytical signals found in the experiments at low flow rates. Simulations were performed for different injector diameters in order to find conditions where good analyte transport and optimum signals can be expected. The results clearly show the existence of a transition flow rate which marks the lower limit for effective analyte transport conditions through the plasma. A rule-of-thumb equation was extracted from the results from which the transition flow rate can be estimated for different injector diameters and different injector gas compositions.     

粘着应力拉伸过程数值模拟及粘着应力模型

为了精确计算粘性介质压力成形过程中粘性介质/板材界面粘性附着作用,分析了压力、剪切速率、温度等因素对粘着应力的影响,提出了粘着应力计算模型.将提出的粘着应力模型引入有限元分析软件中,对粘着应力拉伸过程进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证提出模型的可靠性.结果表明:采用建立的模型预测的试样伸长量及应变分布与实验测量结果具有较好的一致性.说明建立的粘着应力模型可以准确反映板材/粘性介质界面粘着应力大小,为精确模拟粘性介质压力成形过程提供了模型.     

稀薄气体流动的粒子图像测速实验研究

建立了一套可对真空度进行调节的实验装置,从大气压开始逐渐降低系统压力,进行系列稀薄气体流动的PIV流场实验。系统压力从101kPa、90kPa逐次降至10kPa,使用所选粒子在不同系统压力下分别进行PIV实验获得测量区域流场分布情况。运用计算流体力学的方法模拟大气压条件下实验区域的内部流动,对比结果发现该种条件下数值模拟结果很好的与PIV实验测得流场结构吻合,从而验证了实验和数值模拟的可靠性和稳定性。通过对PIV实验结果进行分析:克努森数Kn≤0.14实验测量可以获得较好的流场效果;当0.14相似文献   

Effect of back pressure on the grinding performance of abrasive suspension flow machining

Abrasive suspension flow machining (ASFM) is an advanced finishing method that uses an abrasive suspension slurry for grinding and chamfering as well as the finishing of inaccessible components. This study examines the effect of back pressure on the grinding characteristics of an abrasive suspension flow during the grinding of slender holes. A numerical model was developed to simulate the abrasive suspension flow in a slender hole and was verified experimentally using injector nozzle grinding equipment under different grinding pressures and back pressures. It is shown that the ASFM with back pressure not only eliminates the cavitation flow in the spray hole, but also increases the number of effective abrasive particles and the flow coefficient. Increasing the back pressure during the grinding process can increase the Reynolds number of the abrasive suspension flow and reduce the thickness of the boundary layer in the slender hole. Moreover, increasing the back pressure can improve the flow rate of the injector nozzle and its grinding performance.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-021-00372-z     

Numerical Investigation of Phase Distribution and Liquid Turbulence Modulation in Dilute Particle-Laden Flow

Studies on the motion of particles in turbulence and interactions between particles and turbulence are extremely significant, which can help us to improve the efficiency of industrial processes. In this article, we investigated the particle distribution and particle-turbulence interaction in a solid-liquid channel flow with the Euler-Lagrange two-way model. The liquid phase was solved using direct numerical simulation (DNS), and the particle motion was tracked by Newtonian equations of motion considering effects of drag force, pressure gradient force, and gravity. Two-way coupling was used to explain the effect of particles on the turbulence structure. The results show that the local void fraction of particles indicates the wall-peaked profile, particles scatter uniformly in the spanwise direction, and the injection of particles suppresses the turbulence activities in the near wall region. Suppression of the liquid turbulence is mainly caused by vortexes decay of different sizes.     

Modification of the LSMPS method for the conservation of the thermal energy in laser irradiation processes

In this work, new least-square moving particle semi-implicit (LSMPS) formulations for the modeling of the heat conduction in laser irradiation processes for both thick blocks and thin plates are developed. These new LSMPS formulations guarantee the conservation of the total thermal energy during the heat exchange between particles. The conservation of the thermal energy in the LSMPS method was implemented together with multiresolution techniques for the discretization of the domain with particles of different sizes so that a better characterization of the thermal gradients in the vicinity of the laser beam can be obtained. The simulation of laser irradiation processes for thin plates is still very challenging for particle methods with spherical particles and this is essentially because it is difficult to accommodate a minimum number of particles along the thickness direction without increasing considerably the resolution or the number of particles in the entire plate. In order to overcome this difficulty, a new multiresolution method based on particles with ellipsoidal shapes was also developed for a more efficient modeling of the laser irradiation in thin plates. By conducting the heat conduction simulations, in which the standard LSMPS method can provide accurate temperature distribution and by comparing the results with an analytical solution, it was confirmed that the proposed method is as accurate as the standard LSMPS method. Moreover, the heat conduction with an external heat source, in which the total thermal energy is not conserved by using the standard LSMPS method, was successfully simulated by using the proposed method. The simulations of laser irradiations were also conducted, and the validity of the proposed method has been confirmed by comparing numerical results with experimental data.     

Electron energy distribution in nonideal Coulomb systems: Theory and results of a numerical experiment

The electron energy distribution function is calculated for the Coulomb model with a plateau under the conditions of significant Coulomb nonideality and compared with the results of numerical simulation. The theory and numerical experiment are found to be in satisfactory agreement. The performed analysis revealed that the density of states in the nonideal Coulomb model with a plateau is a continuous and monotonic function of energy and contains no anomalies. At negative energies, it corresponds to the classical bound states and continuously passes into the density of states of free particles through the region of quasibound states, which was theoretically predicted earlier.     

孔隙水压力作用下盾构隧道开挖面支护力上限研究

基于极限分析上限定理和空间离散技术,构建了适用于在饱和土体中掘进的盾构隧道开挖面上限破坏机制。在此基础上,将孔隙水压力做的功率作为一个外力功率引入上限定理的虚功率方程,通过优化计算,得到了孔隙水压力作用下盾构隧道开挖面支护力的上限解。为了证明上限解的有效性,基于数值模拟技术计算了孔隙水压力作用下隧道开挖面极限支护力的数值解,并将得到的数值解和上限解进行了对比分析,结果表明,上限解和数值解非常接近。最后,分析了参数变化对开挖面支护力和破坏面的影响,分析结果表明:孔隙水压力对支护力上限解影响明显而对开挖面破坏范围的影响不大。