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1.
水泥基纳米复合材料压敏特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李惠  肖会刚  欧进萍 《功能材料》2004,35(Z1):2653-2656
研究了添加纳米TiO2粒子砂浆在单调荷载及循环荷载下的压敏特性,及添加碳黑的水泥净浆的单调加载下的压敏特性.实验结果表明在单调单向压力荷载时,添加纳米TiO2砂浆具有良好的压敏性能,其体积电阻率与压应力具有稳定而线性的对应关系;循环加载时,其体积电阻率的变化规律又能反映出材料的疲劳损伤情况.添加纳米碳黑砂浆在单调荷载下也具有较好的压敏特性,但稳定性稍差.在实验的基础上,本文探讨了水泥基纳米复合材料的压敏特性机理,分析了两种不同纳米复合材料压敏性能差异性产生的原因.  相似文献   

2.
碳纤维水泥基复合材料的阻-温特性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
曹震  赵晓华  谢慧才 《功能材料》2003,34(4):466-467
研究了碳纤维水泥基复合材料的阻-温特性。发现当温度低于某一特定值时,电阻率随温度的升高而单调降低(NTC效应)。超过此值时,则表现为电阻率随温度升高而大幅度单调增加(PTC效应)。普通水泥基材料不具有相应的阻-温特性.  相似文献   

3.
利用四电极法研究了内掺水泥基渗透结晶防水材料(CCCW)的碳纤维石墨水泥基复合材料试样(40 mm×40 mm×40 mm)的导电特性及其在循环荷载作用下的压阻特性,分析讨论了碳纤维石墨水泥砂浆的体积电阻率及压阻特性随石墨掺量的变化规律。碳纤维和CCCW的掺量分别为水泥质量的1%和4%;石墨掺量分别为水泥质量的0%、10%、20%、30%、40%和50%。结果表明,添加CCCW的碳纤维石墨砂浆试样的体积电阻率随石墨掺量的增加迅速下降,并存在渗滤现象,渗滤阈值为20%左右。在循环荷载作用下,不同石墨掺量试样的电阻和应力存在一定的对应关系。石墨掺量为水泥质量的20%~30%时,碳纤维石墨水泥砂浆试样的体积电阻率与压应力呈现良好的可重复性,电阻值在应力加载时几乎呈线性下降,而卸载时增加。  相似文献   

4.
碳纤维增强水泥复合材料的电导性能及其应用   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
研究了碳纤维增强水泥复合材料的电导性能, 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM ) 观察了材料产生电导渗流时的显微结构, 讨论了纤维掺量和纤维长度对电导性能的影响以及受载过程中材料电导率的变化规律。结果表明, 适当控制碳纤维的尺寸、含量, 可以明显提高材料的电导性能; 材料结构中存在电导渗流现象, 渗流阈值随受载过程而变化; 碳纤维增强水泥复合材料能够作为本征机敏材料, 反应试件受载时的应力应变关系。  相似文献   

5.
碳纤维/ 水泥基复合材料微观结构及机敏特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
以普通硅酸盐水泥为基体材料, 以碳纤维为功能组分, 采用压力成型法制备了碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC) 。用SEM 和孔结构分析仪对复合材料的微观结构进行了分析, 同时研究了其机敏特性。结果表明:较大成型压力制备的复合材料孔隙率明显低于较小成型压力制备的复合材料。不同成型压力制备的复合材料电阻率均随温度升高而呈先增大后减小的趋势。较小成型压力制备的CFRC , 其临界温度为75~100 ℃; 较大成型压力制备的CFRC , 其临界温度为100~120 ℃。循环载荷下, 碳纤维水泥基复合材料电阻的相对变化与载荷之间呈现明显的一一对应关系, 较大成型压力制备的CFRC 在每个循环过程中电阻相对变化的幅度明显大于较小成型压力制备的CFRC , 更适合应用于结构的实时、动态的健康监测和损伤评估。  相似文献   

6.
将碳纳米管与碳纤维混杂掺入水泥基材料制备碳纳米管-碳纤维(CNT-CF)水泥基材料,并研究其温敏和压敏传感特性。结果表明,当碳纳米管掺量较低时(0.5%),碳纳米管能有效提高CNT-CF水泥基材料的温敏和压敏特性;CNT-CF水泥基材料的活化能、温敏系数以及压敏传感线性程度和重复度均随碳纳米管掺量增加而提高;随着碳纳米管掺量继续增加,CNT-CF水泥基材料各项传感性能均有所下降。碳纳米管掺量为0.5%的试样传感特性最优。利用CNT-CF水泥基材料开发水泥基温敏、压敏传感器有一定应用前景。  相似文献   

7.
导电掺和料形态与水泥基材料压敏性的相关性   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
研究了含有碳纤维、石墨、钢纤维的水泥基材料的导电性及其在压应力作用下电阻率的变化规律;探讨了掺有导电掺合料的水泥石电阻率的变化机理。研究表明,水泥基材料具备压敏效应的前提条件是其导电网络达到渗流区,而碳纤维由于长径比大、密度小,极小掺量即可使水泥石进入渗流区,产生压敏效应。  相似文献   

8.
导电水泥基材料的制备及其电阻率测试方法研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
伍建平  姚武  刘小艳 《材料导报》2004,18(12):85-87
通过试验比较研究了短切碳纤维在水泥基材料中的两种不同分散工艺,利用SEM观察证实了碳纤维水泥基材料的电阻率主要取决于碳纤维的分散程度和所形成的导电网络的搭接状况。针对导电水泥基材料的电阻率测试,比较了两极组合法与四极法的差异。研究结果表明,湿拌法有利于碳纤维的分散,并可在相同的纤维掺量下获得较小的电阻率。与两极组合法相比,四极法可以避免测试过程中的极化现象,并可消除测试电极与碳纤维水泥基材料之间的接触电阻,因而可以作为导电水泥基材电阻率测试的理想方法。  相似文献   

9.
应力自感知水泥基复合材料及其传感器的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
应力自感知水泥基复合材料是在传统的水泥或砂浆中添加特定导电材料或纳米材料复合而成的具有压阻效应的材料。利用这类材料的电阻率与其自身压应力存在一定对应关系的特性, 可以制成性能独特的应力自感知水泥基复合材料传感器。此类传感器因具有造价低、耐久性好、埋设工艺简单以及与混凝土材料相容性好等特性, 有望成为混凝土结构长期健康监测的新一代传感装置。本文作者从原材料选择、搅拌工艺、电阻测试方法以及传感器测试系统等多方面综合评述了应力自感知水泥基复合材料的研究进展。同时指出, 为促进其在工程中的应用, 对碳纤维水泥石电阻率的离散性、稳定性以及多向约束受力下电阻率的变化曲线等问题都必须进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

10.
炭纤维水泥基材料的湿敏性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用直流四端电极法测试炭纤维水泥基材料在不同烘干和泡水时间的电阻率,研究了炭纤维水泥基材料内部含水量对其电阻率的影响.结果表明:炭纤维水泥基材料的电阻率随烘干时间的增加而减少,随泡水时间的增加而增加.炭纤维水泥基材料的电阻率对材料内部含水量的变化较敏感:在温度为20℃、相对湿度为25%的情况下,烘干6d,电阻率变化率约为25%;而在温度为20℃的情况下,泡水4.5h,电阻率变化率约为100%.亦即炭纤维水泥基材料具有良好的湿敏性.  相似文献   

11.
Smart Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement-based Composite   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
The electrical characteristics of cement-based material can be remarkably improved by the addition of short carbon fibers.Carbon fiber reinforced cement composite (CFRC) is an intrinsically smart material that can sense not only the stress and strain, but also the temperature. In this paper, variations of electrical resistivity with external applied load, and relation of thermoelectric force and temperature were investigated. Test results indicated that the electrical signal is related to the increase in the material volume resistivity during crack generation or propagation and the decrease in the resistivity during crack closure. Moreover, it was found that the fiber addition increased the linearity and reversibility of the Seebeck effect in the cement-based materials. The change of electrical characteristics reflects large amount of information of inner damage and temperature differential of composite, which can be used for stress-strain or thermal self-monitoring by embedding it in the concrete structures.  相似文献   

12.
A theory is provided for piezoresistivity in carbon fiber reinforced cement (with and without embedded steel reinforcing bars) under flexure (three-point bending). The phenomenon, which involves the reversible increase of the tension surface electrical resistance and the reversible decrease of the compression surface electrical resistance upon flexure, allows strain sensing. The theory is based on the concept that the piezoresistivity is due to the slight pull-out of crack-bridging fibers during crack opening and the consequent increase in the contact electrical resistivity of the fiber-matrix interface. This work is an extension of prior theory, which concerns the effect of uniaxial loading on the volume resistance. The extension requires modeling the surface resistance and its change under flexure. The theoretical results on the piezoresistivity, both with and without rebar, are in good agreement with prior experimental results. Differences between theoretical and experimental results are probably due to minor damage and rebar debonding during flexure.  相似文献   

13.
Nondestructive sensing of a single-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites was evaluated by the measurement of electrical resistivity under reversible cyclic loading. For the strain–stress sensing, the strain up to the maximum load of a bare carbon fiber itself is larger than that of carbon fiber composite. As curing temperature increased, apparent modulus up to the maximum load increased and the elapsed time became shorter. Higher residual stress might contribute to the improved interfacial adhesion. The strain up to the maximum load at low temperature was larger than that at higher temperature. The strain of electrodeposition (ED) treated carbon fiber was smaller than that of the untreated carbon fiber composite until the maximum load reached. This could be due to higher apparent modulus of composite based on the improved interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Since the electrical resistivity was responded well quantitatively with various parameters, such as matrix modulus, the fiber surface modification, the electrical resistivity measurement can be a feasible method of nondestructive sensing evaluation for conductive fiber reinforced composites inherently.  相似文献   

14.
一个单向碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料导电结构模型   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
本文报导了一个单向碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料导电结构模型, 可用单位截面上邻近碳纤维的搭接点数目和两相邻搭接点的距离来表征这种导电结构的基本特征。实测试样电阻与试样尺寸的关系与理论曲线基本吻合。  相似文献   

15.
朱德举  李高升 《复合材料学报》2017,34(11):2631-2641
通过静态拉伸试验研究不同体积掺量的短切碳纤维、钢纤维、耐碱玻璃纤维及预应力对5层玄武岩织物增强水泥基复合材料(BTRC)拉伸性能的影响。试验结果表明:短切碳纤维、玻璃纤维可以提高基体和BTRC的开裂强度,且开裂强度随着碳纤维掺量的增加而增加;预应力使基体产生预压力,明显提高其开裂强度。短切纤维及预应力都显著提高BTRC的峰值荷载和韧性,但峰值应变基本不变;峰值荷载和韧性随着钢纤维掺量的增加而增加,体积分数为1.5vol%掺量时达到最大值;随着碳纤维掺量增加,峰值荷载和韧性先增加后减小,体积分数为1.0vol%掺量时最大。施加预应力且掺入短切碳纤维或钢纤维时,短切纤维增强的基体可以更好地承受张拉力释放后纤维束径向变形引起的环向应力,进一步提高了织物与基体界面的挤压作用力及摩擦力,从而增强效果最明显,峰值荷载分别增加50.4%和58.9%,韧性分别增加84.7%和79.5%。BTRC材料掺入短切玻璃纤维、钢纤维及施加预应力均可以增加其受力后的裂缝条数,减小裂缝间距和裂缝宽度。  相似文献   

16.
碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的发展与研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
传统的水泥混凝土材料由于功能单一、脆性大、自重大、抗拉强度和抗弯强度差,在一些特殊领域中的应用受到了很大限制.碳纤维由于具有高比强度、高比模量、密度小、耐腐蚀、导电性好、对人畜无害等优异性能而颇受材料科学工作者的青睐,被视为许多复合材料的优良增强体.将碳纤维加入到水泥基体中,制成碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料,不仅可改善水泥自身力学性能的缺陷,使其具有高强度、高模量、高韧性,更重要的是能把普通的水泥建筑材料变成对温度和应力敏感、具有自感知内部应力和损伤及一系列电磁屏蔽性能的智能材料.  相似文献   

17.
The transverse electrical resistivity of the dry unidirectional carbon fiber preforms was studied experimentally taking into consideration various parameters. The dependency of the electrical resistivity transverse to the fibers was thoroughly experimentally studied as a function of the preform thickness and the fiber volume fraction. Empirical mathematical relations were extracted and combined with a non-linear compaction semi-analytical formula. The extracted formula consolidates the compressibility of the preform material, the preform thickness and the fiber volume fraction or the applied pressure in order to calculate the electrical resistivity of the unidirectional preform material transverse to the fibers. Two electrical resistance measurements, at two different thicknesses and two electrical resistance measurements, at two different pressure levels, are necessary to obtained, in order to predict the full range of the electrical resistivity values of the preform material transverse to the fibers as a function of thickness and fiber volume fraction. Very good agreement between the proposed formulas and the experiments has been obtained.  相似文献   

18.
In the present work, carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers had been embedded to glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) for the structural health monitoring of the composite material. The addition of the conductive CNT fiber to the non-conductive GFRP material aims to enhance its multi-function ability; the test specimen’s response to mechanical load and the insitu CNT fiber’s electrical resistance measurements were correlated for sensing and damage monitoring purposes. It is the first time this fiber is used in composite materials for sensing purposes; CNT fiber is easy to be embedded and does not downgrade the material’s mechanical properties. Various incremental loading–unloading steps had been applied to the manufactured specimens in tension as well as in three-point bending tests. The CNT fiber worked as a sensor in both, tensile and compression loadings. A direct correlation between the mechanical loading and the electrical resistance change had been established for the investigated specimens. For high stress (or strain) level loadings, residual resistance measurements of the CNT fiber were observed after unloading. Accumulating damage to the composite material had been calculated and was correlated to the electrical resistance readings. The established correlation between these parameters changed according to the material’s loading history.  相似文献   

19.
The addition of carbon nano-fibers (CNF) to fiber reinforced composites (FRC) based on polyvinyl alcohol fibers can improve the flexural strength of composites. Depending on applied stress, moisture content, and exposure to chloride solutions, the developed CNF composites exhibit specific levels of electrical conductivity. Reported research has demonstrated a strong dependency of electrical response of composite to crack formation in moist and NaCl environments. It was demonstrated that the sensitivity to strain and chloride solution can be enhanced by CNF. The developed technology and smart composite material are scalable for application in nondestructive monitoring of concrete structures that require improved integrity under service loads and stability in harsh environments.  相似文献   

20.
This paper presents the theoretical formulation describing the role of fibers in enhancing the fracture toughness of quasi-brittle cement based materials. The formulation is based on the well known R-curve approach which correlates the increase of the apparent fracture toughness of a material with the existence of a pre-critical stable crack growth region.By assuming that the critical crack length in plain matrix is a function of an initial crack length a 0, a formulation for the R-curves has recently been derived and applied to predict the response of positive and negative geometry specimens of various sizes and materials. This approach is further applied to uniaxial tensile specimens containing various fiber types. Fiber reinforcement is modeled by means of applying closing pressure on crack surfaces resulting in closure of the crack faces and a decrease in the stress intensity factor at the tip of the propagating crack. Incorporation of these two factors in the energy balance equations for crack growth results in increases in both the slope and the plateau value of the R-curve representing matrix response. Enhancement in material response is shown to occur only if precritical crack growth exists, causing fibers to convert the stable cracking process into an increase in load carrying capacity of the material. Fracture response of fiber reinforced composites can be predicted up to the bend-over-point. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results of cement-based composites containing unidirectional, continuous glass, steel or polypropylene fibers.  相似文献   

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