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1.
吴义伯  张国建  罗学涛 《材料工程》2006,(Z1):317-320,325
以异丙醇锆(ZIP)为交联剂、聚碳硅烷(PCS)为先驱体,在Ar气氛的保护下通过干法纺丝、热化学交联工艺使PCS从热塑性转变热固性结构.研究了该工艺对PCS纤维质量变化、Si-H反应程度、溶解性及氧含量等性能的影响.实验结果表明:在不熔化过程中,PCS结构中的Si-H键与ZIP反应,在PCS分子间形成Si-O-Zr交联结构,随着交联温度和保温时间的升高,Si-H反应程度和纤维失重率相应提高;在测试范围内最大Si-H反应程度为73.06%,失重率2.678%,氧含量低于2.0%.  相似文献   

2.
采用原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP),以氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acy-lCl)为大分子引发剂,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,CuCl及N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)为催化体系制备得到梳状亲水性环氧树脂(PS-acy-lP(AM-co-GMA))。考察了溶剂体系、反应时间和反应温度等反应条件对接枝反应的影响,在n(PS-acy-lCl)∶n(CuCl)∶n(TMEDA)∶n(AM)∶n(GMA)=1∶1∶1∶1.8∶22.2,V(GMA)∶V(N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺)∶V(甲苯)=1∶0.6∶0.4时,于80℃反应60 min获得700%左右高增重率的PS-acy-lP(AM-co-GMA),并可通过改变单体AM添加量获得不同亲水性的环氧树脂。  相似文献   

3.
以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,尿素为N源,电气石为载体,采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备N掺杂纳米TiO_2/电气石复合材料。采用XRD,FT-IR,UV-Vis DRS,SEM,EDS等测试技术对复合材料的结构和性能进行表征。分别考察煅烧温度、掺N量、电气石添加量、催化体系等因素对复合材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明:在煅烧温度为500℃,N掺杂量为5%(摩尔分数),电气石添加量为10%(质量分数),催化剂用量为3g/L,500W紫外灯照射条件下,N掺杂纳米TiO_2/电气石复合材料光催化降解TNT(10mg/L)的效果最佳,且具有良好的再生利用性能。  相似文献   

4.
以三聚氰胺为掺杂源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制得了平均粒径为20.1nm的锐钛矿型N、C共掺TiO2光催化剂.当n(N)∶n(C)∶n(Ti)为0.064∶0.055∶1时,TiO2对亚甲基蓝3h日光降解率可达68%.探讨了三聚氰胺的用量和煅烧温度对TiO2光催化性能的影响,确定了最佳制备工艺.XPS和FTIR分析表明,N主要以替代O的形式生成O-Ti-N,少量N以填隙式生成-Ti-N-O,而C主要以替位式生成O-Ti-C,以填隙式生成-Ti-C-O、-Ti- COOO.UV-Vis分析表明,N、C掺杂TiO2的吸收边从掺杂前的383nm红移到427nm,禁带宽度从掺杂前的3.2eV降到2.9eV,将TiO2的光响应波长拓展到了可见光区.  相似文献   

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以水杨酸(SA)为模板分子,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,硝酸钕为掺杂剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法,在不同焙烧温度和不同Nd掺杂量下制备了一系列Nd掺杂分子印迹TiO_2(NMT)光催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、ICP-AES、EDS、XPS、FT-IR、N_2吸附-脱附(BET模型)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段对产物进行了表征,并以光催化降解SA为指针反应,考察了Nd掺杂量、焙烧温度、SA溶液初始pH值对产物光催化活性的影响。结果表明,NMT为单一锐钛矿相,孔道结构的形成是晶粒堆积孔和模板剂脱除所致。相比非印迹TiO_2和未掺杂的分子印迹TiO_2,NMT对模板分子降解反应的光催化活性大大提高,且当n(Nd)∶n(TiO_2)=0.30%、550℃热处理2 h时光催化活性最佳:紫外光下其作为光催化剂可以得到86.4%的降解率(SA模拟废水初始浓度为20 mg/L、初始pH=4,降解反应时间为70 min),重复使用四次降解率仍保持在83.02%;可见光(λ400 nm)下可以得到97.96%的降解率(SA模拟废水初始浓度为20 mg/L、初始pH=4,降解反应时间为30 h)。  相似文献   

6.
将聚碳硅烷(PCS)纤维在环己烯气氛中进行化学气相交联不熔化处理,其氧含量比空气不熔化处理大大降低,组成和结构也发生了变化,气体副产物中存在环己烷和小分子硅烷.在环己烯气氛中,随着温度的升高,PCS分子的Si-H键的反应程度逐渐提高,纤维的凝胶含量逐渐增大.环己烯受热引发PCS分子中的Si-H和Si-CH3键断裂生成Si自由基和Si-CH2自由基,促进PCS分子间形成Si-CH2-Si交联结构;同时,环己烷作为侧基引入到PCS分子结构中,使纤维的碳含量随之增高.随着反应温度的升高,部分环己烷侧基和少量小分子硅烷会从PCS分子主链脱出.  相似文献   

7.
采用并流化学共沉淀法合成了Dy_(2)O_(3)掺杂ZrO_(2)(DySZ)纳米粉体材料,系统研究稳定剂掺杂量、阳离子浓度、反应系统pH值和煅烧温度对粉体材料物相组成、晶体结构和微观形貌的影响。结果表明:不同合成工艺条件下,DySZ粉体材料均具有纳米尺度特征,球形颗粒尺寸为10~30 nm,Dy_(2)O_(3)的掺杂可以起到稳定晶型的作用;稳定剂掺杂量对DySZ粉体的物相组成具有明显影响,掺杂量为10%(质量分数)时可合成单一四方相结构的DySZ粉体;DySZ粉体材料的四方度和微观形貌对稳定剂掺杂量、阳离子浓度、反应体系pH值和煅烧温度均不敏感,但其平均晶粒尺寸随稳定剂掺杂量、阳离子浓度和反应体系pH值的升高略有降低,随煅烧温度的提高而显著增加。  相似文献   

8.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备V、Co共掺杂改性TiO_2光催化剂,以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究了V、Co共掺杂对TiO_2光催化剂性能的影响,结果表明,V、Co共掺杂对催化剂的平均晶粒粒径、吸收光谱、光生电子—空穴对的复合率、光催化性能都具有显著影响。通过正交试验得到共掺杂体系的最佳掺杂量为n(V)∶n(Ti)=0.3%、n(Co)∶n(Ti)=0.1%,此掺杂量下所制备的样品对MB进行降解,在普通日光灯下反应6h的光催化降解效率达96.4%,明显优于同等条件下德国Degussa公司生产的P25纯TiO_2光催化剂的降解效率44.35%。  相似文献   

9.
溶胶-凝胶制备SnO2/TiO2复合材料及其性能研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂.以钛酸丁脂(Ti(C4H9O)4)为前驱体,冰醋酸为螯合剂,通过水解缩聚反应制备纳米TiO2,掺杂不同比例(n(SnO2)/n(TiO2)分别为1%、2.5%、5%)的SnO2对纳米TiO2进行改性,并对1%掺杂的粉体样品进行了不同温度(350~550℃)的焙烧处理.采用浸渍提拉法制备了1%(n(SnO2)/n(TiO2))掺杂的纳米SnO2/TiO2膜.运用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)及光吸收等手段,研究了不同掺杂量、热处理温度及光照时间对TiO2相变和光催化活性的影响.研究结果表明,350℃焙烧时,1%(n(SnO2)/n(TiO2))掺杂的粉体样品出现了合适比例的锐钛矿型和金红石型的混晶结构,具有较高的光催化效率,可达96.55%.而1%(n(SnO2)/n(TiO2))掺杂的纳米SnO2/TiO2光催化膜晶粒尺寸在20~30nm左右,光催化效率为79.6%,低于相同掺杂含量的纳米SnO2/TiO2掺杂光催化剂粉体.  相似文献   

10.
以双氰胺钠和叠氮化钠为主要原料,加热分子内环化得到N,N-双四唑胺,并采用IR、NMR、MS等方法,对产品结构表征。探讨了N,N-双四唑胺合成反应机理,考察了溶液酸碱性、反应温度及反应时间等关键因素对结果的影响,获得适宜反应条件:摩尔比为n(C2N3Na)n(Na N3)n(HCl)=121,在T=60℃,调节p H=3后,加热至100℃反应24 h,冷却至10℃左右,调节p H=2,产率达89.5%,纯度可达99%。  相似文献   

11.
A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.  相似文献   

12.
An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.  相似文献   

13.
An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi2Se0.3Te2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.  相似文献   

14.
A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.  相似文献   

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Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.  相似文献   

18.
本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。  相似文献   

19.
盐酸浓度不确定度的评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析,找出影响结果的各个分量,进行不确定度的评定,按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。  相似文献   

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