One-step gas-phase construction of carbon-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle/carbon nanotube composite with enhanced electrochemical energy storage

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as superior support materials for functional nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely demonstrated. Nevertheless, the homogeneous loading of these NPs is still frustrated due to the inert surface of CNTs. In this work, a facile gas-phase pyrolysis strategy that the mixture of ferrocene and CNTs are confined in an isolated reactor with rising temperature is developed to fabricate a carbon-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle/carbon nanotube (Fe₃O₄@C/CNT) composite. It is found the ultra-small Fe₃O₄ NPs (<10 nm) enclosed in a thin carbon layer are uniformly anchored on the surface of CNTs. These structural benefits result in the excellent lithium-ion storage performances of the Fe₃O₄@C/CNT composite. It delivers a stable reversible capacity of 861 mA·h·g⁻¹ at the current density of 100 mA·g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. The capacity retention reaches as high as 54.5% even at 6000 mA·g⁻¹. The kinetic analysis indicates that the featured structural modification improves the surface condition of the CNT matrix, and contributes to greatly decreased interface impendence and faster charge transfer. In addition, the post-morphology observation of the tested sample further confirms the robustness of the Fe₃O₄@C/CNT configuration.     

可磁分离Fe3O4/g-C3N4复合材料的制备及其性能

为了利用Fe₃O₄的磁响应性及石墨相C₃N₄（g-C₃N₄）优良的光催化活性,首先采用高温热聚合法,以尿素为前驱体制备g-C₃N₄,然后采用水热法合成了可磁分离Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料。利用TEM、XRD、TGA、BET和振动样品磁强计（VSM）等多种测试手段表征分析Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料的形貌、晶型结构、比表面积、成分、饱和磁化强度等。通过模拟太阳光下Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料光催化吸附降解亚甲基蓝（MB）的实验,评价了Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料的吸附性能及光催化性能。结果表明,可磁分离Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料具有较大的比表面积,约为71.89 m²/g;且具有较好的磁性,饱和磁化强度为18.79 emu/g,可实现复合材料的分离回收;光照240 min时,Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料对MB的去除率为56.54%。所制备的Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄复合材料具有优良的吸附性能、光催化活性和磁性,并可通过外加磁场进行分离与回收。     

改性氧化石墨烯/Fe3O4复合材料的制备及电磁吸收性能

为改善氧化石墨烯（GO）/Fe₃O₄复合材料的分散程度,利用三苯基膦（PPh3）对GO表面进行功能化改性得到改性氧化石墨烯（GOP）,然后采用共沉淀法一步合成GOP/Fe₃O₄复合材料。通过场发射SEM、高分辨TEM、XRD、FTIR、Raman和VSM对GOP/Fe₃O₄复合材料的形貌、结构和磁性能进行表征。利用矢量网络分析仪（PNA）测试了GOP/Fe₃O₄复合材料的电磁参数并模拟计算其对电磁波的吸收性能。结果显示:GOP/Fe₃O₄复合材料的最大电磁波吸收强度值达到-25.4 dB,有效吸收频宽为6.0 GHz,较未改性GO/Fe₃O₄复合材料均有大幅度提高。      

Fe3O4/MnO2磁性复合氧化物催化剂的制备及性能

具有磁性的非均相催化剂价格低廉、低污染、高能效、容易从溶液中分离出来。经过水热合成法合成的Fe₃O₄/MnO₂磁性复合氧化物催化剂在活化过一硫酸盐（2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄）产生硫酸根自由基（SO₄-）降解水中有机污染物表现出了优良的性能。把不同质量的磁性Fe₃O₄微球与线状的MnO₂负载到一起,合成三种Fe₃O₄:MnO₂质量比分别为1:3、2:3、1:1的Fe₃O₄/MnO₂催化剂,经过XRD、SEM和TEM表征,表明这两种金属氧化物负载到一起。对比不同Fe₃O₄:MnO₂质量比的Fe₃O₄/MnO₂磁性复合氧化物催化剂活化2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄的活性,发现Fe₃O₄/MnO₂（2:3）催化剂催化活性最高。通过考察不同因素对Fe₃O₄/MnO₂（2:3）催化活性的影响得出,水中罗丹明B（Rh B）降解的最佳条件为10 mg/L Rh B、0.4 g/L Fe₃O₄/MnO₂催化剂、0.3 g/L 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄、pH=8。Fe₃O₄/MnO₂（2:3）磁性复合氧化物催化剂经过3次循环利用后,催化活性没有明显下降。SO₄-在降解水中Rh B起主要作用。      

Fe3O4/高岭土磁性复合材料对Cu2+的吸附性能

为实现高岭土（Kaolin）在Cu²⁺废水处理中的实际应用,采用球磨方法制备了剥离Kaolin,并通过氧化沉淀法制备了Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料。通过激光粒度分析仪、SEM、XRD对Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料的形貌及组成进行表征,并通过测试Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料对Cu²⁺的饱和吸附量和磁分离回收率,确定了当Kaolin球磨4.0 h、掺量为3.0 g时所制备的Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料对Cu²⁺的吸附性能最佳,平衡吸附量为17.98 mg/g。磁滞回线结果表明,Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料具有较好的磁响应性,饱和磁化强度约为16.19 emu/g。此外,采用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式对Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料的吸附数据进行拟合,结果表明,Fe₃O₄/Kaolin磁性复合材料对Cu²⁺的吸附行为基本符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型,既存在单分子层吸附,也存在多分子层吸附。     

Fe3O4复合材料对Cd2+的吸附性能研究

在碱性条件下,以共沉淀法合成Fe₃O₄,再以正硅酸乙酯和二乙烯三胺为原料,制备出Fe₃O₄复合材料(Fe₃O₄-SiO₂-NH₂)。采用FT-IR、VSM和SEM对其结构进行表征,并研究了复合材料对Cd2+的吸附性能。实验结果表明,在T=55℃、t=60 min、Cd2+溶液的初始浓度为100 mg·L-1、Fe₃O₄-SiO₂-NH₂的添加量为0.1 g时,该材料对Cd2+的吸附容量为71.4 mg·g-1。其吸附动力学行为更符合准二级动力学,热力学更适合用Langmuir等温吸附模型描述。Fe₃O₄-SiO₂-NH₂吸附Cd2+后洗脱再生,经过5次循环使用后,其对Cd2+的去除率仍然大于70%。      

Fe3O4-MWCNTs在环氧树脂中的定向排列

用共沉淀法制备了具有超顺磁性Fe₃O₄-MWCNTs（多壁碳纳米管）复合粒子,加入环氧树脂（EP）中,在0.6 T的弱定磁场下固化成型。采用TEM研究其定向程度及分散性,并进行动态热机械分析、差热分析和导热率测试。结果表明,MWCNTs表面包覆了磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子,Fe₃O₄-MWCNTs复合物按照首尾衔接的方式沿着磁场方向定向排列。Fe₃O₄-MWCNTs/EP纳米复合材料表现出明显的各向异性,垂直于Fe₃O₄-MWCNTs轴向导热率低于平行方向的导热率,Fe₃O₄-MWCNTs的加入对于平行方向的导热率影响不大。Fe₃O₄-MWCNTs的加入使环氧树脂的储能模量变小,损耗模量变大,损耗因子均大于纯环氧树脂,表现出良好的阻尼性能。当Fe₃O₄-MWCNTs与EP质量比为0.3%时,损耗因子在20 ℃的温域内大于0.7,最高值达到1.16。     

杂多酸离子液体负载氨基化Fe3O4磁性复合材料的制备及其超声辅助催化脱硫性能

以N-甲基咪唑、溴代正丁烷、磷钨酸为原料制备了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷钨酸离子液体[BMIM]₃PW₁₂O₄₀,将其通过超声浸渍法负载于氨基化Fe₃O₄（Fe₃O₄-NH₂）,得到枣糕型结构的[BMIM]₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Fe₃O₄-NH₂磁性复合材料,通过FTIR、XRD、XPS、TEM、振动样品磁强计（VSM）、SEM等对其组成、形貌等进行表征。以[BMIM]₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Fe₃O₄-NH₂磁性复合材料为催化剂,以H₂O₂为氧化剂,催化氧化以二苯并噻吩为硫源的正辛烷模拟油样,通过单因素法分别考察了超声时间、H₂O₂用量、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素对脱硫效果的影响,并初步探讨了[BMIM]₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Fe₃O₄-NH₂磁性复合材料催化脱硫机制。结果表明:0.5 g/L[BMIM]₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Fe₃O₄-NH₂磁性复合材料超声辅助催化氧化浓度为500 mg/g模拟油样,在323 K下H₂O₂与二苯并噻吩的摩尔比n（O）:n（S）为8:1经超声10 min时,催化脱硫率达到最佳,为88.13%;重复使用5次后,[BMIM]₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Fe₃O₄-NH₂磁性复合材料对模拟油样的催化降解率仅下降了2.51%。说明该材料具有良好的催化脱硫性能,并可重复使用。催化机制初步研究表明,活性中心可能为杂多酸阴离子、Fe₃O₄-NH₂和离子液体分别起到载体和协同增容作用。      

Formation of a highly oriented FeO thin film by phase transition of Fe3O4 and Fe nanocrystallines

A highly oriented FeO thin film was formed from a Fe₃O₄ thin film containing Fe nanocrystallines by post-annealing at 600°C. Fe₃O₄ thin films were grown on Si(100) substrates by ion beam sputter deposition under oxygen ambient. The stoichiometry of the iron oxide thin film could be precisely controlled by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Fe₃O₄ thin film grown at substrate temperature of 300°C showed a mixed phase of Fe₃O₄ and Fe nanocrystallines with a preferred orientation (110). However, the mixed phase was converted to a highly oriented FeO(200) phase by post-annealing at 600°C. This could be inverted as a result of Ostwald ripening of the Fe₃O₄ and Fe nanocrystallines.     

自组装法制备磺化聚苯乙烯@Fe3O4磁性复合颗粒及其磁性能

实现结构可控、均匀包覆是制备核-壳复合材料的关键。采用离子交换法完成了磺化聚苯乙烯(PSS)表面Na+与溶液中Fe2+和Fe3+的交换,于碱性条件下制备了PSS表面负载Fe₃O₄(PSS@Fe₃O₄)的磁性复合颗粒。通过称重法计算了Fe₃O₄最大包覆率;通过振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试了不同负载含量下PSS@Fe₃O₄复合颗粒的磁性能;通过XRD、衰减全反射-FTIR (ATR-FTIR)、SEM-EDS分析了PSS@Fe₃O₄磁性复合颗粒的化学组成和微观结构。结果表明,随着Fe2+/Fe3+浓度增加,PSS@Fe₃O₄磁性颗粒的饱和磁化强度也随之增大,最大饱和磁化强度为7.51 emu/g,并具有明显的磁响应性;Fe₃O₄均匀包覆在PSS表面,最大包覆率为8.3 wt%。PSS@Fe₃O₄磁性复合颗粒有望用于磁流变、医学及水处理领域。      

不同晶型Fe2O3催化H2O2湿法脱硝的实验研究

研究了以α-Fe₂O₃、β-Fe₂O₃和γ-Fe₂O₃为催化剂的类Fenton试剂溶液氧化吸收NO的过程,分析了3种Fe₂O₃的晶相结构和表面性质对NO脱除效率的影响机理。脱硝性能测试结果表明：γ-Fe₂O₃的活性最好,在H₂O₂浓度为1.5 mol/L、催化剂浓度为20 mmol/L、pH值为5以及反应温度为55℃等条件下,γ-Fe₂O₃的脱硝率可达87.5%。机理研究表明：3种Fe₂O₃催化H₂O₂分解湿法脱除NO的反应发生在催化剂表面,反应过程中存在氧化还原循环,H₂O₂催化分解的主要产物是·OH。活性差异分析结果表明：Fe₂O₃的晶相结构和表面性质对NO的脱除效果具有显著的影响,γ-Fe₂O₃的活性最高是由于比表面积大、分散性高和表面的Fe²⁺含量更多,而β-Fe₂O₃的活性高于α-Fe₂O₃是由于表面的氧空位含量更多。     

Magnetic properties and texture of sputteredFe/Fe3O4 multilayer films

Polycrystalline Fe/Fe₃O₄ multilayers have been fabricated with varying Fe/Fe₃O₄ ratios, period (bilayer) thickness, number of periods, and deposition sequence. The films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The coercivity was found to vary in a nonlinear fashion between that of Fe and Fe₃ O₄. For selected multilayer geometries, the coercivity can be increased beyond that of single-layer Fe and Fe₃O₄ films. The magnetic saturation was observed to follow a linear mixture rule. These results suggest that a multilayer approach is useful for designing magnetic thin films and may allow fabrication of new materials for recording media applications. A secondary result was the ability to obtain highly textured polycrystalline films of both Fe and Fe₃O₄ on amorphous substrates for selected multilayer geometries. The texture results, which may be generally applicable, suggest that relatively thin multilayers of only a few periods may provide a means to control polycrystalline film texture on amorphous substrates     

Fe3O4/PNIPAM纳米复合微球的制备

用化学共沉淀法制备Fe₃O₄磁性纳米粒子,以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAM）、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）和偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为原料,用种子乳液聚合法制备了具有温敏性的Fe₃O₄/PNIPAM纳米复合微球。用红外光谱仪（FTIR）、透射电镜（TEM）、热重分析仪（TGA）及Zeta粒度仪（DTS）等手段对复合微球进行了表征,研究了单体（NIPAM）、交联剂（MBA）、乳化剂（SDBS）用量对复合微球粒径及磁含量的影响。结果表明:Fe₃O₄/PNIPAM纳米复合微球呈球形,具有温敏性,反应条件对复合微球的结构和形貌有较为显著的影响,其粒径和磁含量随着单体浓度的减少、交联剂和乳化剂用量的增加而变小。     

具有固-液转变的磁性Fe3O4纳米流体的制备、结构及性能

Fe3O4纳米粒子与离子型改性剂N,N-二癸基-N-甲基-N-三甲氧基硅正丙基氯化铵进行接枝反应,再采用反离子脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐的长链阴离子交换Cl-,在Fe3O4纳米粒子表面得到具有阴、阳离子双电层结构的表面处理层,制备出了无溶剂Fe3O4纳米流体。分析结果表明,表面处理鏖已成功地接枝在Fe3O4纳米粒子表面,改...     

Z-scheme mechanism for methylene blue degradation over Fe2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite prepared via one-pot exfoliation and magnetization of g-C3N4

The low surface area, high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers, narrow visible range activity, and difficulty in the separation from cleaned solutions limit the wide application of g-C₃N₄ as a photocatalyst. Herein, we have succeeded in developing a one-pot strategy to overcome the above-mentioned difficulties of g-C₃N₄. The broadening of the visible-light response range and inducing magnetic nature to g-C₃N₄ was succeeded by preparing a nanocomposite with Fe₂O₃ via a facile solvothermal method. The preparation method additionally imparted layer exfoliation of g-C₃N₄ as evident from the XRD patterns and TEM images. The strong interaction between the components is revealed from the XPS analysis. The broadened visible-light absorbance of Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ with a Z-scheme photocatalytic degradation mechanism is well evident from the UV‒Vis DRS analysis and PL measurement of the composite with terephthalic acid. The active species of photocatalysis were further investigated using scavenging studies in methylene blue degradation that revealed hydroxyl radicals and holes as the major contributors to the activity of Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄.     

多层陶瓷结构Al2O3-Fe2O3/3Y-TZP梯度复合陶瓷的制备及性能

为更好地实现口腔修复体的美学修复效果,采用掺杂不同含量Fe₂O₃（0.01wt%~0.09wt%）和Al₂O₃（0.1wt%）的3 mol% Y₂O₃稳定的ZrO₂（3Y-TZP）粉体为原料,经过铺粉、压制、烧结等工艺制得色度渐变的多层陶瓷结构Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃/3Y-TZP梯度复合陶瓷。对该梯度复合陶瓷的色度分布、烧结性能和力学性能进行检测,同时研究了Fe₂O₃和Al₂O₃的掺杂对3Y-TZP陶瓷组织和性能的影响。结果表明,制得的Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃/3Y-TZP梯度复合陶瓷色度由红黄向白色沿成分变化方向呈梯度变化,与天然牙齿色度分布规律一致;力学性能呈梯度变化并从无色端到有色端逐渐降低,但仍满足牙科使用需求（≥ 800 MPa）;在无色瓷层中掺杂微量Al₂O₃（0.1wt%）可以改善Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃/3Y-TZP梯度复合陶瓷的烧结性能,避免在预烧结过程中发生开裂。微量Fe₂O₃和Al₂O₃的掺杂会促进其在烧结过程中的致密化及晶粒长大;微量Fe₂O₃（0.01wt%）和Al₂O₃（0.1wt%）的掺杂有助于提高3Y-TZP陶瓷的挠曲强度,然而随着Fe₂O₃掺杂量的继续增多（≤ 0.09wt%）挠曲强度降低。      

Multifunctional modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of diseases: A review

With the rapid improvements in nanomaterials and imaging technology,great progresses have been made in diagnosis and treatment of diseases during the pastdecades.Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)with good biocompatibility and super-paramagnetic property are usually used as contrast agent for diagnosis of diseases inmagnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Currently,the combination of multiple imagingtechnologies has been considered as new tendency in diagnosis and treatment ofdiseases,which could enhance the accuracy and reliability of disease diagnosis andprovide new strategies for disease treatment.Therefore,novel contrast agents used formultifunctional imaging are urgently needed.Fe₃O₄ MNPs are believed to be a potentialcandidate for construction of multifunctional platform in diagnosis and treatment ofdiseases.In recent years,there are a plethora of studies concerning the construction ofmultifunctional platform presented based on Fe₃O₄ MNPs.In this review,we introducefabrication methods and modification strategies of Fe₃O₄ MNPs,expecting greatimprovements for diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the future.     

纳米Fe3O4-还原氧化石墨烯复合修饰玻碳电极的制备及电化学检测多巴胺

通过电化学还原法制备纳米Fe₃O₄-还原氧化石墨烯复合修饰玻碳（Fe₃O₄-rGO/GCE）电极,用于多巴胺（DA）的检测。采用SEM、TEM和循环伏安对纳米Fe₃O₄-rGO复合材料进行表征。在pH为7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）中,采用循环伏安法研究了DA在纳米Fe₃O₄-rGO/GC上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,较裸GC电极和rGO修饰（rGO/GC）电极,由于纳米Fe₃O₄与rGO的协同作用,纳米Fe₃O₄-rGO/GC显著增大了Fe₃O₄-rGO/GC复合材料电极电化学活性面积和氧化峰电流强度i_pa。DA的浓度在6.0×10^-8~2.0×10^-6 mol/L和2.0×10^-6~8.0×10^-5 mol/L范围内,与氧化峰电流强度i_pa呈良好的线性关系,检出限达4.0×10^-9 mol/L（信噪比S/N=3）。抗坏血酸和尿酸共存物几乎不干扰DA的测定,选择性高。Fe₃O₄-rGO/GC修饰电极用于盐酸DA注射液中的DA含量测定,获得结果较好,回收率为97.1%~103.9%。     

Fe3O4-碳纳米管/聚偏氟乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

通过在碳纳米管（CNTs）表面进行功能化修饰,改善CNTs与聚偏氟乙烯（Polyvinylidene Fluoride,PVDF）的分散性及界面结合程度,从而获得优异的力学性能和电学性能,提高其在传感器、致动器和储能方面的应用性能。采用原位水热合成法,在CNTs表面修饰磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子,然后将Fe₃O₄-CNTs加入PVDF中,采用流延工艺制备出Fe₃O₄-CNTs/PVDF复合薄膜。采用SEM、TEM、XRD和DSC研究了Fe₃O₄-CNTs/PVDF复合薄膜的结构和结晶行为,采用动态力学分析（DMA）、宽带介电谱测试系统和交流击穿场强测试系统研究了Fe₃O₄-CNTs对复合材料力学性能、介电性能及击穿场强的影响。结果表明：Fe₃O₄-CNTs的引入促使PVDF形成了β晶相,同时抑制了Fe₃O₄-CNTs/PVDF复合材料结晶度的下降;提高了弹性模量,抑制了阻尼特性下降;提高了介电常数和击穿场强,抑制了介电损耗升高。     

磁性纳米CeO2/Fe3O4非均相Fenton反应催化降解氧氟沙星

为了提高Fe₃O₄的催化活性, 制备了磁性CeO₂/Fe₃O₄复合纳米粒子, 构成非均相Fenton反应体系, 催化降解水环境中的氧氟沙星抗生素。研究了CeO₂含量、H₂O₂浓度、pH等因素对CeO₂/Fe₃O₄非均相催化活性的影响, 并通过溶出铁离子测定、动力学拟合等方式对反应机理进行探究。结果表明, CeO₂/Fe₃O₄较Fe₃O₄具有更强的催化活性, 氧氟沙星的降解率随CeO₂含量、H₂O₂浓度和溶液酸度的增加而提高, 当H₂O₂浓度为100 mmol/L 以及pH为3时, CeO₂/Fe₃O₄(摩尔比=0.780)-H₂O₂体系催化降解氧氟沙星的效果最佳。CeO₂/Fe₃O₄体系催化降解氧氟沙星反应遵循一级反应动力学方程, 反应机理主要为催化剂表面的催化反应, 同时CeO₂产生氧空位的电子转移对Fe₃O₄的催化反应起到协同强化的作用。