单壁碳纳米管/六角钡铁氧体复合材料的微波吸收性能

用电弧法制备含铁的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs), 并将其提纯之后掺杂到用溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备的M型六角钡铁氧体(BaFe₁₂O₁₉)纳米晶粉体中, 得到了具有网状结构的复合材料。利用同轴法测试了样品的电磁参数, 研究了不同混合比SWCNTs/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ 复合材料的吸波性能。结果表明: 复合粉体SWCNTs/BaFe₁₂O₁₉的磁损耗主要是由于自然共振和交换共振引起的; 当掺杂2%(质量分数)SWCNTs时, 微波反射衰减最大值可以达到 24.85 dB, 高于10 dB的频带宽度可以达到6.30 GHz, 具有较宽的吸波频段。      

单壁碳纳米管-CoFe2O4双层复合材料的微波吸收特性

通过直流电弧放电法制备了高结晶性单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）,采用溶胶凝胶自燃法制备CoFe₂O₄,并将两种材料复合制成SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层吸波材料。使用Raman光谱、XRD、SEM、TEM和矢量网络分析仪对SWCNTs和CoFe₂O₄的形貌、结构和电磁性能进行了表征,并利用传输线理论分析了SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层吸波材料在2~18 GHz频带内的微波吸收性能。结果表明,相对于单一材料,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料的吸波性能得到了极大提高。当CoFe₂O₄作为匹配层、SWCNTs作为吸收层时,通过调节匹配层和吸收层的厚度,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料的最强反射损耗可以达到-61.13 dB,低于-10 dB的吸收带宽达到7 GHz （8~15 GHz）。因此,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料是一种新型的有应用前景的高吸收宽频带吸波材料。     

钛酸钡/钡铁氧体核/壳粒子的电磁性能

在以尿素为沉淀剂制备钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)/钡铁氧体(BaFe₁₂O₁₉)核/壳粒子的基础上, 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子前驱物及BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子的形貌、结构和成份进行了表征, 采用网络矢量分析仪对BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子的电磁特性进行了研究. 结果表明, 均匀共沉淀制得的BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉粒子呈现核/壳结构, BaFe₁₂O₁₉壳层对BaTiO₃的包覆均匀、完整、光滑; 在2~7GHz, BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子的ε′和ε″分别为10.7~17.0和0.3~0.6, 均高于BaTiO₃. ε′和ε″的增大是核/壳结构所引起的界面极化加强的结果; BaTiO₃/BaFe₁₂O₁₉核/壳粒子出现了BaTiO₃所没有的磁性能, 其μ′和μ″在2~7GHz远远高于BaTiO3, 表现出了较为明显的磁损耗, 这与磁性BaFe₁₂O₁₉壳层的包覆有关.     

纳米Fe3O4及Fe3O4-SrFe12O19吸波复合材料的制备及性能

采用共沉淀法成功制备出具有超顺磁性的纳米Fe₃O₄, 并将Fe₃O₄与SrFe₁₂O₁₉复合制成复合吸波材料Fe₃O₄-SrFe₁₂O₁₉, 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和矢量网络分析仪(PNA)对产物的物相、显微结构、磁性能和吸波性能进行了表征与分析。结果表明, 当Fe₃O₄与SrFe₁₂O₁₉质量比为1∶0.3时, Fe₃O₄-SrFe₁₂O₁₉饱和磁化强度为11.1 emu·g^-1, 矫顽力0.86 Oe, 剩余磁化强度0.08 emu·g^-1, 其吸波性能最佳, 最大吸收峰值为-17.7 dB,-5 dB频宽为1.3 GHz, 较Fe₃O₄和 SrFe₁₂O₁₉的最大吸收峰值分别提高247%和185%, 频带分别拓宽1.12 GHz和0.40 GHz。     

BaFe12O19/SiO2-B2O3-K2O 微晶玻璃陶瓷的低温合成及其微波性能

采用柠檬酸sol-gel工艺合成了BaFe₁₂O₁₉/SiO₂-B₂O₃-K₂O微晶玻璃陶瓷, 并对其介电常数及其磁导率在100MHz～ 6 GHz 下的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: BaFe₁₂O₁₉/SiO₂-B₂O₃-K₂O微晶玻璃陶瓷可以在850℃/5 h的条件下烧结而成, 其合成过程与体系中的Ba/Fe 密切相关; 其介电常数基本不随测试频率的变化而变化; 其磁导率实部随测试频率的增加而下降。      

二次化学共沉淀法制备片状钡铁氧体的形成历程及磁性能研究

采用二次化学共沉淀法制备出六角或近六角片状BaFe₁₂O₁₉,其颗粒径向尺寸和径厚比分别为0.4-2μm和4-20。通过XRD、FTIR、TG/DTA及SEM/EDS分析技术研究了片状BaFe₁₂O₁₉的形成历程。结果表明:前驱体为非晶态BaCO₃、低结晶态Fe（OH）₃和晶态α-Fe₂O₃包覆原料BaFe₁₂O₁₉复合物;前驱体在焙烧过程中经过Fe（OH）₃脱水、BaCO₃分解反应、中间相α-Fe₂O₃和BaO反应得到终产物BaFe₁₂O₁₉。基于形成历程,六角片状BaFe₁₂O₁₉较原料BaFe₁₂O₁₉表现出显著提高的颗粒径向尺寸和径厚比、较高的纯度和略低的结晶有序程度,进而表现出明显提高的矫顽力、略低的饱和磁化强度和剩余磁化强度。     

La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/α-Fe2O3复合材料的制备及吸波性能研究

以高温煅烧法制备了复合材料La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/α-Fe₂O₃,并研究了其结构、电磁参数和吸波性能,进一步初步探索了该粉体用于布料涂层的吸波效果。结果发现：La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/α-Fe₂O₃与石蜡以质量比7∶3混合后的吸波性能显著,分别在厚度5.0和9.5 mm处能吸收99.9%以上的入射电磁波,吸波性能优异。此外,在1～18 GHz和1.0～10 mm范围内,样品La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/α-Fe₂O₃的总有效吸收(≦-10 dB)带宽覆盖测试带宽的91.8%,实现了雷达多频段的有效吸收。复合材料良好的吸波性能得益于La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃和α-Fe₂     

核壳结构SrFe12O19NiFe2O4复合纳米粉体的吸波性能

以Fe(NO₃)₃、 Ni(NO₃)₂和Sr(NO₃)₂为主要原料, 通过两步柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法, 制备出核-壳结构SrFe₁₂O₁₉-NiFe₂O₄磁性纳米复合粉体。采用XRD、 TEM、 VSM及矢量网络分析仪对合成的粉体的结构、 形貌及吸波性能进行了分析研究。结果表明, 复合粉体的相结构与NiFe₂O₄含量有关, 当SrFe₁₂O₁₉与NiFe₂O₄的质量比为1∶2、 烧结温度为1050℃时, 复合纳米粉体的相与NiFe₂O₄接近, 核-壳结构SrFe₁₂O₁₉-NiFe₂O₄纳米复合粉体的饱和磁化强度(M_s)(51.4 emu/g)比单体SrFe₁₂O₁₉纳米粉体 (42.6 emu/g)的大; 但矫顽力(H_c) (336 Oe)比单体SrFe₁₂O₁₉纳米粉体的小, 在SrFe₁₂O₁₉ 与NiFe₂O₄的矫顽力5395～160 Oe之间。在频率为8～18 GHz范围内, 微波吸收逐渐增强, 当频率为12 GHz时, SrFe₁₂O₁₉-NiFe₂O₄纳米复合粉体的微波吸收达到最大值-9.7 dB, 是一种性能优良的吸波材料。      

Fe3O4-GO复合纳米纸的制备及吸波性能研究

为了实现目前实际应用对吸波材料“轻、薄、宽、强”的要求，本工作采用氧化石墨烯(GO)结合磁性纳米粒子四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄)构筑了一类新型的轻质且具有良好柔韧性的复合纳米纸吸波材料，希望其能简化复合材料成型工艺并替代吸波涂料，实现对吸波性能的调控。首先，利用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)对Fe₃O₄纳米粒子进行有机化修饰，制备了分散均匀、具有电磁双损性能的Fe₃O₄-GO复合纳米粒子，进而利用溶剂蒸发沉积法制备了GO及Fe₃O₄-GO纳米纸，并对其结构及性能进行了研究。结果表明，NH₂-Fe₃O₄稳定附着在GO片层上，当Fe₃O₄与GO的质量比为4∶6时，其输入阻抗Z_in与自由空间阻抗Z₀最为接近，复合纳米纸的阻抗匹配性能最好。Fe₃     

二氧化硅/片状金属磁粉壳核粒子制备及电磁特性

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体, 采用溶胶-凝胶工艺对厚度1 μ m、 直径5 μ m左右的片状金属磁性微粉进行表面改性, 获得SiO₂ /金属壳-核结构复合粒子。用SEM、 TEM、 RA-IR等方法对磁粉表面SiO₂纳米粒子膜的形貌、 结构进行表征, 并对改性前后磁粉/石蜡复合材料的复磁导率和复介电常数等微波电磁参数进行测试。结果表明: SiO₂纳米粒子吸附在磁粉表面, 形成高电阻率的包覆膜; 将该微粉按质量比(5 ∶ 1)与石蜡复合, 在2~18GHz频率范围内测量介电常数, 与未改性样品比较, 其介电常数实部平均下降约20, 虚部平均下降约7, 而对应的复磁导率变化较小。用金属磁粉制备1mm厚的吸波涂层, 涂层在8dB的吸收带宽由改性前的3.2GHz (7.0~10.2GHz)增加到改性后的7GHz (7.6~14.6GHz), 改善了吸收剂的吸波性能。      

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.     

Core-current-enhanced domain-wall pinning in nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon

We have studied the influence of surface fields H/sub p/ (generated by either direct or alternating core current) on soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon. While in an amorphous ribbon the coercive field H/sub c/ decreases with H/sub p/, in the same optimally annealed ribbon (H/sub c/=1.3 A/m, M/sub m//spl ap/M/sub s/) H/sub c/ increases with H/sub p/ for all the explored types of H/sub p/ (static and dynamic with different phases with respect to that of the magnetizing field H). The unexpected increase of H/sub c/ in nanocrystalline ribbon is associated with the influence of H/sub p/ on the surface and main (inner) domain structure. Here, we develop a model that takes into account this influence and explains the experimental results.