卫星发播标准时间频率的多普勒频移补偿

本文叙述了利用电视信号场道程第１６行和３２９行插入标准时频信息，由同步卫星进行标准时间频率的发播，讨论了由于卫星运动而引起的多普勒频率的计算、多普勒频率和卫星延时对用户接收标准时频信号的影响，着重介绍了补偿原理，并给出了实验结果。经补偿后，主站附近地区的校频准确度高于５×１０（－１２）／３０ｍｉｎ，频率稳定度高于３×１０（－１２）／３０ｍｉｎ，时间不确定度小于１００ｎｓ；国内其它地区的校频准确度预期最低可达１×１０（－１０）／３０ｍｉｎ。     

TV-Rb频标

1987年,我国中央电视台开始在电视信号中播发标准时间和标准频率[1],用户可以很方便地通过接收电视信号来获得标准时间和标准频率。我们利用中央电视台播发的彩色电视副载波443ＭＨｚ标准频率去锁定一台Ｒｂ原子频标(以下简称ＴＶＲｂ频标),获得了准确度、长期稳定度和短期稳定度均极佳的结果。近年来,社会上已有用中央电视台播发的彩色电视副载波去锁定晶振的产品出售,但由于从电视机取出的彩色电视副载波的短期稳定度不好,所以这类产品的短稳一般也不好,在1×10-9/ｓ左右。另外由于彩色副载波经常发生跳相,所以这类产品的输出也存在跳相,…     

江苏省计量院新建标准填补空白

正日前,由江苏省计量院新建的省内最高计量标准——频标比对器检定装置通过考核,取得标准考核证书。该标准填补了省内频标比对器检定校准的空白,实现了省内该项目的量值溯源和传递,将大大降低相关企业的检测成本。据悉,频标比对器是检测频率信号的重要仪器,广泛应用于电子、石化、电力等行业领域。此前,该省内一些企业和科研机构进行频标比对常需要将标准器送到北京、上海检测,耗费时间长,成本也大。江苏省计量院建立的频标比对器检定装置测量范围为     

利用GPS驯服校频技术提高晶振性能

采用高精度GPS授时信号驯服校频技术调节高稳晶振的频率,能够提高晶振的准确度和长期稳定性,同时输出同步于GPS系统的时间同步信号。可以广泛应用于试验部队计量测试、测控通信、时间统一系统中。还能推广应用到电信、电力等部门,具有很高的经济效益和应用价值。     

GPS授时信号同步方法研究与应用

针对卫星定位系统的校频和授时应用中的秒脉冲同步问题,提出了一种基于时间间隔测量和延迟线技术的精密脉冲同步技术方案,采用微处理器、时间间隔测量芯片和硅延迟电路,设计了测量控制电路,实现了脉冲宽范围精密同步,同步范围10ms,脉冲同步精度达到100ps,具有同步范围宽、同步精度高的特点。在基于GPS的精密校频授时中应用,实现本地时钟与GPS时钟精密同步。     

UHF电视扫频仪的主要误差及其计量

本文介绍了常用ＵＨＦ电视扫频仪ＸＳＱ－４Ａ、ＮＷ５３１２、ＱＨ５３２０等的几项重要技术特性，如频标信号频率准确度、输出功率或输出电平，平坦度，输出衰减器等，并讨论了指标的检定计量、标准设备选用以及如何提高计量检定精度等．     

30～100000转/分转速标准装置

本文所述的转速标准装置系采用差频稳速系统,用频率综合器作为频率给定,控制部分采用线性差频器和逻辑差频器并联方案,调节部分采用可控硅供电的双环路调节系统,测量部分采用频闪测速系统,且用数字测速法作旁证。整个装置的测量范围为50～100000转/分,准确度优于±5.0×10~(-5)。     

实现自动化的实时性——实时自动化的精确时间同步技术——IEEE1588

IEEE1588精确时间同步技术作为一个标准。它第一次实现了不同末端设备之间基于网络的高精度时间同步。同步精度小于1个μs 。本文主要介绍了这一协议的工作方式。如何使用和实现。以及可以达到的同步精度。     

石英频率标准日老化率测量结果的不确定度评定

一、概述 1.测量依据 JJG181-2005《石英晶体频率标准检定规程》、JJG180-2002《电子测量仪器内石英晶体振荡器检定规程》。 2.测量环境条件 可处于15℃-30℃范围内任一点,温度最大允许变化范围为±2℃,相对湿度不大于80%。 3.测量标准铷原子频率标准、PO7D频标比对器,输出范围及功能满足被测仪器的要求。 4.测量对象石英频率标准PO16M。     

一种简单经济的彩色电视付载波频率比对器

彩色电视付载波频率传播的稳定性已为许多国家的科技工作者所肯定。利用彩色电视付载波校频是一种简单经济的方法,目前不少单位正在积极研究,并已取得一定成绩。一九七八年,我们开始做了一些工作。在选取电路方案时,若采用频差倍增法,需要有组成倍频器和混频器的调谐回路,因而不便于实现集成化。本文介绍一种基于差频周期法和取样鉴相原理并集成化的彩色电视付载波校频电路。其结构简单,成本低廉,可靠性高。同时,又能缩短校频时间。     

A novel frequency calibration device using color televisionsubcarrier

The conventional frequency calibration devices using the color television subcarrier, utilize a frequency synthesizer to generate the calibrated frequency signal into the signal which is the same in nominal frequency with the chroma subcarrier signal. Then it is calibrated by the phase comparison method with the 3.57 MHz chroma subcarrier signal. This paper describes a new method and does not use the frequency synthesizer but uses a simpler device to accomplish the calibration. The measuring accuracy is better than that of conventional devices     

Automation and Evaluation of Two Different Techniques to Calibrate Precision Calibrators for Low Frequency Voltage Using Thermal Devices

Low frequency (LF) voltage and current are important parameters in electrical metrology. The standards for LF voltage and current are established by assigning AC–DC transfer difference to thermal devices, i.e. thermal converters or thermal transfer standard along with current shunts. Automated calibration systems have been developed based on Null method and measurement technique developed by Budovsky for calibration of precision calibrator in LF voltage and current against thermal devices. The technique based on the Algorithm developed by Dr. Ilya Budovsky (National Metrology Institute (NMI), Australia) has been compared with the conventional null technique. Indigenously developed software has been used to calibrate the precision calibrator in the entire LF voltage and current range using Holt thermal converters and current shunts. Calibration results at 1 V, 10 V in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 1 MHz as well as calibration results of 1 A in the frequency range from 40 Hz to 10 kHz are presented in this paper. These result shows that the measurement technique developed by Budovsky has reduced the complexity of AC–DC transfer measurements, measurement time and the uncertainty in measurement.     

Theory of Frequency Syntesis

The design of a system for the synthesis of one frequency from another is discussed in terms of mathematical methods of approximating real numbers, the ratio of the frequencies being the number approximated. A general equation describing the frequency synthesis process is derived and it is shown, using charts, how block diagrams for a frequency synthesizer can be developed from the solutions of this equation. Examples are given for a synthesizer which compares the frequency of an ammonia N15H3 maser with a standard frequency of 5 MHz, and for a synthesizer which offsets a standard frequency of 100 kHz by steps of 1×10-5 Hz.     

基于任意波形发生器的高压短路试验测量系统校准方法和装置的研究

提出了一种将标准短路试验波形注入多通道任意波形发生器,来产生模拟实际的校准波形,进而对测量系统进行校准的方法。校准装置使用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、直接数字频率合成器(DDS)等器件。对装置的检定结果表明:在10 Hz^200 kHz频率范围内,输出频率、输出电压最大误差分别为2.1×10^-6、3×10^-3。重复输出10次,输出幅值的最大相对标准偏差为5.7×10^-4,1年内幅值变化的最大相对标准偏差为1.9×10^-4。通过将该装置用于实际高压短路试验测试系统的校准,验证了试验波形的噪声、零漂及带宽均会对测量系统的准确度产生显著影响。     

An ultrasonic time-delay spectrometry system employing digital processing

Time-delay spectrometry (TDS) is a swept-frequency technique that has proven useful in several ultrasonic applications. Commercial TDS systems are available, but only in the audio frequency range. Several ultrasonic research TDS systems have been constructed, and they have been used effectively for substitution calibration of hydrophones and for measurement of attenuation and sound velocity in materials. Unfortunately these systems depend on features of commercial equipment no longer manufactured, so a new system has been designed using modern equipment and straightforward signal processing. This system requires a frequency source with a reasonably linear sweep of frequency versus time, audio frequency filters, a standard double-balanced mixer, a power splitter, a waveform digitizer capable of handling audio frequency signals, and a personal computer. An optional implementation that shifts the signal to a lower frequency for more convenient digitization and easier velocity measurements additionally requires an audio frequency oscillator and an audio-range analog multiplier. The processing steps are performed with standard signal processing software. To demonstrate the operation of the system, substitution calibration measurements of hydrophones as well as attenuation measurements on a tissue mimicking material were obtained and compared to a custom TDS system previously described by the authors. The data from these two TDS systems agree to within +/- 0.5 dB in the 1-10 MHz frequency range used. Higher frequency source transducers could be used to extend this range.     

光纤网时间同步性能计量校准装置研制

为解决光纤时间传递系统中存在的远距离传递准确度低的问题,分析了环回法、双纤双向时间同步、双向波分复用、双向时分复用四种主流的高精度光纤时间传递方法的基本原理和技术特点,在此基础上研制了单信道时频传递装置。该装置采用电学相位补偿法实现频率传递同步,采用环回法与时分复用相结合的方法实现时间传递同步;使用1 秒脉冲（Pulse Per Second, PPS）和100 MHz共同标记时刻信号,其中1 PPS作为时刻粗标记,100 MHz作为时刻细标记,实现高精度时间同步。经实验证明,单信道时频传递装置的不确定度约为13 ps,能够满足现有光纤时频同步网计量校准的要求。该装置在多级时间传递同步、光纤时频同步网计量校准等领域中具有广阔的应用前景,为建设高稳定性、高可靠性和高精度的授时体系提供了重要技术支撑。     

GT9000微波合成信号源频率合成方案

介绍了GT9000微波合成信号源的频率合成方案。讨论了怎样在10MHz～26．5GHz的频率范围内产生具有理想频谱和1Hz分辨力的高稳定的微波信号。     

原子频标频率漂移率测试系统

针对铷原子频标的日漂移率的测试需求,采用时差法设计日频率漂移率检测装置。该装置通过多路分频器,将被测频标1 MHz、5 MHz、10 MHz信号分频为标准1PPS信号。GPIB接口控制时间间隔计数器测量时差数据并传输给计算机,计算测量结果。装置自动化程度高、工作稳定,实现对多台铷原子频标日频率漂移率的自动化测量。     

一种通用多通道高频相控发射和采集系统

声呐系统性能检测需要一种多通道可控相位信号和多通道大容量高速数据采集系统。通过多种高速数据采集和信号发射方案的对比,选用基于图形化编程语言LabVIEW和相应的硬件设备,设计、研制了一种32通道发射和128通道高速数据采集系统,用于多数声呐系统的性能检测。发射系统利用直接数字合成技术,生成可以单独调节相位的32通道正弦信号;采集系统采用分块读取减少缓冲区数据占用的方式,实现有限数据采集,并采用减少显示图形更新次数、使用DAQmx配置记录函数等方法,实现连续数据采集。测试结果表明,系统实现在采样率为2 MHz时,128通道中每通道1 300 000点的有限数据采集,以及采样率最高为0.7 MHz的128通道的连续数据采集。利用该系统对高分辨率测深侧扫声呐的发射信号进行检测,发射信号正常,系统工作良好。     

A Heterodyne Low-Level Signal Phase Meter Operating over 1 MHz to 300 MHz

After giving a brief summary of the main devices allowing the measurement of phase shifts between two sine signals in the approximate range 1 Hz-1 GHz, we propose a new apparatus for measuring phase shift. The principle of this apparatus uses a heterodyne technique in association with a phase-locked loop which brings about frequency translation of the measured signals. The intermediate frequency which is obtained is small with respect to the frequencies studied conveying a high degree of selectivity to the apparatus. This allows measurements to be made on signal with noise or low-level signal while also maintaining good accuracy. For a system operating from 1-300 MHz, we have obtained phase linearity of ± 1°, resolution of 0.1°. In obtaining the accuracy of ± 5°, the sensitivity is -86 dBm in the 1-30-MHz frequency range; with 300 MHz the sensitivity reached is -68 dBm.