何以解忧,唯有露营——探讨中国房车露营文化以及标准出台的现实意义

<正>自由、星空、天然、悠然的风……这些充满诗意的名词,能在我们生命中那些不经意的某个瞬间,带给我们关于生活中最美好的向往。但是对于我们大多数人来说,在自由的世界里仰望星空,这种"乌托邦"式的生活场地,都只能是孩提时代的记忆。行色匆匆的路人、啃着面包的上班族、冷漠的钢筋水泥大楼,纷繁嘈杂的世界……这些城市化的世界,无疑让置身其中的人们感到疲惫不堪。我们需要时间和空间,需要慢下来,慢下来生活,慢慢地感受时间的流逝,才能让生命变得更加有意义。所幸的是,随着国民休闲旅游需求的不断增长,一种区别于传统的旅游方式——房车露营旅游开始慢慢在中国大地上生根开花。     

层状材料的高阶连续统模型

本文研究了由两种各向同性线性弹性材料组成的层状复合材料。同时利用位移在上下层面处的值及各阶导数对层内位移展开,并引用层面处应力矢量为参变量,使得层面处的应力和位移连续条件自动满足。然后利用Hamilton原理,按无约束条件变分,得到界面上的Euler方程,由此得到高阶连续统模型的场方程。考虑了场方程的长波近似和短波近似,所得结果和现存理论符合得很好。      

各类实验室人员的培训和要求

0 概述 各类实验室的人员培训、教育是一项重要的、长期的、必须的工作.对于任何一个实验室来说,期盼建立"一流的设备,一流的技术,一流的人才,一流的服务,一流的质量,一流的管理."是一个永恒的目标.人是第一要素,人是最关键的要素.优良的设备,先进的技术需要人去掌握、人去操作,人去实现其价值;优质的服务和管理,需要人去创造,人去实施,人去实现.     

创建实用而规范的电影剪辑工作模板

Final Cut Pro(简称FCP)是苹果公司开发的编辑软件,由于其较强的功能和低廉的价格,近些年在后期制作中得到了广泛的使用.配合Cinema Tools软件,FCP支持电影的24格编辑和输出剪辑表,成为电影剪辑的常用软件之一.FCP的使用较为灵活,但也容易造成管理的混乱.在实践中我们常常遇到一些问题,如剪辑工作到了最后阶段时,各种文件名、各种剪辑版本常常让人摸不清头脑,查找困难;当我们需要拿着移动硬盘到另一台机器工作的时候,常常发生文件丢失的情况等等.这些问题的出现,其实都是由于素材的管理不善造成的.     

电影放映跳片的原因及维修

跳片是电影放映中比较常见的一种现象,即在电影放映过程中,由于某种原因,使得在片门孔处以24格/秒的放映频率间歇走动的影片,突然产生非正常性的运动而引起的严重跳动.这时,下缓冲弯或上缓冲弯立即消失,影片拍打片门压片板发出急促的啪啪声,银幕上本来稳定清晰的画面顿时变得模糊,或只见画面上下跳动的痕迹,甚至像瀑布似的白茫茫一片.产生跳片有几方面的原因,既有影片本身的问题,也有装片、操作中的失误,还有放映设备引起的故障.下面试从这三个方面作些粗浅的分析,不妥和不足之处,请放映同行们指正补充.     

利用CBuilder中的Office组件来生成证书

针对目前测试数据生成规范化证书的要求,详细的阐述了利用C Builder中的Office组件自动调用Word文档的方法,该方法为测试数据的输出提供了极大的便利,并且在现代化的测试计量技术中也具有广阔的实用前景.通过对实现Word调用的两种方法的比较,表述了利用Word调用生成证书的具体过程.该方法是对仪器仪表自动测量系统的一个完善,不仅较大地提高了工作效率,而且还能节约一定的成本.     

创业风投顺风年 谁来引渡顺风船——访科技部研究中心创业投资研究所所长房汉廷

创业风险投资上世纪60年代发端于美国,1984年的时候引入到中国,从最初的盲目近疯,到后来的避之若疫,它的真相似乎一直被掩盖在一时炙手可热、一时风雨如晦的现象下面。创业风险投资业的管理者与投资者们,怀揣着不宁静的情绪,在十几年的暗淡摸索后,终于回归到"宁静致远"的基点,原来,创业风险投资非"神"亦非"妖",它是一个新兴的产业,是我们中国人还不擅于经营的一个产业。房汉廷所长在2007西安民博会上,题为"顺风行船跃千里"的报告中讲到"制度面的彻底改善,环境的积极优化,使压抑已久的中国创业风险投资业终于守得云开雾散,一串串数字显示的结果都昭示着一个新时代的真正开始"。在创业风险投资业"新时代"的开端,本刊记者采访了房汉廷所长。     

Si-Fe-C-O纤维电磁性能的研究

系统地研究了二茂铁、烧成温度、保温时间、氧含量以及游离碳等因素对Si-Fe-C-O纤维电阻率的影响.结果表明:二茂铁的增加、烧成温度的提高和保温时间的延长都有利于Si-Fe-C-O纤维电阻率的降低,而氧含量的增加和游离碳的减少增加了纤维的电阻率.Si-Fe-C-O纤维的磁性能是各向异性的.     

美丽的香格里拉

这里有神圣的雪山,幽深的峡谷,飞舞的瀑布,被森林环绕的宁静的湖泊,徜徉在美丽草原上成群的牛羊,净如明镜的天空,金碧辉煌的庙宇,这些都有着让人窒息的美丽。纯洁、好客的人们热情欢迎着远道而来的客人。这里是宗教的圣土,人间的天堂。在这里,太阳和月亮就停泊在你心中。这就是美丽的香格里拉。     

Digital Camera 2008全球年度摄影师大赛获奖作品欣赏

总冠军运动类一等奖戏水Tan Choo Wee这张照片是在印度尼西亚的巴厘岛拍摄的。这是一个小村外的河坝,当地村民经常会来这里洗衣服、洗澡,不过我最钟爱的还是这里的孩子们。当清晨的太阳从河坝背后慢慢升起的时候,阳光会首先照射到瀑布     

萝卜等花科蔬菜抗病毒、提高免疫功能等功效的研究进展

目的 通过对萝卜等十字花科蔬菜在抗病毒、提高免疫力、防癌抗癌和抗菌等功效方面的国内外研究进展进行总结和综述,分析当前该领域的研究现状和潜在发展方向。方法 通过参阅国内外相关文献,从十字花科蔬菜的活性成分和剂量等方面对花科蔬菜的抗病毒、提高免疫力、防癌抗癌及抗菌等功效进行分类和总结。结果 国内外对萝卜等十字花科蔬菜的抗病毒、提高免疫力等生物活性的研究仍处于初步阶段,但整体呈现上升趋势。在作用机制方面,花科蔬菜的生物功效研究仍存在障碍和瓶颈,无法充分阐明其详细的作用机制。花科蔬菜的抗病毒和提高免疫力等活性的开发和应用均面临着缺乏提取纯化方法和负面感官影响等诸多难题。可将花科蔬菜生物活性物质作为多功能食品添加剂,用于提高食品的质量和保健功能,从而提高食品的附加值。结论 综述了萝卜等十字花科蔬菜在抗病毒、提高免疫力、防癌抗癌和抗菌等功效的研究进展,并详细阐述了花科蔬菜的多种功效在食品领域的应用前景,旨在为萝卜等十字花科蔬菜的进一步加工利用和功能食品开发提供理论参考。     

论标志设计意象的妙合

标志的设计创意过程是概念的综合与创造的过程,在创意(意)与表现(象)、造型元素的提炼与组合、形式美法则的运用、继承与发展等方面进行综合创造,达到巧妙的融合.文中用孝感学院标志形象设计案例阐述了作者在标志设计创意方面的独特感悟--"意象的妙合",一个标志可以在形与意、具象与抽象、图与底、动与静、聚与散、新与旧等多方面同时形成"妙合"关系.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

PET和PAN纤维的拉伸形变和断裂过程

在扫描电子显微镜样品室中拉伸PET和PAN纤维,动态观察了纤维的形变和断裂行为,用照片记录了裂缝发生、发展和纤维最终断裂的过程。剪切带的出现和由此引起微裂缝的发生是PET纤维拉伸形变的主要特征,而个别大分子束的断裂形成裂缝的广泛出现则是PAN纤维的主要特征。研究得出纤维的结晶状况是拉伸下纤维形变和断裂行为的决定性因素。     

Capabilities evaluation of WSEM,milling and hobbing for meso-gear manufacturing

This paper describes manufacturing capabilities evaluation of wire spark erosion machining (WSEM), milling and hobbing to manufacture meso straight bevel gear (MSBG) and meso helical gear (MHG) made of SS 304 using microgeometry, macrogeometry, flank surface topology, surface finish, microstructure, microhardness, manufacturing time and cost, and gear material loss. Experiments were conducted using the parameters of WSEM, milling and hobbing processes optimized through trial experiments. This study reveals that WSEM manufactured MSBG and MHG possess better microgeometry (DIN 5-7), macrogeometry (29, 33, and 46?µm deviation in span, tooth thickness and outside diameter for MHG), topology, higher microhardness, superior microstructure, lower manufacturing time (25 and 20?min, respectively) and cost ($ 4 for both), smaller loss of gear material but poor surface finish (1.07 and 6.60?µm as average and maximum surface roughness for MHG and 1.04 and 6.16?µm for MSBG) than milled MSBG and hobbed MHG. Microstructure study showed presence of burrs and marks of the cutting tool on the flanks of the best quality hobbed MHG and milled MSBG. It proves that WSEM is a superior, economical, material efficient, and environment friendly process to manufacture meso-sized cylindrical and conical gears of higher accuracy and better quality with excellent repeatability.     

Optimization of the number of beating revolutions for centrifuged glassfiber wet-laid mat

Papermaking technique was applied to fabricate the centrifuged glassfiber mat (CGM). This paper discussed the influence of the number of beating revolutions on the morphology, drainability and absorbance of centrifuged glass wool (CGW) suspensions and the density and tensile strength of the resulting CGM. Beating had a great shortening effect on the fiber length and aspect ratio of glass fibers, but an inconspicuous effect on fiber diameter. The glass fibers in the suspensions beaten at 0r and 1500r were long and highly entangled, whereas those beaten at 3000r, 5000r and 8000r were slightly shortened and overlapped. The glass fibers beaten above 8000r were seriously damaged and uniformly distributed. The drainability of the suspensions under all the numbers of beating revolutions was excellent with a drainage resistance of lower than 16°SR and a drainage time of 8?s. Medium and heavy beating improved the uniformity of the suspensions, whereas heavy beating greatly lowered the tensile strength of the resulting CGM. In order to enhance the overall properties of the centrifuged glassfiber mat, the optimum number of beating revolutions was 3000r.     

Work-related versus non-work-related road accidents, developments in the last decade in France

The aim of this research was to analyze the changes that have affected work-related road accidents between 1997 and 2006, using police data. The study focused on drivers aged between 14 and 64 years. The characteristics considered were the age, gender, type of vehicle and occupation of the individuals involved and the location, time and severity of the accident. Two periods were compared, 1997-2000 and 2003-2006. Three types of journey were considered: while at work, commuting (going to and from work), and non-work-related.The percentage of all accidents which were work-related varied little over the decade (10% while at work and 18% while commuting). The accidents that occurred while at work still had the lowest fatality rates (1.4% among women and 3.4% among men in 2003-2006). Men accounted for the majority of the casualties: 90% of fatalities while at work and approximately 80% for the other types of journey. The greatest reduction took place in the number of motorists, and this has led to an increase in the proportion of motorized two-wheelers both while at work and while commuting. In the case of accidents while at work, the professional drivers still had the highest risk, craftsmen and shopkeepers were also at higher risk than manual workers of both genders and male employees. Extending analysis of this type to other European countries would be of major interest both for epidemiological monitoring and the prevention of occupational road accidents.     

真空包装食品中芽孢的危害及其控制研究进展

目的 解决厌氧型微生物及其芽孢对真空包装食品造成的污染问题,减少食品氧化腐败,延长产品货架期,为促进食品工业健康发展提供重要理论依据.方法 结合芽孢结构详细探讨芽孢的性质和抗性机制,揭示芽孢具有休眠特性和抗逆性强等特点的原因;对真空包装食品中芽孢的危害及易感染的芽孢菌进行系统概述;全面解析控制芽孢的物理、化学方法和"先萌发后杀灭"策略,并对芽孢的杀灭机制进行简要阐述.结论 芽孢是导致真空包装食品腐败变质的重要因素,研究和开发高效杀灭芽孢的新技术,对有效控制真空包装食品中的芽孢,提高食品安全性具有重要意义.     

生态县生态市生态省建设规划编制导则*

指导和规范生态县、生态市、生态省建设规划的编制，研究制定了本导则。导则明确指出生态省、生态市、生态县建设的实质是可持续发展能力建设，主要内容包括生态经济、生态环境、生态社会和生态文化四个方面。导则在阐述建设规划的内涵、意义和要求的基础上，提出了规划必须包括的内容以及规划编制的程序、方法、手段和审批程序。导则适用于全国各地生态县、生态市、生态省建设规划的编制，同时供审查规划和检查、考核建设成效时使用。     

CRYSTMET—The NRCC Metals Crystallographic Data File

CRYSTMET is a computer-readable database of critically evaluated crystallographic data for metals (including alloys, intermetallics and minerals) accompanied by pertinent chemical, physical and bibliographic information. It currently contains about 60 000 entries and covers the literature exhaustively from 1913. Scientific editing of the abstracted entries, consisting of numerous automated and manual checks, is done to ensure consistency with related, previously published studies, to assign structure types where necessary and to help guarantee the accuracy of the data and related information. Analyses of the entries and their distribution across key journals as a function of time show interesting trends in the complexity of the compounds studied as well as in the elements they contain. Two applications of CRYSTMET are the identification of unknowns and the prediction of properties of materials. CRYSTMET is available either online or via license of a private copy from the Canadian Scientific Numeric Database Service (CAN/SND). The indexed online search and analysis system is easy and economical to use yet fast and powerful. Development of a new system is under way combining the capabilities of ORACLE with the flexibility of a modern interface based on the Netscape browsing tool.