典型夹芯结构复合材料VARI工艺成型仿真计算研究

对于大尺寸夹芯结构或复杂形状夹芯结构复合材料的VARI工艺成型过程的模拟仿真计算,如果采用传统的建模方法,则建模困难,模拟仿真计算量大,效率不高。针对此问题,提出了一种简单方便的等效建模法。以弧形和带加强筋的夹芯结构复合材料构件为基础模型,采用等效建模法建立了实体CAD模型和有限元网格模型,并利用PAM-RTM软件对两种夹芯结构复合材料构件的VARI工艺成型过程进行了仿真计算,并结合工艺成型实验进行了实验验证。     

穿孔泡沫夹芯复合材料灌注工艺仿真与方案优选

以穿孔泡沫夹芯复合材料为研究对象,对其真空辅助树脂灌注(VARI)工艺进行了实验研究、仿真分析和方案优选。首先,通过实验测试与数值计算分别得到穿孔夹芯结构织物与芯材孔洞的渗透率;然后,对穿孔夹芯结构灌注过程进行三维仿真模拟,并通过实尺度灌注实验验证了仿真模拟的可靠性;最后,基于验证的仿真模型进行工艺参数优选,拟合得到了灌注时间的预测模型。结果表明：数值仿真与实验值基本吻合,能较准确地模拟穿孔夹芯结构成型时的流动过程和孔隙分布;灌注时间的预测模型可用于指导实际生产;通过优化成型工艺参数可控制树脂的流动行为,达到缩短成型时间和降低构件孔隙率的目的。     

泡沫夹芯结构复合材料VARI工艺模拟仿真技术研究

采用模拟仿真软件对聚氯乙烯泡沫夹芯结构复合材料矩形平板成型工艺进行了模拟分析.考察了芯材厚度、芯材的开槽方式及开槽尺寸等对树脂充模过程的影响,确定了适于工程应用的开槽方式及尺寸.     

嵌入加强筋的缝合泡沫夹芯结构复合材料VARTM工艺树脂充填模拟及验证

在缝合泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的泡沫中嵌入轻质的加强筋板,可以在不增加缝合密度并且在只增加较少质量的前提下,增强复合材料制品整体的强度和刚性。文中对真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型(VARTM)工艺树脂在嵌入加强筋的缝合泡沫夹芯结构复合材料预成型体中充填过程进行模拟和验证研究。采用一种矩形流道模型代替沿加强筋与泡沫空隙间的树脂流动,并对其等效渗透率及孔隙率进行计算;通过PAM-RTM软件模拟了嵌入加强筋板的缝合泡沫夹芯结构VARTM工艺的树脂充填过程,并建立了流动可视化实验装置与模拟对比,结果表明模拟与实验相当吻合。而模拟与实验的结果均表明加强筋的引入可以在局部加强树脂沿厚度方向的流动,但是会延缓树脂对整个预成型体的充填。     

VARI成型泡沫夹芯壁板结构界面性能

针对真空辅助成型工艺(VARI)制备的泡沫夹芯壁板面-芯界面粘接强度较低的问题, 提出铺放本体树脂胶膜和对芯材进行打孔两种解决方案。通过无损检测、三点弯曲力学性能测试、计算机模拟树脂充模流动以及微观界面结构观察, 探究两种方案的可行性及改善效果, 分析了胶膜的有无和厚度、打孔工艺参数对界面性能的影响。结果表明, 在不加入胶膜时界面强度最高, 胶膜厚度在0.5 mm时, 无损检测显示的界面缺陷最少, 胶膜厚度达到2 mm后界面质量下降; 合理设计芯材的打孔行、间距可以促进树脂充模流动, 形成质量好的连续界面, 同时还能提高结构刚度。     

真空辅助树脂灌注工艺成型泡沫夹芯结构工艺设计与控制

采用无屈曲织物(NCF)、 CYCOM^® 890 RTM树脂体系和聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫以及真空辅助树脂灌注成型工艺(VARI)成型泡沫夹芯复合材料平板, 结合力学性能测试和微观结构分析等手段研究了成型过程中抽胶对夹芯板界面质量以及纤维体积分数的影响, 分析产生的缺陷类型及原因, 优化了工艺参数。结果表明: 抽胶有利于提高泡沫夹芯板的纤维体积分数和力学性能, 在100～120 ℃温度范围内进行30 min的抽胶, 工艺稳定, 层间剪切强度和弯曲强度显著提高。     

真空辅助树脂灌注工艺成型泡沫夹芯结构工艺设计与控制

采用无屈曲织物(NCF)、CYCOM(R) 890 RTM树脂体系和聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫以及真空辅助树脂灌注成型工艺(VARI)成型泡沫夹芯复合材料平板,结合力学性能测试和微观结构分析等手段研究了成型过程中抽胶对夹芯板界面质量以及纤维体积分数的影响,分析产生的缺陷类型及原因,优化了工艺参数.结果表明:抽胶有利于提高泡沫夹芯板的纤维体积分数和力学性能,在100～120℃温度范围内进行30 min的抽胶,工艺稳定,层间剪切强度和弯曲强度显著提高.     

复合材料夹芯泡沫开孔对树脂充模的影响分析

针对夹芯泡沫开孔的复合材料进行了RTM工艺充模过程模拟分析,通过对不同开孔密度的复合材料的充模过程、充模时间以及压力分布等的比较分析,考察了夹芯泡沫开孔对充模过程所产生的影响。分析表明,树脂充模时间并不必然随着夹芯泡沫开孔密度的增大而减少,相反,在每排开孔密度一致的情况下,如果开孔密度足够大,则因为减少了不同方向流过来的树脂之间的相互干涉,导致开孔排数的减少反而会降低树脂的充模时间。     

基于FEPG有限元分析系统的树脂充模过程模拟

为优化复杂预成型体结构的液体成型工艺,基于有限元法/生死节点法模拟了复合材料液体模塑成型过程树脂流动,并针对典型矩形平板、圆板结构、I型加筋壁板充模过程进行了仿真与验证。结果表明:典型矩形平板和圆板结构的充模过程模拟结果与理论解一致性较好,验证了生死节点法跟踪树脂流动前锋的有效性。含有方腔的变厚度圆柱体和正方体三维实体结构的充模过程模拟验证了有限元方法对三维结构的适用性。基于有限元法/生死节点法的液体充模过程模拟方法对于复杂求解区域具有更好适应性,可用于复杂实体结构的液体模塑成型工艺过程树脂流动规律预测、指导模具设计及工艺优化。      

缝合泡沫夹芯结构复合材料VARTM工艺树脂充填模拟及验证

采用"长条"模型代替泡沫中沿缝线方向树脂流动模型并对其等效渗透率及孔隙率进行计算;然后用PAM-RTM软件对缝合泡沫夹芯结构真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型(VARTM)工艺树脂充填过程进行数值模拟,最后建立了流动可视化实验装置对模拟结果进行实验验证。对比模拟与实验结果表明,模拟与实验完成整个充填过程的时间非常接近,并且树脂在预成型体中流动方式及在预成型体上、下面板流动状态的数值模拟与实验结果也非常地一致。故建立的"长条"模型及其相关参数的计算是合理的,可以用来准确地预测缝合泡沫夹芯结构VARTM工艺树脂充填过程。另外,树脂在上面板流动前沿在沿宽度方向较为统一,而树脂在下面板流动前沿呈现锯齿状,容易产生空隙及干斑等缺陷,影响制品的质量。     

缝合参数对泡沫夹层结构复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空辅助树脂注射(VARI)成型工艺制备不同缝合方式和缝合密度的缝合泡沫夹层复合材料, 研究缝合参数对平面拉伸、三点弯曲、芯子剪切以及滚筒剥离性能的影响。结果表明: 缝合使泡沫夹层复合材料的平面拉伸强度和芯子剪切强度明显降低, 可以改善弯曲性能并大幅提高滚筒剥离性能, 改进锁式缝合方式优于临缝式缝合方式; 适当地增加缝合行距对力学性能有一定的积极作用, 但不利于滚筒剥离性能的提高; 与未缝合泡沫夹层复合材料相比, 当缝合密度为30 mm×10 mm时, 改进锁式缝合泡沫夹层复合材料的平拉强度和芯子剪切强度分别降低了14.75%和24.79%, 弯曲强度和平均剥离强度分别提高了7.96%和80.78%。     

碳纤维树脂基复合材料及成型工艺与应用研究进展

目的 碳纤维树脂基复合材料的可设计性和性能优越性使得碳纤维及其树脂基复合材料的应用范围不断拓展.文章简述了碳纤维的性能、发展和分类,研究碳纤维树脂基复合材料的性能影响因素、成型工艺及应用领域,探索其未来研究的发展方向.方法 采用文献调研法,梳理和汇总国内外关于碳纤维树脂基复合材料的制备及应用研究,分析国内外关于其性能影响因素、成型工艺和应用领域的研究进展.结论 碳纤维树脂基复合材料性能受碳纤维含量、基体和碳纤维界面结合性能等因素的影响.国内碳纤维树脂基复合材料的成型技术主要以传统成型工艺为主,不同性能要求和结构特点的构件采用不同成型工艺.应用范围从航空航天、军工领域不断拓展至民用领域,生产制备的高效能化和低成本化是其未来发展方向.此外,环境问题及碳纤维的回收利用是未来碳纤维及其复合材料应用的关键问题.     

Optimization of Resin Infusion Processing for Composite Pipe Key-Part and K/T Type Joints Using Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding

In present study, the optimization injection processes for manufacturing the composite pipe key-part and K/T type joints in vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) were determined by estimating the filling time and flow front shape of four kinds of injection methods. Validity of the determined process was proved with the results of a scaling-down composite pipe key-part containing of the carbon fiber four axial fabrics and a steel core with a complex surface. In addition, an expanded-size composite pipe part was also produced to further estimate the effective of the determined injection process. Moreover, the resin injection method for producing the K/T type joints via VARTM was also optimized with the simulation method, and then manufactured on a special integrated mould by the determined injection process. The flow front pattern and filling time of the experiments show good agreement with that from simulation. Cross-section images of the cured composite pipe and K/T type joints parts prove the validity of the optimized injection process, which verify the efficiency of simulation method in obtaining a suitable injection process of VARTM.     

Three-Dimensional Flow Simulations for the Resin Transfer Molding Process

In resin transfer molding (RTM) a stack of fiber mats or woven rovings is laid inside the mold cavity. Then the mold is sealed and resin is injected. The computer simulation of the injection phase in resin transfer molding (RTM) can help the mold designer to position properly the injection ports and the air vents, to select an adequate injection presssure and to optimize the cycle time. The purpose of this article is to present a finite element simulation model of the filling process that can be applied to three-dimensional “thin shell” molds. An application to a subway seat is described to illustrate the various stages of the simulation     

Analysis of non-isothermal mold filling process in resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM)

In this paper, we present a modeling and numerical simulation of a mold filling process in resin transfer molding/structural reaction injection molding utilizing the homogenization method. Conventionally, most of the mold filling analyses have been based on a macroscopic flow model utilizing Darcy's law. While Darcy's law is successful in describing the averaged flow field within the mold cavity packed with a porous fiber preform, it requires experiments to obtain the permeability tensor and is limited to the case of porous fiber preform-it can not be used to model the resin flow through a double porous fiber preform. In the current approach, the actual flow field is considered, to which the homogenization method is applied to obtain the averaged flow model. The advantages of the current approach are: parameters such as the permeability and effective heat conductivity of the impregnanted fiber preform can be calculated; the actual flow field as well as averaged flow field can be obtained; and the resin flow through a double porous fiber preform can be modelled. In the presentation, we first derive the averaged flow model for the resin flow through a porous fiber preform and compare it with that of other methods. Next, we extend the result to the case of double porous fiber preform. An averaged flow model for the resin flow through a double porous fiber preform is derived, and a simulation program is developed which is capable of predicting the flow pattern and temperature distribution in the mold filling process. Finally, an example of a three dimensional part is provided.     

Effect of processing conditions and material properties on the debond fracture toughness of foam-core sandwich composites: process model development

Vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) is a recently developed promising low-cost batch process that has been applied to the manufacture of large-sized composite parts. The process has been successfully extended to the construction of foam-core sandwich composites by introducing a co-injection resin transfer molding (CIRTM) technique. In the CIRTM process, the sandwich is manufactured in one integral step and the bonding between the skin and the core is developed during the cure process. The structural performance and reliability of these sandwiches are dependent on the strength of the core-skin bonding. Processing conditions and material parameters such as permeability of fibers and foam; viscosity and cure kinetics of the resin; and resin infusion pressure and temperature all affect the cure. A rigorous 3D non-isothermal processing model was developed for the first time to assist in the design and optimization of the CIRTM process for sandwich construction. A simplified 1D isothermal model was also developed for real-time control and compared with the full-blown model. The effects of various processing parameters on the core-skin bonding strength were investigated with parametric studies. Based on these studies using the processing models, we develop heuristics for optimizing application-relevant parameters of the sandwich composites.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of resin flow using capacitance sensor data assimilation during a liquid composite molding process: A numerical study

Liquid composite molding (LCM) is a method to manufacture fiber-reinforced composites, where dry fabric reinforcement is impregnated with a resin in a molding apparatus. However, the inherent process variability changes resin flow patterns during mold filling, which in turn may cause void formation. We propose a method to reconstruct three-dimensional resin flow in LCM, without embedding sensors into the composite structure. Capacitance measured from pairs of electrodes on molding tools and the stochastic simulation of resin flow during an LCM process are integrated by a sequential data assimilation method based on the ensemble Kalman filter; then, three-dimensional resin flow and permeability distribution are estimated simultaneously. The applicability of this method is investigated by numerical experiments, characterized by different spatial distributions of permeability. We confirmed that changes in resin flow caused by spatial permeability variations could be captured and the spatial distribution of permeability could be estimated by the proposed method.     

顺序控制技术在复杂塑料制品注射成型中的应用

采用传统热流道注射技术成型大型复杂的塑料产品,由于熔接痕数目多,使产品在涂装过程中频繁出现色兰.针对这一问题,提出了顺序控制注射技术的新方法,通过在原有注塑机上加装可控制的液压回路,实现多浇口顺序控制,从而减少或消除熔接痕.建立了某轿车前保险杠顺序控制注射成型数值模拟模型,运用控制机理及数值模拟技术,对其成型过程进行了分析.通过比较,表明采用顺序控制注射方法可以较好地控制大型注射产品成型中的熔接痕,生产试验验证所提出模型和方法的有效性和可靠性.