TOMAC／正辛醇／异辛烷反胶团体系萃取细胞色素C

研究了用三辛基甲基氯化铵（TOMAC）／正辛醇／异辛烷反胶团相转移法萃取细胞色素C时,水相pH值、离子强度、正辛醇含量、相体积比、搅拌时间等因素的影响。结果表明,正辛醇的量、水相pH值是萃取过程的关键因素,在低离子强度（CKCl＝0．05mol/L）、高pH值（pH＝13．66）、含正辛醇体积分数为0．85％的情况下,萃取率接近100％。     

微乳液膜法萃取镍

采用油酸/丁醇/碳酸钠水溶液组成的微乳体系对水相中Ni2 进行萃取研究,考察了微乳体系组成,水相的pH值、膜水比、搅拌时间等实验参数对萃取率的影响,以及水相中NaCl盐度对微乳体系乳化的影响.实验结果表明:当油酸∶丁醇∶碳酸钠(1.0 mol/L)=5∶5∶4(体积比),油内比Roi为2.5,废水pH值在5.1~5.8间,膜水比Rew为1∶7,搅拌时间为6 min时,Ni2 萃取率达99.91%,由初始浓度0.5 g/L降至0.7 mg/L,水相中NaCl含量1.5 g/L,萃取过程中不存在溶胀现象.用盐酸调节pH值破乳,油相回用,实验结果证明5次回用后液膜萃取效果基本不变.     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜/二(2-乙基已基)膦酸体系萃取水溶液中铜离子的研究

研究了聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触萃取器中二(2-乙基已基)磷酸萃取金属铜离子的工艺条件以及溶剂夹带,分析了原料的pH值、两相流速、有机相初始铜离子浓度以及萃取膜面积对萃取效率的影响,结果表明,两相流速、萃取膜面积对萃取率基本无影响,而水溶液的pH值和有机相初始铜离子浓度的改变使萃取率在40%～99%之间变化.这主要是由于整个萃取过程的传质阻力主要来源于D2EHPA和Cu2 的界面配位络合反应阻力,当铜浓度比较高时,传质阻力或传质系数与铜浓度无关,其值基本不变;而当铜浓度降低时,传质阻力随着铜浓度的降低而增大,传质系数则随着铜浓度的降低而减小.     

反胶团萃取嗜热芽孢杆菌HS08发酵液中胞外蛋白酶研究

讨论了影响AOT/异辛烷反胶团体系萃取嗜热芽孢杆菌HS08发酵液中耐高温中性蛋白酶的因素.实验结果表明,AOT/异辛烷反胶团在很短的时间内能达到萃取平衡,100 mmol.L-1NaCl的离子强度有助于蛋白酶的反胶团萃取.在50 mmol.L-1AOT、pH4.5、100 mmol.L-1NaCl、油水相体积比为1的条件下萃取5 min能达到80%以上的酶活力回收率.     

刺激响应性聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯水凝胶

以二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂,甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯为单体,分别采用普通自由基聚合和原子转移自由基聚合合成交联聚甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)。由于PDMAEMA同时呈现温度、pH和离子强度敏感性,文中研究了离子强度、pH值对交联PDMAEMA在水溶液中的溶胀比、体积相转变温度(TVPT)的影响。实验结果表明,PDMAEMA水凝胶的溶胀度随着离子强度和pH值的增大而减小;溶液离子强度的改变导致体系中的水状态发生改变,TVPT也随之改变;在酸性条件下TVPT随着pH值的增加而降低。     

钠基累托石对水溶液中镍(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能

将天然钙基累托石(Ca-REC)经适当处理得到钠基累托石(Na-REC).在静态条件下,研究了Na-REC对水溶液中Ni(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能和吸附热力学,考察了pH值、离子强度、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,pH值和离子强度是影响吸附的主要因素,离子交换反应和表面配位反应是Na-REC吸附Ni(Ⅱ)离子的主要机理;在25℃、pH=7.0～8.0、吸附时间为3 h、Na-REC用量为6 g/L、Ni(Ⅱ)浓度50 mg/L、离子强度为0.01 mol/L NaNO3的条件下,用Na-REC吸附水溶液中的Ni(Ⅱ)离子,Ni(Ⅱ)离子去除率可达98%以上;Na-REC对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附是个自发的、反应度很大的过程,吸附符合Freun-dlich模型.     

微萃取瓶富集/离子对色谱法测定水中含氯杀菌剂

采用自制微萃取瓶富集/反相离子对色谱法同时测定水中五氯酚、五氯硝基苯和五氯苯甲醚三种含氯杀菌剂。考察了萃取剂种类、用量,水样pH值,萃取时间等条件对回收率的影响情况。采用基质校正工作曲线,五氯酚、五氯硝基苯和五氯苯甲醚在(5～100)ng/mL范围内线性良好。平均回收率分别为94.57%、87.65%和87.32%,相对标准偏差为1.77%、3.60%和3.90%。     

TiO_2-SA-Arg纳米颗粒稳定Pickering乳液的制备及稳定因素

采用浸渍改性法将水杨酸(SA)与精氨酸(Arg)修饰到纳米TiO_2颗粒表面,并采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、比表面积分析仪、透射电镜、动态光散射、热重分析以及接触角测定仪对改性粒子的结构及性能进行了表征。结果显示,改性颗粒为介孔混晶结构的片状纳米粒子,颗粒较未改性前表面亲水性减弱且在水中团聚减轻。研究了乳化时间、水相pH值与电解质、固体粒子用量、油相体积分数、静置温度对改性粒子稳定的硝基苯/水型Pickering乳液的静置稳定性的影响。结果表明,水相pH=3~5时和Na Cl浓度为0.05~0.2 mol/L时,乳液静置稳定性最佳;乳液乳化系数与固体粒子用量呈成正比关系;观测到乳液在油相体积分数为40%发生转相。测定了固体颗粒的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值,发现改性颗粒具有类似双亲性高分子的性质。     

阴离子型高吸水性树脂凝胶的响应性能

以CMCTS-g-PAA和CMCTS-g-(PAANa-co-PVP)两类羧甲基壳聚糖改性阴离子型高吸水性树脂凝胶为研究对象,对其所吸收液体性能变化的响应性进行了研究。研究发现,阴离子型高吸水性树脂随乙醇/水混合溶剂中乙醇体积分数(φ)的增大发生体积相转变;随树脂结构中链段极性的增大,凝胶相变点相应的(φ)值降低;并随所吸收液体中低极性乙醇含量的增大,-COO-之间的相互排斥作用减弱,树脂的吸水速率降低。当研究溶液离子强度对树脂溶胀性能的影响时发现,1/S值较大时,离子强度与Q5/3成正比;但离子浓度较大时,Q5/3与1/S的线性关系消失。此外所吸收溶液的pH值对树脂的吸收率也有很大的影响。     

注凝成型制备ZTA复相陶瓷

讨论了pH值、分散剂添加量、 ZrO₂(3Y)含量和固相体积分数对氧化锆增韧氧化铝(Zirconia toughened alumina, ZTA) 陶瓷注凝成型浆料粘度的影响,研究了注凝成型的烧结样品的性能和显微结构。结果表明,当pH值为8.5、分散剂添加量为0.9%时,可以制备固相体积分数达55%的低粘度ZTA (20%ZrO₂) 悬浮体。高固相悬浮体制备的烧结试样具有结构致密、ZrO₂分布较均匀和t-ZrO₂含量高等特征,其强度和断裂韧性分别达631.5 MPa和7.64 MPa · m1/2。      

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.     

Core-current-enhanced domain-wall pinning in nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon

We have studied the influence of surface fields H/sub p/ (generated by either direct or alternating core current) on soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon. While in an amorphous ribbon the coercive field H/sub c/ decreases with H/sub p/, in the same optimally annealed ribbon (H/sub c/=1.3 A/m, M/sub m//spl ap/M/sub s/) H/sub c/ increases with H/sub p/ for all the explored types of H/sub p/ (static and dynamic with different phases with respect to that of the magnetizing field H). The unexpected increase of H/sub c/ in nanocrystalline ribbon is associated with the influence of H/sub p/ on the surface and main (inner) domain structure. Here, we develop a model that takes into account this influence and explains the experimental results.