SiCP/ Ni 纳米复合材料的超塑性

研究了SiC_P / Ni 纳米复合材料的超塑性。SiC_P / Ni 采用脉冲电沉积方法获得。拉伸实验温度为410 ℃和450 ℃, 应变速率范围为8.3 ×10 -4～ 5 ×10 -2 s -1 。温度为450 ℃、应变速率为1.67 ×10 -2 s-1时, 获得的最大延伸率为836 %。采用SEM、TEM 分析了沉积态材料的表面形貌、断口形貌及变形后的组织, 并对变形机理进行了探讨。通过SiC 颗粒稳定基体组织有利于实现材料的超塑性, 低空洞体积分数有助于获得大延伸率。晶粒长大到微米尺度时, 变形机制主要是位错协调的晶界滑移和位错滑移塑性。      

纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料的超塑性

研究了用电沉积方法制备的纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料的超塑特性,在试验温度410℃和450℃,应变速率为8.3×10-4s-1～5×10-2s-1的条件下,纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料均表现出超塑性.当温度为450℃、应变速率为1.67×10-2s-1时,在Ni/SiCp中获得最大延伸率为836%;在同样的温度下应变速率为1.67×10-3s-1时纳米Ni获得最大延伸率为550%.对超塑性变形后组织的分析表明,晶界滑移是主要变形机制,晶粒长大至亚微米/微米量级后,变形机制是位错协调晶界滑移和位错滑移塑性.     

添加剂对电沉积Al2O3/Ni-Co复合材料力学性能的影响

通过脉冲电沉积技术制备出含1,4-丁炔二醇或糖精为添加剂的Al2O3/Ni-Co复合材料,采用TEM、EDS等方法分析了含2种添加剂的Al2O3/Ni-Co复合材料的微观组织结构,比较了添加剂对材料光洁度、显微硬度、室温塑性以及高温塑性的影响,并通过SEM对变形后材料的显微结构进行了表征.以糖精为添加剂所制备的AlO3...     

喷雾沉积法制造的铝基复合材料的超塑性

喷雾沉积法制造的SiC_P/LY12复合材料经热压和热正挤压后,晶粒得以细化,SiC_P分布的均匀性大大改善.超塑性拉伸试验结果表明:SiC_P/LY12复合材料具有超塑性;变形温度、应变速率对极限延伸率和应变速率敏感性指数m值均有较大的影响.在变形温度为500℃和初始应变速率为1.0×10-3s-1时,获得的极限延伸率为345%.      

SiCW/Zn-22Al复合材料的超塑性

对低压浸渗、挤压比为10∶1的热挤压以及固溶处理制备的15vol％SiC_W/Zn-22Al复合材料的超塑性进行了研究。研究表明:在温度为658 K、初始应变速率为6.67×10-2s-1的拉伸变形条件下,其伸长率为150%,应变速率敏感指数m值约为0.33。     

原位生成(TiBw+TiCp)/Ti复合材料的高应变速率超塑性

将纯钛粉和B4C粉按一定比例混合均匀后,通过反应热压方法原位合成制备了TiB晶须和TiC颗粒增强体积分数为3%的钛基复合材料,并在950℃以16∶1的挤压比对复合材料进行了高温热挤压变形.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分别研究了原位生成复合材料的相结构和微观组织,并在700℃以不同应变速率对钛基复合材料进行了高温拉伸变形.研究表明:纯钛和B4C在1200℃真空热压原位合成产生两种不同形状的增强体,即短纤维状TiB晶须和等轴状的TiC颗粒;应变速率为5.95×10-4、1.19×10-3s-1和0.89×10-2s-1时,(TiBw TiCp)/Ti复合材料都表现出超塑性,延伸率分别为205.43%、148.3%和112.85%;700℃变形时(TiBw TiCp)/Ti复合材料的应变速率敏感指数为0.45.     

Ti-15-3钛合金超塑行为研究

为系统了解Ti-15-3合金的超塑性,研究了固溶态和两种不同变形量冷轧态的Ti-15-3合金板材在700～800 ℃和1×10-4 ～3×10-3s-1应变速率范围内的超塑性行为.结果表明:Ti-15-3合金具有较好的超塑性能,冷轧态合金的延伸率均优于固溶态,且随着板材冷轧变形量的增大而增大;各应变速率下,该合金都在780 ℃时获得最大延伸率和应变速率敏感性指数.在780 ℃和1×10-4s-1条件下拉伸时,冷轧变形量为52%的Ti-15-3合金板材获得了370%的延伸率,m值为O.56;变形温度和速率对合金的超塑性能影响很大,合金的延伸率在730～780 ℃范围内随温度的升高和应变速率的降低而升高,合金的流变应力则随之下降.     

AZ61镁合金薄板超塑性变形特征的SEM研究

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和超塑性拉伸实验对一次热挤压加工成型的AZ61镁合金薄板(晶粒尺寸～12μm)超塑性变形特征进行了研究.结果显示,在最佳的变形温度(623K)和应变速率(1×10-4s-1)条件下,可获得的最大的超塑性形变量为920%.在523～673 K实验温度和1×10-2～1×10-5s-1应变速率范围内,材料的应变速率敏感指数(m值)随实验温度升高和应变速率的降低而增加.较高的m值(0.42～0.46)对应于晶界滑动机制(GBS),而较低的m值(0.22～0.25)则对应于位错滑移机制.变形温度和应变速率是影响超塑性变形量和变量机制的主要因素.     

镁合金板材超塑性成形极限的实验研究

通过超塑性刚性凸模胀形实验研究了AZ31B镁合金板材的超塑性成形极限.在变形温度为573K,初始变形速率为3.3×10-4s-1的条件下,建立了AZ31B镁合金板料成形极限实验曲线(FLC),并且得到无论在拉压变形方式或是在双向受拉变形方式下超塑性变形时,AZ31B镁合金板料发生集中性失稳的条件均是dε2=0.     

Ti3Al金属间化合物超塑性的研究进展

详细的对Ti3Al金属间化合物的超塑性研究进展状况进行了总结和评述.根据现有的研究结果可知,此类合金的最佳超塑性变形温度为940～980℃,最佳超塑性变形的应变速率为10-4～10-3s-1,其最大延伸率可达1500%左右,接近于普通钛合金的超塑性水平.Ti3Al金属间化合物超塑变形的主要机制是晶界滑动,失效的主要原因是空洞的形成和连接.针对已取得的研究成果和在目前研究中仍然存在的问题,提出了一些有关Ti3Al金属间化合物超塑性研究的看法.     

Low-temperature superplasticity of Al2O3(p)/Ni–Co nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of Al₂O₃/Ni–Co prepared using Al₂O₃ of various particle sizes were fabricated by pulse current electrodeposition. Their superplastic tensile deformation was investigated at strain rates of 8.33 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ and 1.67 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ and temperatures of 723–823 K. The Al₂O₃ particle sizes and the deformation temperature had significant influence on the elongation of the deposited materials. The optimal superplastic condition and the maximum elongation were determined. A low temperature superplasticity with elongation of 632% was achieved at a strain rate of 1.67 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ and 823 K. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the microstructures of the deposited and deformed samples. The grains grew to a micrometer dimensions and were elongated along the tensile direction after superplastic deformation. Superplasticity in electrodeposited nanocomposites is related to the presence of S at grain boundaries and to deformation twinning.     

Preparation and Properties of Al2O3-doping LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials

LiNi_1/3Co_1/3-xMn_1/3O₂ doped with Al₂O₃ (x = 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) was synthesized by co-precipitation of Ni, Co, and Mn acetates. The influence of Al₂O₃ doping on structure and electrochemical performances of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, charge/discharge tester, and electrochemical workstation. It was found that the materials achieved the best electrochemical properties when x was 5%. The first discharge capacity was 156.3 mAh · g^?1(0.1 C, 2.0–4.8 V), which was close to the un-doped sample (156.8 mAh · g^?1). After 20 cycles, the capacity retention ratios at the C-ratios of 0.1C, 0.2C, and 0.5 C were 96.1%, 94.9%, and 89.4%, respectively, while the capacity retention ratios of the un-doped samples were only 92.6% (0.1 C), 91.8% (0.2 C), and 88.7% (0.5C). The alternating current impedance shows that the charge transfer in the electrode interface was the easiest when x was 5%.     

Preparation of double-doped BaCeO3 and its application in the synthesis of ammonia at atmospheric pressure

Perovskite-type oxides BaCe_0.90Sm_0.10O_3–δ (BCS) and BaCe_0.80Gd_0.10Sm_0.10O_3–δ (BCGS) were synthesized by the sol–gel method and characterized by thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using the sintered samples as solid electrolytes and silver–palladium alloy as electrodes, ammonia was synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure in a solid-state proton-conducting cell reactor. The maximum rate of production of ammonia was 5.82 × 10^–9 mols^–1 cm^–2.     

Diffusion bonding of Al2O3-TiC composite ceramic and W18Cr4V high speed steel in vacuum

Al₂O₃-TiC composite ceramic and W18Cr4V high speed steel were joined by diffusion bonding with a Ti-Cu-Ti multi-interlayer in a vacuum of 10⁻⁴-10⁻⁵ Pa. The interfacial microstructures of the Al₂O₃-TiC/W18Cr4V joint were investigated with optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The elemental concentration near the diffusion interface was evaluated by electron probe microanalysis. The results indicate that an obvious transition zone was formed between Al₂O₃-TiC and W18Cr4V during the vacuum diffusion bonding. The elements in the transition zone are mainly Ti and Cu with a small amount of Fe. Element Ti concentrates near the two interfaces of the Al₂O₃-TiC/transition zone/W18Cr4V. The microhardness of the transition zone is lower than that of Al₂O₃-TiC and higher than that of W18Cr4V. The formation process of the transition zone consists of five stages: (i) Formation of Cu-Ti liquid phase; (ii) Full melt of Cu; (iii) Full melt of Ti; (iv) Formation of reaction layer; (v) Formation of Cu-Ti solid solution and increment of reaction layer.     

Improvement in dielectric properties of Al2O3-doped Li0.30Cr0.02Ni0.68O ceramics

Li_0.30Cr_0.02Ni_0.68O giant dielectric ceramics doped with Al₂O₃ were prepared by solid-state reaction via sol-gel process. The sintered samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and dielectric properties were also investigated. All doped samples showed the single phase of cubic rock-salt structure NiO. With increasing Al₂O₃ content, the crystallite size and grain size decreased, possibly due to an occurrence of the secondary phases at grain boundaries which inhibit the grain growth. The sample with 0.2 wt.% Al₂O₃ showed nearly 7 times lower tanδ (2.37) and higher ε_r (7.25 × 10⁶) measured at 1 kHz and room temperature when compared to the pure sample.     

Hydroxyapatite/Al2O3/diopside ceramic composites and their behaviour in simulated body fluid

Abstract

In the present work, alumina and diopside were introduced in hydroxyapatite matrix, and hydroxyapatite/Al₂O₃/diopside ceramic composites with good mechanical properties were fabricated by uniaxial hot pressing. The behaviours of hydroxyapatite/Al₂O₃/diopside ceramic composites in simulated body fluid were studied by SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron probe microanalyser. Scanning electron microscopy images showed an obvious mineral layer formed on the soaked composite surface, which indicated that the introduction of Al₂O₃ and diopside in hydroxyapatite matrix could not only improve the strength and toughness of the composites but also maintain its ability to precipitate an apatite layer.     

High-pressure high-temperature transitions in nanocrystallineγ Al2O3,γ Fe2O3 and TiO2

We report first observation of new polymorphs of Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ in specimens of xerogelγ Al₂O₃ andγ Fe₂O₃ quenched from high pressures and temperatures. At about 5 GPa and 1400°C, xerogel gamma alumina (XGA) transformed into a polymorphic mixture of phasesα Al₂O₃, B Al₂O₃ and C Al₂O₃, while XGA containing 1 wt% Cr₂O₃ transformed into a mixture of phasesαAl₂O₃, H Al₂O₃ and k′ Al₂O₃. The phases B Al₂O₃, C Al₂O₃ and H Al₂O₃ have the monoclinic-, cubic- and hexagonal-rare earth sequioxide (Ln₂O₃) type structure, respectively. At 5·2 GPa and 1450°C, XGA yielded a mixture ofα Al₂O₃ and hexagonalμ Al₂O₃. At STP, the phaseμ Al₂O₃ was found to transform to another hexagonal phaseλAl₂O₃ over a 10 week period. At 5·2 GPa and 900°C,γ Fe₂O₃ showed transition to a new phase H Fe₂O₃ which probably has an 8 layer close packed structure. In nanocrystalline TiO₂, only the anatase to rutile transition was found. The results are discussed using the free energy vs temperature diagram for xerogel and nanocrystalline materials.     

含Ce2O3氧化物对改善双相不锈钢亚稳态点蚀的机理研究

利用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、恒电位脉冲等研究了2205双相不锈钢在中性含Cl-环境下氧化物引起点蚀萌生的机理。实验发现MgO-Al_2O_3系夹杂物中MgO偏聚处以及MgO-Al_2O_3-CaO系夹杂物中CaO富集处会引起夹杂物处基体同周围基体接触电势差增加。此外,CaO富集处易使夹杂物表面出现显微缝隙并使基体裸露,产生亚稳态蚀坑。经Ce处理后发现夹杂物成分变为含Ce_2O_3·11Al_2O_3或Ce_2O_3·Al_2O_3为主的复合夹杂,夹杂物与基体接触电势差减小并且在含Ce_2O_3复合夹杂物处未发现点蚀萌生现象,最后阐述了非金属氧化物引起点蚀的机理以及Ce与氧化物反应的机制。     

Photocatalytic effects for the TiO2-coated phosphor materials

This study investigated the photocatalytic behavior of the coupling of TiO₂ with phosphorescent materials. A TiO₂ thin film was deposited on CaAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Nd³⁺ phosphor particles by using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and its photocatalytic reaction was investigated by the photobleaching of an aqueous solution of methylene-blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. To clarify the mechanism of the TiO₂-phosphorescent materials, two different samples of TiO₂-coated phosphor and TiO₂–Al₂O₃-coated phosphor particles were prepared. The photocatalytic mechanisms of the ALD TiO₂-coated phosphor powders were different from those of the pure TiO₂ and TiO₂–Al₂O₃-coated phosphor. The absorbance in a solution of the ALD TiO₂-coated phosphor decreased much faster than that of pure TiO₂ under visible irradiation. In addition, the ALD TiO₂-coated phosphor showed moderately higher photocatalytic degradation of MB solution than the TiO₂–Al₂O₃-coated phosphor did. The TiO₂-coated phosphorescent materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS).     

Effect of Cr on the high temperature oxidation of L12-type Al3Ti intermetallics

Three kinds of L1₂-type Al₃Ti–Cr alloys, Al₆₇Ti₂₅Cr₈, Al₆₆Ti₂₄Cr₁₀ and Al₅₉Ti₂₆Cr₁₅, were prepared by induction melting followed by thermomechanical treatment. The oxidation behavior was investigated at 1273, 1373 and 1473 K in air. The oxidation resistance of the prepared alloys was excellent, however, there were some differences for each alloy. The isothermal oxidation resistance increased in the order of Al₅₉Ti₂₆Cr₁₅, Al₆₆Ti₂₄Cr₁₀ and Al₆₇Ti₂₅Cr₈, while the order became reversed in terms of the cyclic oxidation resistance. As more Al₂O₃ formed owing to the increased Al content in the alloy, the isothermal oxidation resistance increased, whereas the cyclic oxidation resistance decreased. The oxide scale was primarily composed of Al₂O₃, contaminated with Cr₂O₃ and TiO₂ that were present mainly at the lower part the oxide scale.