低温容器无损贮存规律

编制了计算低温容器无损贮存规律的程序,就６．５ｍ＾３目标低温容器,计算出了初始充满率与无损贮存时间,容器内压力上升速度,日蒸发率与无损贮存及容器的工作压力与无损贮存时间关系,对低温容器的实际使用有指导意义。     

低温容器的活动抽气咀的工艺分析

随着科学技术的进步,低温领域的理论研究与应用技术已经被广泛开拓。由于深冷液体(液氮、液氧、液氦)极易蒸发,因此,要求贮存容器其夹层空间的气体压强要保持在10~(-2)～10~(-3)帕。这决定于两个因素:1.真空动态获得;2.真空静态保持。容器所贮低温液体的蒸发率,使用寿命均决定于真空静态保持,一定压强的保持又决定于排气工艺、容器结构、材     

新系列低温容器

Planer产品公司开发了一套完整的新系列低温容器，有铝质杜瓦瓶和电冰箱，以及贮存N2和He用的不锈钢容器等。新系列低温容器包括从最小的实验室用铝质杜瓦瓶到最大的不锈钢用户站和大容量贮存系统。这新系列产品具有竞争价值，并且有很高的技术要求。     

纤维复合材料在低温容器内支撑结构中的应用

介绍低温容器中应用的纤维复合材料内支撑结构的形式,并对常用纤维复合材料的性能在常温和低温间的变化进行比较,实验数据可作为设计低温容器内支撑结构的依据.纤维复合材料作为低温容器支撑材料具有良好的综合性能,其性能机理和影响因素的有待进一步研究.     

卧式高真空多层绝热低温容器无损贮存规律

介绍了卧式低温容器的传热特点,以及低温液体无损贮存的传热模型.通过2m3卧式高真空多层绝热低温容器在90%、85%和80%初始充满率下的静态无损贮存试验,拟合现有的传热模型,对升压过程中不同规律的3个阶段进行了分析,得到了第一、第三阶段升压的初步规律.     

我国低温液体贮存汽化设备概况(下)

全文叙述了我国低温液体贮存汽化设备的概况。本文为全文的下半部分,介绍了低温液体阀门、低温液体泵、增压器、汽化器和减压装置、低温贮槽的结构、性能、作用原理;对低温容器制造与检验的技术要求总则、材料的处理、焊接质量要求、压力试验、抽真空作了叙述;最后介绍了低温液体贮存汽化设备的流程组织、操作、维护、常见故障处理及安全常识。     

低温液体贮罐的制造技术

图1为一低温贮罐结构图。贮罐主要有内容器、外壳、真空夹层、内外管路及内外支撑等组成内容器用来盛装低温液体,其外表面包扎有多层绝热材料,并通过绝热性能良好的内支撑与外罐连接,外罐与内容器构成密闭的真空夹层绝热空间,外管路及操作系统置于外罐的下部。管路系统具有加排液、自增压、安全保护、液面高度及压     

空间低温流体贮存的压力控制技术进展

分析了空间微重力条件对低温流体贮存的影响,重点介绍了亚临界空间低温流体贮存压力控制技术的主要内容和技术发展情况,并简要展望了空间低温流体贮存技术在未来空间系统中的应用。     

气体钢瓶贮存运输及低温液体贮槽贮存运输分析探讨

以１９９６年镇江氧气厂和镇江某造船厂气体钢瓶贮存运输数据为例，分析了气体钢瓶贮存运输及低温液体贮槽贮存运输的优缺点，对大、中、小气体用户单位采用不同低温容器贮存运输，可使气体使用量和运输成本降低４０％以上。     

高真空-多层绝热液氦容器的试制

1973年2月 由于物质在低温下产生一系列奇异的特性,因此在低温化学、低温物理、核物理的研究、量子放大器、超导磁场、超高真空的获得、空间模拟、宇宙科学等方面广泛地应用低温液体,特别是液氦。随着我国科学技术的发展,低温液体(空气、氧、氮、氩、氖、氢、氦等)的应用日益广泛,因此对贮存和运送这些低温液体的容器的要求越来越迫切。对于不同沸点的低温液体必须使用不同的绝热形式,才能更有效、更经济地贮存它们。 液氦是一种极低温度下的液化气体(在一个大气压下,液氦的沸点为4.2°K)其汽化潜热非常小(在标准大气压下液氦的汽化潜热为0…     

特种低温内压筒体抗中击设计

用有限元方法计算了低温液氧储槽内筒在3.92 MPa、10g冲击条件下的应力分布情况,通过分析获得了一种合理的内筒结构并对冲击加强板进行了优化设计.     

Design of a hybrid glass composite anchor for LNG cargo containment systems

Large cryogenic container for liquefied natural gas (LNG) should be joined to the inner hull of a ship. The minimum heat inflow, due to the large temperature difference between the LNG cargo container and inner hull, can induce considerable heat flux through the joined area.In this work, a hybrid composite anchor composed of two stainless steel caps and a glass fiber composite body was developed and optimized for strength, thermal stress and heat loss of the anchor. The stainless steel caps were adhesively bonded to the top and bottom areas of the glass composite body. The top stainless cap was then welded to the two stainless steel membranes, and the flange of the bottom stainless steel cap was bolt-fastened to the inner hull of a ship.The static adhesive strength and impact characteristics between the stainless steel caps and glass composite body of the hybrid glass composite anchor at the cryogenic temperature were investigated with respect to adhesive thickness. Finally, the optimal design for the hybrid glass composite anchor for the cryogenic containment systems of a LNG ship was suggested.     

低温容器的研制

着重介绍了低温高压液氢容器和全包式预冷夹套低温容器的结构，容器分为三导：外容器是真空容器，夹套容器是预冷介质容器，内容器是低温介质容器。容器可用液氮预冷，大大节省预冷液氢，全包式的预冷夹套液氢容器，使预冷夹套发挥最大作用，其关键是使用了锥筒式支承，锥筒小端支承在内容器颈管上，大端支承在外容器上，在内容器上没有任何支耳和凸台，透用于带预冷夹套低温容器和多层绝热低温容器。     

Investigation on performances of non-loss storage for cryogenic liquefied gas

In this paper, effects of liquid volume fraction, temperature and work pressure in cryogenic vessels on the pressure rise rates in cryogenic vessels are analyzed. Graphs of the relation between storage-pressure and heat flow received by the container per unit of volume for various volume fractions are proposed, and also graphs of the relation between time and pressure of non-loss storage for various volume fractions are presented. The best volume fraction is defined. Also, the graphs of the relation between environmental temperature and the performance of non-loss storage are proposed. In addition, the phenomenon of liquid-temperature layering is analyzed and methods to reduce this layering are suggested. These results have significance in the design, usage and selection of cryogenic vessels.     

爆炸金属复合材料在低温领域的应用

低温技术的发展推动着爆炸金属复合材料制造技术的进步,从爆炸复合技术原理出发,着重对爆炸金属复合材料在LNG气化器、空气分离设备、液氮生物容器及极地船舶等低温领域应用情况进行了描述,并对未来的市场前景进行了展望。      

Temperature distribution and power loss of a gas-cooled support for a cryogenic container

The temperature distribution and power loss of a gas-cooled support for a cryogenic container have been studied. The physical properties of the gas and the support are functions of temperature. Results for both laminar and turbulent flows are presented. Solutions for the case of constant physical properties are also presented for comparison. The power losses due to heat leak and support cooling are calculated in terms of Carnot power.     

低温绝热容器氦质谱检漏方法探讨

漏率是低温绝热容器产品的主要技术参数之一,利用氦质谱检漏技术对漏孔进行定位、定量检测可以起到控制产品质量的目的。文章首先对低温绝热容器用两种氦质谱检漏系统进行了比较和试验分析。结果表明：在测试条件一致的情况下,标准漏孔安装在系统中的不同位置,将对系统最小可检漏率、系统反应时间、漏率测算值产生影响。在对影响结果进行分析的基础上,对实际检漏工作提出相应建议。其次对分流和无分流两种检漏方法的选择原则进行了探讨。然后以53m^3液化天然气储运容器为例,对容器制造过程中的角焊缝、对接焊缝、夹层内存在的漏孔、阀门及容器整体的检漏方法进行了详述。最后对检漏过程中应注意的事项进行了说明。     

Self-Sustained Large-Scale Flow in Turbulent Cryogenic Convection

Turbulent convection is studied in a cell filled with cryogenic helium gas. At high Rayleigh numbers a large-scale circulation persists and has a size comparable to the container. Over a wide range of time scales greater than its characteristic turnover time, this mean flow exhibits occasional and irregular reversals of direction without a change in magnitude. We study this feature in an apparatus of aspect ratio unity, in which the highest attainable Rayleigh number is about 10 ¹⁶.     

低温容器无损贮存中的最佳充满率

分析了充满率对升压速率的影响,给出了不同充满率下贮存压力与容器单位容积受热量的关系图和不同充满率无损贮存压力与时间的关系图,提出了最佳充满率的概念。另外,还分析了不同充满率下液体中温度分层的情况,并提出了减少这种分层的途径,这些结果对液化气体无损贮存容器的设计,使用和选择等均具有指导意义。     

A coupled numerical analysis of shield temperatures, heat losses and residual gas pressures in an evacuated super-insulation using thermal and fluid networks: Part I: Stationary conditions

This paper describes numerical simulations, using thermal networks, of shield temperatures and radiative and conductive heat losses of a super-insulated cryogenic storage tank operating at 77 K. Interactions between radiation and conductive heat transfer modes in the shields are investigated, by calculation of local shield temperatures. As a new method, fluid networks are introduced for calculation of stationary residual gas pressure distribution in the evacuated multilayer super-insulation. Output from the fluid network is coupled to the iterative thermal network calculations. Parameter tests concern thickness and emissivity of shields, degree of perforation, residual gas sources like desorption from radiation shields, spacers and container walls, and permeation from the inner container to the evacuated insulation space. Variations of either a conductive (thickness of Al-film on Mylar) or a radiative parameter (thermal emissivity) exert crosswise influences on the radiative or conductive heat losses of the tank, respectively.