水中目标辐射噪声特性仿真

文章中讨论了水中目标一船体辐射噪声的特性。运用冲激响应不变法来设计IIR数字一阶低通滤波器，并用此滤波器对高斯白噪声进行滤波，滤波器的输出能很好地模拟船体辐射宽带连续噪声，此输出信号的功率谱在高频端以6dB／oct的斜率下降。运用直接数字信号合成技术产生多个低频线谱信号，并将它与宽带连续噪声相加，从而来模拟船体辐射的低频线谱。     

一种基于Notch滤波器的恒定束宽波束形成技术

对于存在不同线谱成分的宽带信号而言,提取这些线谱成分进行恒定束宽波束形成,可以达到增强信号的目的。自适应陷波器(Notch滤波器)具有频率跟踪和相位估计的特性,基于此提出了一种自适应恒定束宽波束形成技术。对于基阵接收到的信号,以其各阵元之间的相位差为媒介,在Notch滤波器离线重构相移波束形成中提取"低频慢变化"的相位信息,对其进行补偿,使输出的重构信号具有"高频快变化"的相位信息,以此将不同频段的信号进行恒定束宽波束形成。以舰船辐射噪声为例,通过仿真和实验研究证实了该方法的有效性。     

强干扰背景下的鱼雷辐射噪声信号检测方法

常规被动声纳利用宽带波束能量进行目标检测,在低信噪比、强目标干扰情况下,宽带能量检测的性能迅速降低。利用鱼雷辐射噪声信号中含有丰富线谱成分的特点,提出了一种针对鱼雷辐射噪声信号的窄带和宽带联合检测方法。通过对预成波束方向信号的窄带处理和线谱提取,利用特定频段的线谱能量对宽带波束输出进行加权,提高了线谱目标的检测能力。该方法能够有效地抑制非线谱强干扰目标,提高低信噪比信号的检测能力。仿真和海试数据处理结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

干扰抑制门在线谱提取中的应用

由于舰船辐射噪声和海洋环境噪声的复杂性,直接从舰船辐射噪声解调信号中提取线谱比较困难。为了降低线谱提取过程中宽带噪声干扰的影响,设计了一个干扰抑制门。对单频输入信号和谐波输入信号的仿真,验证了抑制算法的有效性,同时对干扰抑制门的信噪比增益进行了统计分析。对实测舰船辐射噪声数据处理,结果表明干扰抑制门的应用能有效降低信号中的宽带干扰,为线谱提取提供便利。从线谱中提取的螺旋桨轴频可作为舰船目标分类和识别的特征量。干扰抑制门算法亦可用于线谱检测。     

舰船辐射噪声模拟技术研究

本文对舰船辐射噪声的模拟技术进行了研究,给出了线谱,连续谱噪声,噪声调制的模拟方法,进行了计算机模拟,研制了可编程模拟器。通过对模拟器输出信号的处理和分析,结果表明该模拟器能很好地再现舰船辐射噪声的典型声学特征。     

舰船宽带连续谱噪声的模拟

首先对舰船辐射噪声信号的时域特性和频域特性进行了分析讨论,根据噪声的连续谱特性,提出了一种用FIR滤波器实现宽带噪声信号模拟的方法。由于舰船宽带信号的连续谱在高频段具有-6dB/oct的衰减特性,因此该FIR滤波器的幅频响应也要与此一致,且为线性相位,即该滤波器的频率响应要具有特定的形状。采用了自适应方法很方便地实现了该特定频率响应FIR滤波器的设计,再将高斯白噪声信号通过该滤波器即实现宽带噪声信号的模拟。仿真结果表明,该方法较真实地模拟出任意给定频域特征的宽带连续谱噪声信号。     

水下航行体辐射噪声的线谱分析及建模

分析水下航行体辐射噪声,特别是线谱噪声的形成机理,分别给出动力装置和螺旋桨旋转产生的线谱的频率预报公式。在此基础上,以周期信号为模型建立了水下航行体辐射噪声的数学模型,并应用该模型对水下航行体线谱频率进行了预测。     

一种估计船舶辐射噪声线谱的联合分析法

线谱的提取为舰船的检测识别和方位跟踪提供了依据,研究线谱的提取具有实际的应用意义.采用Welch算法和Chirp-Z变换联合处理舰船的辐射噪声信号能够有效地提取线谱.根据对仿真信号和某实船的辐射噪声信号分析的结果表明,该方法原理简单,能够精确地提取特征线谱,其中频率分辨力可达0.36 Hz;根据所提取的船只的特征线谱,设定滤波区间对船辐射的噪声信号进行滤波,可以更准确地跟踪船的航迹.     

基于广义高斯噪声模型的低频线谱检测

研究浅海环境噪声中低频线谱的检测问题.首先对实测海洋环境噪声的统计特性进行分析,提出了应用广义高斯分布对海洋环境噪声建模方法.在此基础上,针对低频线谱检测问题,推导了广义高斯噪声场中的最大似然检测器和渐近检测器,给出了弱线谱条件下线谱频率的最大似然估计.最后,利用实测数据对三种检测器的线谱检测性能进行了验证,结果表明:...     

一种海洋宽带噪声场数值模拟方法

本文研究了在水声基阵设计中用数值模拟产生海洋宽带环境噪声场的方法。通过设计宽带特殊频率响应滤波器和精确时延滤波器来构造海洋宽带空间均匀噪声场中的阵列信号（噪声），并给出了圆环形阵的计算机模拟。计算机模拟结果验证了该方法的实用性和有效性。该方法能够较真实地模拟出海洋宽带环境噪声中任意基阵接收的阵列数据。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.