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1.
为探讨煤矿工人的异常心理、工作倦怠与事故倾向之间的关系,采用SCL-90量表、工作倦怠量表和事故倾向(受伤次数)问卷,对1 500名煤矿工人进行心理测评和调查。结果说明,煤矿工人的异常心理与事故倾向、工作倦怠与事故倾向、异常心理与工作倦怠均呈正相关,且影响煤矿工人异常心理的重要因素是工作倦怠、受伤次数和工龄。因此,煤矿安全生产管理中应重视工人的心理健康和工作倦怠问题。  相似文献   

2.
目的检验中文版危险知觉技能自我评估量表在我国驾驶员群体中的信度、效度和适用性。方法使用中文版危险知觉技能自我评估量表和人格特质量表对260名驾驶员进行测量。结果修订后的危险知觉技能量表由6个题目组成,累计方差解释率为59.408%。修订后量表总的内部一致性信度为0.861。量表总分及各个题目得分与驾驶员交通事故和交通违规次数总数目相关显著,表明量表的效度较好。结论修订后的危险知觉技能自我评估量表具有良好的信度与效度,可以作为测量我国驾驶员危险知觉技能能力的一个有效工具。  相似文献   

3.
目的 编制乘客舒适度自评量表(SRPC),并检验其信度和效度;探究乘客舒适度与乘客个人特征和航班特征之间的关系.方法 结合文献分析编制初始问卷,选取120名民机客舱乘客进行调查,对初始问卷进行信度、效度和相关性分析,制定自评量表;采用多元线性回归法分析乘客总体舒适度与客舱设计特征量的关系.量表包括33个条目、九个因子,解释总变异71.4%;客舱物理环境分量表和客舱社会环境分量表的内部一致性Cranbach'sα 系数和分半信度均>0.60.结论 乘客舒适度自评量表的信度和效度达到了心理测量学的要求;量表结果表明乘客舒适度与年龄、身高和乘机时间大致呈负相关关系,大型宽体客机和商务舱有助于提高乘客的舒适度水平.  相似文献   

4.
对53 名公安刑侦人员和52 名夜大学生进行神经行为功能测试。结果:观察组困惑迷茫及数字译码得分显著低于对照组( P0 .05) ;工龄分组中,8 年工龄组的简单反应时、有力好动测试高于≤4 年工龄组,数字跨度得分则低于≤4 年工龄组( P0 .05) 。提示,刑侦人员情感状态比较稳定,但视觉感知、记忆及手部反应能力降低,随着工龄的增加,即时听记忆及注意力集中程度也降低,视觉反应时值延长  相似文献   

5.
通过自制及改编量表对大学生就业压力与家庭关怀状况进行的调查,结果显示量表的信度、效度良好,大学生总体上没有感受太大压力;其中13.1%的大学生存在家庭功能严重障碍。研究还探讨了就业压力与家庭关怀等因素的相互影响关系,并针对调查结果提出了相应的建议。  相似文献   

6.
在现代教育中,考试为选拔和衡量人才的实际水平提供了重要的依据,考试自身的质量高低,对考试的效果有着重要的影响。试卷分析作为教学评估的一种手段,对提高考试质量有极大的意义。为使得试卷分析得到的数据信息更加科学,更能综合反映教学过程中教与学存在的问题,依掘教育测量学和教育统计学的基本理论,对试卷分析中的难度、信度、效度和区分度等参数进行了量化,从而能够更加全面地反映试卷的质量,试卷的难度、信度、效度和区分度也是试卷分析的基本评测指标。  相似文献   

7.
汪海彬  姚本先 《人类工效学》2012,18(4):38-41,37
目的编制城市居民安全感问卷,为了解城市居民的安全感提供量化工具。方法根据理论构想并结合访谈和开放式问卷,编制城市居民安全感问卷,对824名城市居民进行测试和信度效度检验。结果城市居民安全感由社会稳定、家庭安全、公共安全、社区安全、职业安全和身体安全6个因子构成,具有良好的内部一致性信度、内容效度和效标效度。结论城市居民安全感问卷具有良好的信效度,可以作为测查城市居民安全感的有效工具。  相似文献   

8.
孙娜 《中国科技博览》2014,(33):348-349
本文以思想道德修养与法律基础课程为例,将六西格玛质量管理方法引入到试卷管理中,提高试卷质量分析的效度信度,以提高教学质量,为高校试器质量管理提供一种新的尝试。  相似文献   

9.
目的通过分析不同水平工程车驾驶员在四个分测验上的表现,验证海军工程车驾驶员特殊能力测评测验的标准化。方法本研究以驾驶员班长和部门长的评价及年终考核成绩为指标,考察了驾驶员特殊能力测评四个分测验的信效度、难度及区分度。结果 (1)各分测验的同质性信度均达到了0.75以上,重测信度均在0.593以上;(2)各分测验具有良好地内容效度、结构效度和校标关联效度;(3)全部项目的平均难度为0.53;(4)各项目等级差异达到显著性水平。结论 (1)海军工程车驾驶员特殊能力测评主要包括:注意能力测试、判断能力测试、协调能力测试和应变能力测试;(2)各分测验的信度和效度较理想,测评的难度适中,区分度良好,可以用于海军工程车驾驶员的选拔。  相似文献   

10.
制造业信息化评价指标体系和方法研究   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
在分析中国制造业信息化水平评价现状的基础上,提出了制造业信息化评价指标体系。运用信度分析和效度分析确定正式评价指标体系和调查问卷。给出了制造业信息化指数的计算方法。最后对信息化指数进行了分析研究。  相似文献   

11.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may deteriorate quality of life. The relationship between HCV infection and quality of life in hemodialysis (HD) patients is unknown. The demographic characteristics, comorbidities, biochemical parameters, and Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) were recorded. Child-Pugh classification, Beck Depression Inventory, and SF-36 were performed. Liver histopathology was examined. Thirty-two patients (21 Child-Pugh-A, 11 Child-Pugh-B) were included. There was high-grade portal necroinflammatory activity in 14, high-grade lobular necroinflammatory activity in 26, and hepatic fibrosis in 19 patients. Three patients had cirrhosis. Patients with a high stage of liver fibrosis had lower social functioning scores than patient with a low stage of fibrosis (P= 0.011). The only correlation was between aspartate aminotransferase and the physical function subscale (r=−0.395, P= 0.025). None of the SF-36 scores differed between Child-Pugh A and B patients. Instead, most of the SF-36 subscale and summary scores were related with hemoglobin, albumin, MIS and Beck Depression Score. Quality of life in HCV-infected HD patients was independent of liver disease severity anchors, but was correlated with anemia, malnutrition, and depression.  相似文献   

12.
Background:  Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome of medical treatment effectiveness.
Objectives:  Thirty-six item short-Form (SF-36) first has been used in hemodialysis (HD) patients in Taiwan.
Method:  HRQOL was measured by using SF-36 in 497 HD patients in 5 hospitals.
Results:  Male sex, age less than 50 years, higher education level (EL), marriage, employed status (EPS), less comorbid medical condition (CMC), and non-diabetic patients were all predicted a better physical component scale (PCS). Age less than 50 years, BMI greater than 18.5, HEL, EPS, and NDP were all predicted a higher mental component scale (MCS). Scales contributing to a summary measure of physical health, the PCS score, was significantly lower in women (35 ± 12.3) than in men (37.9 ± 12.3). There is no difference in MCS score between women and men. In multivariate analysis, age, CMC, diabetes, serum creatinine (SCr), and erythropoietin responsiveness were significant independent predictors of PCS. Diabetes, EL, SCr, and erythropoietic responsiveness were significant independent predictors of MCS. All of the individual scales, PCS and MCS scores were lower in the Taiwan HD patients than values for the US general population. Each of the individual scales and MCS scores were substantially lower in Taiwan HD group than in the US HD cohort. But the bodily pain of PCS was significantly higher in Taiwan HD group in spite of mean PCS scores for Taiwan HD group and US HD study participants were nearly equal at 36.3 and 36.1, respectively.
Conclusion:  Physical and mental aspects of quality of life are substantially reduced among Taiwan HD patients, but higher bodily pain tolerance. A number of demographic and clinical characteristics significantly impact on HRQOL in Taiwan HD patients. To our knowledge, this is the first time we demonstrate the HRQOL by using SF-36 in Chinese HD patients.  相似文献   

13.
Coal mining is the most dangerous occupation in the United States, with injury frequency and severity rates several times the average for all industries. Although mine safety improved slightly during the early 1970's, recent trends indicate small decreases in accidents and injuries and, in some cases, increases in accident severity. Experienced miners have lower risks of fatal injuries than inexperienced miners. Workers in small mines are more likely to receive fatal injuries than those in large mines. The various engineering methods of extracting coal from its natural deposit do not produce different fatality rates. The thickness of the coal seam mined is not related to the incidence of fatalities. Although conflicting evidence appears in the literature, recent studies find younger miners with much higher disabling injury rates than older miners. Whether a collective bargaining agreement is in effect is unrelated to accident and injury occurrence at a mine site. Studies of the relationships of accident and injuries to the effectiveness of safety training, the number of shifts each day at a mine site, and the time elapsed during a shift until an accident occurs have produced ambiguous results, often as a result of analysis of inadequate data.  相似文献   

14.
The scrutiny of underground coal mine safety was heightened because of the disasters that occurred in 2006–2007, and more recently in 2010. In the aftermath of the 2006 incidents, the U.S. Congress passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006 (MINER Act), which strengthened the existing regulations and mandated new laws to address various issues related to emergency preparedness and response, escape from an emergency situation, and protection of miners. The National Mining Association-sponsored Mine Safety Technology and Training Commission study highlighted the role of risk management in identifying and controlling major hazards, which are elements that could come together and cause a mine disaster. In 2007 MSHA revised its approach to the “Pattern of Violations” (POV) process in order to target unsafe mines and then force them to remediate conditions in their mines. The POV approach has certain limitations that make it difficult for it to be enforced. One very understandable way to focus on removing threats from major-hazard conditions is to use citation-related reliability analysis. The citation reliability approach, which focuses on the probability of not getting a citation on a given inspector day, is considered an analogue to the maintenance reliability approach, which many mine operators understand and use. In this study, the citation reliability approach was applied to a stratified random sample of 31 underground coal mines to examine its potential for broader application. The results clearly show the best-performing and worst-performing mines for compliance with mine safety standards, and they highlight differences among different mine sizes.  相似文献   

15.
We aimed at comparing the elderly adults and normal subjects with regard to their disability, psychological status, and quality of life (QOL). One hundred and twenty-five dialysis patients and 61 controls were recruited in the study. Depression and anxiety symptoms of the patients were evaluated with the Psychological Symptom Screening List (SCL 90-R). For evaluating the disability, the Rivermead mobility index (RMI) was utilized. For evaluating the QOL, we used the short form-36 (SF-36) scale. The Rivermead mobility index of the patients (9.6 +/- 3.4) was found. When compared with controls, dialysis patients had higher levels of disability (p = 0.0001). Depression and anxiety symptom scores of these patients were also significantly higher than that of the controls (p < 0.05). There was a correlation between the disability and depression symptom scores (r: 0.171, p = 0.037). Both physical and mental capacity scores of the dialysis patients were lower than those of the controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05) QOL scores for elderly hemodialysis patients were found to be lower. Their disability was higher, making them dependable on others during their daily lives. Specific exercise programs should be developed for these patients. Even the smallest effort in this regard will result in improvements in physical functioning while bringing them significant benefits.  相似文献   

16.
研究发现:影响煤矿工人冒险行为的外显因素主要有三大类,即个体特点表现、组织管理状况及生产环境条件等;不同背景煤矿工人对其冒险行为外显影响因素的评价基本上是一致的。但是,文化水平高的工人对事故隐患更敏感、更警惕;长期的井下作业会使工人表现出较多的消极性性格特点;年长的工人普遍认为工作条件差;全民合同工与固定工及临时工相比,更不满意于现有的工作;事故组工人与非事故组工人相比,更加感到工作状况不理想、单调、乏味,并且在工作中易冲动、理解力不好等;婚姻状况不同对各因素的认知基本上没有影响;领导和工人对组织绩效的期望及事故隐患的认知不一致  相似文献   

17.
王金凤  王鑫 《工业工程》2010,13(3):13-16
导致煤矿安全事故发生的原因有很多,其中政府对煤矿企业的安全生产监管不到位是甚为关键的一个因素。运用博弈论理论与方法,分析了政府与煤矿企业之间的利益关系及博弈行为,着重从政府角度研究煤矿安全监管问题,找出煤矿安全事故多发的制度症结,并为煤矿安全管理制度的完善提出建议。  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Russian hemodialysis (HD) patients with the general population and international data, and to determine factors influencing HRQOL. One thousand forty-seven HD patients from 6 dialysis centers were studied (576 male, age 43.5 +/- 12.5 years, HD duration 55.0 +/- 47.2 months). Health-related quality of life was evaluated by SF-36. Self-appraisal Depression Scale (W. Zung), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Level of Neurotic Asthenia Scale were used. Hemodialysis patients scored significantly lower than the general Russian population in the majority of SF-36 scales. The only exception was the Mental Health score, which was even better than the general population. The Mean physical component score (PCS) of HD patients was 36.9 +/- 9.7, and the mental component score was (MCS) 44.2 +/- 10.5. In multiple linear regression analysis, increasing age, HD duration, depression level and number of days of hospitalization in the past 6 months were significant independent predictors of low PCS along with a low level of serum albumin. Advancing age was also a predictive factor for low MCS along with increase of HD duration, depression level, trait anxiety, and level of asthenia. As far as we know, this is the first study to report on HRQOL of a large sample of Russian HD patients performed using SF-36. Compared with the general population, Russian HD patients had significantly lower scores on the majority of SF-36 scales, especially in the physical domain. The mean PCS and MCS were comparable with European data for HD patients. A number of demographic, clinical, and psychological variables affect HRQOL.  相似文献   

19.
Quality of life (QOL) is an important outcome among end‐stage renal disease patients and can be associated with modifiable behaviors. We analyzed the correlation between coping style and QOL among hemodialysis patients. We studied 166 end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. They were older than 18 years, under hemodialysis for at least 3 months, and had never received a transplant. Quality of life was assessed by SF‐36 and coping style was scored by the Jalowiec Coping Scale. Emotion‐oriented coping and problem‐oriented coping scores were compared according to sex, comorbidity, and socioeconomic status by the Mann‐Whitney test. Correlations between QOL and 2 coping styles (emotion‐oriented coping and problem‐oriented coping) were adjusted for age, time on dialysis, hemoglobin, creatinine, albumin, calcium–phosphorus product, and Kt/V by backward stepwise linear regression. There was no difference between coping scores according to sex, comorbidity, and socioeconomic status. Emotion‐oriented coping was independently and negatively associated with 4 QOL dimensions: physical functioning, role‐physical, role‐emotional, and mental health. Our results indicate that patients with high emotion‐oriented coping scores should be seen at risk for poor QOL. Patient education in coping skills may be used to change the risk of poor QOL.  相似文献   

20.
The on-road driving assessment is widely regarded as the criterion measure for driving performance despite a paucity of evidence concerning its psychometric properties. The purpose of this study was 2-fold. First, we examined the psychometric properties of an on-road driving assessment with 100 senior drivers between 60 and 86 years (80 healthy volunteers and 20 with specific vision deficits) using Rasch modeling. Second, we compared the outcome of the gestalt decision made by trained professionals with that based on weighted error scores from the standardized assessment. Rasch analysis provided good evidence for construct validity and inter-rater reliability of the on-road assessment and some evidence for internal reliability. Goodness of fit statistics for all items were within an acceptable range and the item hierarchy was logical. The test had a moderate reliability index (0.67). The best cut off score yielded sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 95% compared with the gestalt decision. Further research is required with less competent drivers to more fully examine reliability. Healthy senior drivers failed to check blind spots when changing lanes and made errors when asked to report road markings and traffic signs as they drove. In addition unsafe drivers had difficulty negotiating intersections and lane changes.  相似文献   

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