纤度和预氧化处理对酚醛纤维性能的影响

将热塑性酚醛树脂通过熔融纺丝的方法制备了不同纤度的酚醛纤维原丝,并经后固化处理得到了交联的酚醛纤维,考察了酚醛纤维纤度与纤维拉伸强度和溶失率之间的关系,以及预氧化处理对酚醛纤维残碳率和耐热性的影响。研究结果表明,在一定范围内,经同样固化工艺处理的酚醛纤维的拉伸强度随纤度的减小而明显增大,而溶失率随纤度的减小而减小;经过预氧化处理过的酚醛纤维结构上引入更多交联点,当纤维在220℃处理30 min后,其强度和残碳率均达到最大值,并且纤维的耐热性能得到显著提高。     

高邻位硼酚醛纤维的合成及表征

以苯酚、甲醛及硼酸为原料,醋酸锌、硫酸双催化聚合得到高邻位硼酚醛树脂,经熔融纺丝制得初生纤维,然后在甲醛、盐酸水溶液中缓慢升温溶液固化,在N2气氛中240℃热固化,获得高邻位硼酚醛纤维。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了硼酚醛纤维固化过程中的结构变化,热重分析表明硼酸的加入增加了酚醛纤维的残炭率,扫描电镜图显示热固化后,纤维结构均一化,韧性增加。通过与硼酸共聚及纤维热固化提高了纤维的热性能,解决了高邻位酚醛纤维固化不均匀,力学性能差的问题。     

中空酚醛纤维的熔纺研究及性能表征

以提纯后的热塑性酚醛树脂为原料,用圆弧狭缝式喷丝板进行熔融纺丝,经过固化液固化和热处理一系列工艺,制备出了中空酚醛纤维.结果表明:树脂提纯后可纺性能大大提高,只有在适当的熔纺条件下圆弧狭缝式喷丝板才能纺出中空结构的酚醛纤维,改变的熔纺参数,还可以纺出C形和实心圆形另外两种截面的酚醛纤维.SEM,IR,TG-DSC和强度测试等分析结果表明,所制备的中空酚醛纤维和普通实心酚醛纤维一样,具有较高的固化交联度、分解温度和残炭率,同时具有更好的力学性能.     

中空酚醛微球的合成与表征

提出了一种在石蜡油浴中搅拌状态下制备中空酚醛微球的新方法,研究了甲醛苯酚单体配比、制备温度对固化速率与发泡速率的影响。结果表明以单体配比n(甲醛)∶n(苯酚)=1.6合成的甲阶酚醛树脂,160℃时能达到固化速率与发泡速率的匹配。SEM照片及物性测试结果反映出微球体具有较好的中空结构及粒径分布,通过测定树脂凝胶时间求得基体树脂的固化反应活化能。     

酚醛树脂的高温裂解色谱质谱分析

按一定的升温制度将酚醛树脂初始样进行最高温度为200℃的固化处理,随后将样品分别在450、550、650、750℃进行裂解色谱、质谱解析.结果表明,裂解过程中,酚醛树脂结构中活性较高的亚甲基部分发生自身断链反应的同时,也有部分亚甲基与酚羟基进行交联反应.断链反应破坏了酚醛树脂骨架结构的稳定性,而交联反应则在一定程度上可以提高树脂结构的热稳定性.300～550℃内,两种反应竞争的结果决定酚醛树脂材料/制品的力学性能呈下降趋势.650～750℃时,酚羟基之间进行缩合反应,并进一步发生结构重排,促使酚醛树脂结构不断稠环化,逐渐转化生成无定形炭结构.     

高级胶印油墨树脂的合成与改性研究Ⅰ．甲阶酚醛缩合物的合成与表征

研究了叔丁酚和甲醛在碱催化下合成羟甲基缩合物的反应机理，得出醛酚摩尔比为２．５，ＮａＯＨ浓度为６％，滴加甲醛于６５℃反应４ｈ的合成工艺。此时，制备酚醛浆表观粘度为１２００ＭＰａｓ／２５℃，数均分子量Ｍｎ＝３６５，其主要结构为两个羟甲基酚之间连１个亚甲基桥的缩合物。该缩合物经松香改性后具有较高的溶液粘度和矿油容纳度，是一种性能优异的高级胶印油墨树脂连接料。     

中空度对中空酚醛纤维性能的影响

利用酚醛树脂纤维在固化中的皮芯效应,控制表皮固化层的交联厚度,用溶剂溶出未交联的芯部,制备出一系列不同中空度的中空酚醛纤维。分别采用SEM、电子纤维强力仪、TG-DSC、自制隔热效果测试仪对不同中空度中空酚醛纤维的截面形貌、力学性能、高温性能和隔热性能进行了考察。结果表明:随着中空酚醛纤维中空度的增加,中空纤维的壁厚变薄,纤维的表观力学性能、热分解温度和残炭率都逐渐降低,实际抗拉强度变化不大,隔热性能大幅提高。     

酚醛型氰酸酯树脂的固化反应

采用原位红外光谱法跟踪研究了酚醛型氰酸酯树脂的固化反应过程,获得了树脂固化反应过程中各基团的转化率与时间的关系,并对各固化阶段中基团的转化进行了分析,以指导酚醛型氰酸酯树脂的固化工艺制度的优化,最后确定其固化制度为120℃2h+150℃2h+180℃3h+200℃2h+250℃2h+300℃2h,实验证明该固化制度下树脂固化物力学性能与传统的酚醛树脂相当,且耐热性能更优异。     

高邻位热固性酚醛基纳米活性炭纤维膜的制备及吸附性能

以合成的高邻位热塑性酚醛为模板,通过与甲醛的加成反应制备了高邻位热固性酚醛树脂,经溶液静电纺丝、盐酸溶液固化获得了纳米酚醛纤维,最终利用KOH活化获得了高邻位热固性酚醛基纳米活性炭纤维。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析和扫描电镜分析了制备物的结构、性能变化,并观察了纳米纤维的表面形貌;通过比表面积和亚甲基蓝(MB)/碘吸附分析了纳米活性炭纤维的孔结构和吸附性能,获得了比表面2606 m~2/g、MB吸附量1643.0 mg/g、碘吸附量2731.1 mg/g的高邻位热固性酚醛基纳米活性炭纤维,实现了低污染、高活性纳米炭纤维的制备。     

载药壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及其释放研究

实验采用乳化交联法,使用复合交联剂(先用甲醛交联,再用戊二醛交联),制得盐酸四环素壳聚糖缓释微球,并考察不同分子量的壳聚糖、原料质量比、交联剂用量、复合交联剂用量、搅拌速度对微球的影响,筛选出最佳条件制备出戢药微球,并研究了该微球在扫描电镜和倒置式研究型显微镜下的形态及其在pH=7.4,温度为37℃时的释放规律.结果表明,采用复合交联剂的乳化交联法所制得的微球球形好,粒径分布为5～50μm之间,载药量为26.9%,包封率为56.3%,并且具有良好的缓释效果.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the