磁性纳米材料的分类、制备与应用

磁性纳米材料的特性不同于常规的磁性材料,其原因在于与磁性相关联的特征物理长度恰好出于纳米量级,以及电子平均自由路程等大致处于1～100nm量级,或磁性体的尺寸与这些特征物理长度相当时,就会呈现反常的磁学与电学性质。研究人员利用磁性纳米材料的这些特性,研发出一系列新材料与众多应用。本文主要介绍磁性纳米材料的特性、分类与制备方法,并对其在多个领域中的应用进行了阐述。     

等离子体以及溶液反应法合成金属磁性纳米颗粒

当磁性材料尺寸进入纳米级时,颗粒尺寸与磁性材料的特征物理长度相当,如磁单畴尺寸、超顺磁性临界尺寸、交换作用长度以及电子平均自由路程等,磁性纳米材料就会呈现出与块状材料不同的磁学性质。氧化物磁性纳米颗粒的合成比较容易,这方面的研究比较成熟。金属磁性纳米颗粒的合成则要困难很多,所以金属磁性纳米颗粒的合成以及磁学性质一直是一个研究热点。对等离子体法和溶液反应法合成磁性金属纳米颗粒的研究,并对工作进行了简洁介绍。     

1998～1999年国际磁性功能材料新进展

本文为从1981年开始的关于国际磁性功能材料新进展的每年综述的继续,这里介绍了1998－1999年间若干磁性功能材料的新进展,包括（1）Fe-Ni系氮化物磁性材料;（2）巨磁电阻抗材料;（3）YIG系微波铁氧体;（4）稀土巨磁致伸缩材料;（5）纳米磁性材料。     

1993—1994年磁性功能材料进展

综述了１９９３￣１９９４年间几种磁性功能材料的新进展。这些材料包括自旋阀磁性材料，宽频微波吸收铁氧体材料，高矫顽力纳米晶磁性材料，巨磁电阻抗材料，巨Ｋｅｒｒ磁光效应材料和Ｒ２ＣｕＯ４型超导和磁有序材料。     

1994—1995年磁性功能材料进展

综述了１９９４￣１９９５年间几种磁性功能材料的新进展。这些材料包括Ｒ２Ｆｅ１７Ｎｘ稀土磁性材料，室温磁致冷材料，多层膜磁记录材料，微波应用磁膜材料，有机铁磁材料和准晶磁性材料。     

磁热法治疗肿瘤用纳米磁性材料的研究进展

介绍了磁热法治疗肿瘤的原理和治疗肿瘤用纳米磁性材料的种类及特点,并详述了磁热法治疗肿瘤的国内外研究进展,以及磁性纳米粒子的制备、表面修饰和应用,最后提出了磁热法治疗肿瘤还有待解决的问题,并对其前景进行了展望.     

2002～2003年磁性功能材料新进展

这每年撰写的磁性功能材料新进展综述开始于1994年。这次介绍的新进展有：(1)高磁导率铁氧体材料;(2)新的稀土-过渡金属磁性材料;(3)钙钛石型锰氧体的特殊磁性;(4)亚微米磁点和纳米磁线中的自旋波模;(5)Nd-Fe-B系永磁材料的新制备工艺。     

铁系纳米粉末

将纳米尺寸的铁磁性微粉（纳米颗粒）分散于绝缘性非磁性膜内或膜表面的薄膜，作为下一代传感器和存储器材料正受到普遍关注。为获得磁特性（软磁性，硬磁性）优异的这种薄膜，就必须对于构成薄膜的磁性纳米颗粒的粒径和粒间距离以及颗粒结晶方位等加以严格控制。本文研究者选择非晶态Al2O3，作为绝缘相，获得了磁特性优良的Fe系纳米粉。     

块体纳米磁性材料研究进展

介绍了块体纳米磁性材料的形成机理以及制备方法与工艺,分别对软磁和永磁两体系中纳米磁性材料与传统磁性材料的磁性能进行了对比,并介绍了最新的几种纳米磁性材料体系。     

化学沉积法制备的Ni(P)、Ni(B)纳米薄膜的结构与磁性

用化学沉积法制备了系列Ni(P),Ni(B)合金薄膜样品，用X射线衍射结构分析方法证明样品由尺寸为纳米量级的颗粒组成，样品在磁性上表现出超顺磁性，对热磁处理前后的磁学参数进行了比较研究。     

Nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials

Research and development in nanostructured materials is one of the most intensely studied areas in science. As a result of concerted R & D efforts, nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials have achieved commercial success. Specific examples of novel industrially important nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials are provided. Advantages of nanocrystalline magnetic materials in the context of both materials and devices are discussed. Several high technology examples of the use of nanostructured magnetic materials are presented. Methods of processing nanostructured materials are described and the examples of sol gel, rapid solidification and powder injection moulding as potential processing methods for making nanostructured materials are outlined. Some opportunities and challenges are discussed.     

纳米材料的合成与制备

本文综述了近年来在纳米材料合成与制备领域的一些最新研究进展，包括纳米粉体、块体及薄膜材料的物理与化学方法制备。     

Nanocrystalline materials for high temperature soft magnetic applications: A current prospectus

Conventional physical metallurgy approaches to improve soft ferromagnetic properties involve tailoring chemistry and optimizing microstructure. Alloy design involves consideration of induction and Curie temperatures. Significant in the tailoring of microstructure is the recognition that the coercivity, (H _c) is roughly inversely proportional to the grain size (D _g) for grain sizes exceeding ∼0·1−1 μm (where the grain size exceeds the Bloch wall thickness,δ). In such cases grain boundaries act as impediments to domain wall motion, and thus fine-grained materials are usually harder than large-grained materials. Significant recent development in the understanding of magnetic coercivity mechanisms have led to the realization that for very small grain sizesD _g<∼100 nm,H _c decreases sharply with decreasing grain size. This can be rationalized by the extension of random anisotropy models that were first suggested to explain the magnetic softness of transition-metal-based amorphous alloys. This important concept suggests that nanocrystalline and amorphous alloys have significant potential as soft magnetic materials. In this paper we have discussed routes to produce interesting nanocrystalline magnets. These include plasma (arc) production followed by compaction and primary crystallization of metallic glasses. A new class of nanocrystalline magnetic materials, HITPERM, having high permeabilities at high temperatures have also been discussed.     

Signatures of clustering in superparamagnetic colloidal nanocomposites of an inorganic and hybrid nature

The individual and co-operative properties of inorganic and hybrid superparamagnetic colloidal nanocomposites that satisfy all the requirements of magnetic carriers in the biosciences and/or catalysis fields are been studied. Essential to the success of this study is the selection of suitable synthetic routes (aerosol and nanocasting) that allow the preparation of materials with different matrix characteristics (carbon, silica, and polymers with controlled porosity). These materials present magnetic properties that depend on the average particle size and the degree of polydispersity. Finally, the analysis of the co-operative behavior of samples allows for the detection of signatures of clustering, which are closely related to the textural characteristics of samples and the methodology used to produce the magnetic carriers.     

磁性多孔碳材料的研究进展

磁性多孔碳材料同时具有磁性和多孔性质,其拥有丰富的孔道结构、高的比表面积、高孔容、良好的活性位点和磁性可分离等优异的性能,可以很好的解决多孔碳材料在应用过程中难分离回收等问题,因此,磁性多孔碳材料已经在吸附领域得到广泛的应用。按照孔径大小、磁性强弱以及组合方式的不同将磁性多孔碳材料进行了分类,并综述了近年来磁性多孔碳材料的制备方法以及吸附应用,最后,对磁性多孔碳材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

Integrative Approaches to Hybrid Multifunctional Materials: From Multidisciplinary Research to Applied Technologies

Achieving nanostructured or hierarchical hybrid architectures involves cross‐cutting synthetic strategies where all facettes of chemistry (organic, polymers, solid‐state, physical, materials chemistries, biochemistry, etc…?), soft matter and ingenious processing are synergistically coupled. These cross‐cutting approaches are in the vein of bio‐inspired synthesis strategies where the integration of different areas of expertise allows the development of complex systems of various shapes with perfect mastery at different size scales, composition, porosity, functionality, and morphology. These strategies coined “Integrative Chemistry” open a land of opportunities to create advanced hybrid materials with organic‐inorganic or bio‐inorganic character. These hybrid materials represent not only a new field of basic research where creative chemists can express themselves, but also, via their remarkable new properties and multifunctional nature, hybrids are allowing the emergence of innovative industrial applications in extremely diverse fields.     

磁制冷材料中一级磁相变的研究进展

磁制冷技术作为21世纪的新一代制冷技术已经受到了关注。因此近年来具有一级磁相变的磁制冷材料成为全球学术界的一个研究热点,并越来越受到工业界的重视。主要介绍了磁制冷材料中的一级磁相变特点,综述了具有一级磁相变的磁制冷材料的研究进展和应用现状。最后展望了具有一级磁相变的磁制冷材料的发展趋势。     

State-of-the-Art and Perspectives in the Field of Particulate Nanostructured Materials

A great attention has been paid to the research and development of nanostructured materials.The main preparation methods of ultrafine particles and nanostructured materials have been summarized. The applications of zone typical nanostructured materials have also been reviewed.The peculiar characteristics and properties. such as density, grain size, hardness, superplasticity,magnetic and catalytic properties have been discussed     

Polylactide based nanostructured biomaterials and their applications

Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most innovative materials being actively investigated for a wide range of industrial applications. The polymer is a linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester which is biodegradable as well as biocompatible, which makes it highly versatile and attractive to various commodities and medical applications. A large variety of nanoparticles of different nature and size can be blended with PLA, therefore, generating a new class of nanostructured biomaterials or nanocomposites with interesting physical properties and applications. PLA based nanostructured biomaterials are the focus of this review article, throwing light on their preparation techniques, physical properties, and industrial applications. Structural characteristics and morphological features of PLA based nanocomposites have been explained on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Depending upon the nature and characteristics of the nanoparticles, the ultimate properties of the resulting nanocomposite materials can be tailored. Biocompatible materials such as carbon nanotubes, cellulose nanowhiskers, hydroxyapitite, etc. could be incorporated into the PLA matrix, which increase the potential of PLA for biomedical applications. Applications of PLA based nanostructured materials in different areas have been summarized.     

磁性高分子材料的研究及应用进展

磁性高分子材料分为复合型和结构型两类，分别阐述了复合型和结构型磁性高分子材料的研究和应用现状，强调了磁性高分子材料的发展意义，并对其理论和应用领域的开拓前景进行了展望。