圆柱形长杆超高速正碰撞薄板结构破碎效应

超高速碰撞多层板结构破碎效应研究对空间碎片防护及动能武器毁伤效应研究有着重要意义。采用ANSYS/AUTODYN程序的SPH方法,对超高速碰撞碎片云的形成过程进行了数值模拟,某典型时刻一次及二次碎片云形貌的数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,验证了计算方法和模型参数的正确性。在此基础上采用数值模拟方法,对钨合金、轧制均质装甲(Rolled Homogeneous Armor,RHA)及LY12铝三种材料的圆柱形弹体超高速碰撞薄板的破碎规律进行了研究,基于量纲分析方法得出了弹体破碎长度随弹靶材料特性、弹靶尺寸及初始撞击速度变化的关系式。并研究了钨合金及RHA两种材料的长杆弹对八层RHA板结构的超高速碰撞效应。     

高速长杆弹对陶瓷装甲侵彻的数值模拟

利用三维非线性动力有限元程序LS-DYNA3D,建立了高速钨质长杆弹对多层陶瓷装甲侵彻的有限元分析模型,描述了侵彻全过程的有关物理和力学现象,对进一步研究陶瓷装甲防护及弹体侵彻性能具有一定的参考价值。     

动能弹侵彻多层陶瓷靶板数值模拟研究

结合试验对钨合金长杆弹垂直侵彻多层陶瓷靶板进行了三维数值模拟,得出了侵彻的物理图像及各种参量的变化规律。模拟结果中,后置钢靶剩余穿深和陶瓷破碎锥形状与试验基本一致。对于多层陶瓷靶板,每一层都会有漏斗形的破碎锥出现,且这些破碎锥的形状基本一致。随着陶瓷层数的增多,弹体的速度和动能下降速率逐渐变小。比较了相同厚度的多层和单层陶瓷靶板的抗弹性能,结果表明两者的陶瓷破坏形式不同,多层靶板的抗弹性能要优于相同厚度的单层陶瓷靶板,且仅在一定厚度范围内这种优势才较为明显。     

毫米波遥控弹道修正弹拦截机动 反舰导弹命中概率的仿真研究

提出了修正拦截流的概念,建立了舰载毫米波遥控指令弹道修正弹（MMW-RCTCM）拦截机动反舰导弹空袭流的防空射击模型。研究了单发MMW-RCTCM对单一机动反舰导弹的命中概率、修正拦截流对单一机动反舰导弹的命中概率以及修正拦截流对机动反舰导弹空袭流的命中概率。根据当前的技术发展状况,分析了攻防双方的技术参数,并据此对各种典型攻防模式下的命中概率进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,与无控弹丸相比,MMW-RCTCM对机动反舰导弹的拦截效率成倍提高,且能够有效防御超音速反舰导弹的高强度攻击。     

穿甲弹弹芯用非晶复合材料研究进展

穿甲弹的弹芯是穿甲弹的主体,弹芯材料的制备、成形及侵彻过程直接决定了穿甲弹的穿甲威力。非晶复合材料具有高的剪切"自锐性"和无毒性,是一种取代钨重合金和贫铀合金的新型穿甲弹弹芯材料。本文综述了非晶复合材料穿甲弹弹芯从制备到使用所经历的基体合金和增强体选材、成形出所要求的穿甲弹弹芯外形和穿甲侵彻三个阶段的国内外研究现状。并从这三个方面指出了进一步提高非晶复合材料弹芯穿甲威力的途径。     

基于A-T模型的长杆弹超高速侵彻陶瓷靶体强度分析

Alekseevskii-Tate(A-T)模型广泛应用于长杆弹超高速冲击的终点效应分析中。A-T模型对于金属弹靶强度有明确的表达式,而对于陶瓷靶体强度尤其是弹体初始冲击速度大于1 500 m/s时还没有统一的结论。基于长杆钨弹超高速(1 500~5 000 m/s)侵彻三种陶瓷(Al N,B4C,Si C)/铝复合靶体的缩比逆弹道实验数据;基于A-T模型,给出了上述陶瓷材料在不同侵彻速度范围内的靶体强度表达式。进一步通过与47发长杆钨弹超高速(1 250~2 500 m/s)侵彻陶瓷(Al N,B4C,Si C,AD85)/RHA钢复合靶体DOP实验数据对比,验证了提出的陶瓷靶体强度表达式的适用性。     

长杆弹对金属靶板侵彻的有限元数值模拟

本文针对长杆对金属靶板的贯穿过程进行了二维数值模拟,给出并讨论了侵彻过程中的主要物理图象。计算结果指出,剩余弹重和残余速度与实验测量结果基本一致。另外,还集中讨论了滑移面和滑移面再定义技术中的一些数值方法问题。     

基于FE-SPH自适应耦合算法对长杆弹侵彻反应装甲的模拟研究

该文采用自编程序实现的FE-SPH 自适应耦合算法对长杆弹侵彻反应装甲的过程开展了数值模拟研究。为了实现反应装甲中的凝聚炸药在长杆弹冲击作用下的起爆过程,在FE-SPH 自适应耦合算法中嵌入了凝聚炸药的点火-增长模型。该文首先应用FE-SPH 自适应耦合算法对二维轴对称反应装甲冲击起爆模型进行了模拟分析,并以此验证了自适应FE-SPH 自适应耦合算法对此类问题模拟的可行性和有效性。其次,针对长杆弹斜侵彻反应装甲的过程进行模拟,再现了反应装甲动态响应干扰长杆弹入侵的过程。通过与相关实验数据结果及其他方法模拟的结果对比,FE-SPH 自适应耦合方法能够有效地对长杆弹侵彻反应装甲和后效目标靶进行一体化仿真。     

钨的SEM、EDS特性对射孔弹性能及生产的影响

文章着重从微观的角度阐述了钨的理化特性对射孔弹性能及生产的影响,提出了钨在射孔弹药型罩上应用的理化指标,进一步证实了球形钨粉和高纯度钨粉对射孔弹性能及生产更为有利.     

考虑攻角的长杆弹斜穿透中厚铝靶机理

攻角对长杆弹斜侵彻有重要影响,该文通过大量数值模拟研究了攻角对长杆弹斜穿透中厚铝板的影响机理。基于实验验证的有限元模型,开展了变速度和攻角的多工况数值模拟,得到了侵彻过程中弹体的减加速度大小、速度方向以及整体弯曲的变化规律,分析了侵彻速度、倾角和攻角对侵彻阻力、弹体弯曲和弹道偏转的影响。结果表明:带攻角斜侵彻时,负攻角对弹体弯曲的影响明显大于正攻角,且弹体弯曲随着侵彻速度的增大而减小;随着斜侵彻速度的增大,攻角引起弹体甩尾和弹道偏转越明显,此时带攻角的斜侵彻过程的能量损耗机理明显不同于正侵彻和无攻角的斜侵彻。     

A computational study of the relations between material properties of long-rod penetrators and their ballistic performance

The paper summarizes a series of two-dimensional numerical simulations which were performed to study the effects of material properties on the terminal ballistics of long-rod penetrators. Our focus was on the properties of the rod material, unlike recent works which concentrated on a target’s properties. We varied almost all the relevant parameters within a large range of values in order to study the separate effects of each one. These parameters included: compressive and tensile strengths, elastic moduli, melting temperatures and the maximum equivalent plastic strain (failure strain) of the rod material. Most of the simulations were performed for an actual experiment with 300 mm tungsten-alloy long-rod, impacting a semi-infinite steel target. The simulations show that the mechanical and thermal softening mechanisms are the most dominant, as far as the depth of penetration is concerned. In contrast, the elastic moduli and spall strength have a negligible effect as far as penetration depth is concerned.     

Yaw impact of rod projectiles

The purpose of this numerical study is to investigate the penetration regimes for L/D 30 tungsten-alloy rod projectiles for cases where the impact yaw angle varies from 0 to 90° and for impact velocities from 1.4 to 2.6 km/s. The target is modeled as a semi-infinite or half-space block of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) at zero obliquity. For cases of mild interference, the penetration channel is still deep and narrow but may be skewed with respect to the original shot-line. While penetration is degraded the efficiency of the rod projectile remains relatively high. With increasing yaw angle the rod may deform due to transverse loading to the extent such that it contacts and produces gouges on the opposite side of the penetration channel. Additionally, lateral loading may induce angular acceleration to the extent such that the tail of the projectile rotates (in the plane of symmetry) and also contacts the opposite side of the penetration channel. In the next discernible penetration regime, the long-rod deforms under transverse load but the tail does not rotate significantly. It is seen that nearly the entire rod length experiences the lateral load with the result that the original shot-line is significantly altered. The deformed rod, again, has multiple contact or loading points (or regions) and the resultant angular acceleration appears to be insufficient to induce rotation of the projectile tail. Thus, rather than ricochet, the projectile cuts a significant slot into the target. Finally, for very large yaw angles the crater becomes indistinguishable from one produced by a side-on or 90° impact even though the impact yaw angle may be significantly less than 90°.     

On the role of nose profile in long-rod penetration

The superiority of depleted uranium on tungsten-alloy penetrators has recently been assigned to the self-sharpening mechanism, at the tip of the DU rods, due to the adiabatic shear failure which this material experiences. The purpose of the work presented here was to further investigate the role of deformed nose profile on the deep penetrations of long rods into semi-infinite targets. This was achieved through a series of 2-D numerical simulations and several perforation experiments where we recovered and examined the residual penetrators. The simulations were performed for rigid tungsten-alloy rods having five different nose shapes with the density and elastic properties of tungsten alloys. For the normal impact experiments we chose three rod materials: a tungsten alloy, a copper and a titanium alloy. The residual rods (after perforation of finite thickness targets) were imaged by flash X-ray and softly recovered using sand boxes. As expected, the nose shapes of these rods were very different from each other.     

Monolithic and segmented projectile penetration experiments in the 2 to 4 kilometers per second impact velocity regime

A series of experiments was performed to evaluate the performance of projectiles impacting targets at velocities two to three times larger than conventional ordnance velocities. The results were positive, where low L/D ratio projectiles exceeded the theoretical hydrodynamic limit of penetration for the given projectile-target combination. High L/D ratio projectiles did not appreciably exceed the limit.

A second set of experiments was devised to test the hypothesis that a segmented projectile, - consisting of a series of low L/D projectiles, assembled in a long rod configuration, - could penetrate deeper into the target than a monolithic projectile of equivalent mass. The results were again positive, with a gain of about 10% shown in some cases. The balance of the experiments was devoted to developing a set of design rules and to exploring variations in the configuration and materials.     

An examination of long-rod penetration

The one-dimensional modified Bernoulli theory of Tate [J. Mech. Phys. Solids 15, 287–399 (1967)] is often used to examine long-rod penetration into semi-infinite targets. The theory is summarized and the origins of the target resistance term examined. Numerical simulations were performed of a tungsten-alloy, long-rod projectile into a semi-infinite hardened steel target at three impact velocities sufficiently high to result in projectile erosion. The constitutive responses of the target and projectile were varied parametrically to assess the effects of strain hardening, strain-rate hardening, and thermal softening on penetration response. The results of one of the numerical simulations were selected to compare and contrast in detail with the predictions of the Tate model.     

风致飞掷物冲击建筑浮法玻璃试验和数值模拟

通过试验和有限元数值模拟的方法研究风致飞掷物对建筑浮法玻璃的冲击破坏效应。首先进行钢球冲击浮法玻璃面板的破坏试验,然后基于LS-DYNA建立与试验对应的飞掷物冲击浮法玻璃有限元模型,并通过对比试验和数值模拟的结果验证有限元模型的可靠性。最后基于验证后的有限元模型,以板状飞掷物为代表,研究风致飞掷物的冲击位置、冲击姿态和外形等特性对其冲击效应的影响。结果表明,建筑浮法玻璃在风灾中非常容易受到飞掷物的冲击而破坏。采用JH-2作为浮法玻璃的本构模型并以SIGP1=75 MPa作为失效准则,能够较准确地模拟浮法玻璃在冲击荷载下的破坏特性。板状飞掷物的冲击位置对其冲击效应影响不大,但其冲击姿态和边厚比对冲击效应有较大的影响。     

Protection effectiveness of an oblique plate against a long rod

Protection effectiveness of an oblique metallic plate against a long rod projectile has been evaluated through a three-dimensional dynamic finite element computer program. The parameters considered in the simulations are the impact velocity, oblique plate thickness, gap distance between oblique plate and witness block, and obliquity. It was found that protection performance of an oblique plate was maximized in case that the ratio of line-of-sight (LOS) plate thickness to projectile diameter is around 2.0. This result may be used as a guide for the design of obliquely spaced armour structures against long rod projectiles.     

Experimental study of morphology scaling of a projectile obliquely impacting into loose granular media

The morphology scaling of a spherical projectile obliquely impacting into loose granular media is experimentally investigated. The influences of projectile’s releasing distance, diameter and oblique impact angle are mainly considered. Based on the experimental results, four scaling laws are eventually proposed to describe the variations of the length, width, depth of impact crater and the penetration depth of projectile after impacting. We find that when the impact angle is larger than a critical value, these quantities all exhibit power law dependences on the releasing distance, diameter and impact angle of projectile, which are analogous to that obtained in other similar vertical impacting experiments. It is also observed that once the oblique impact angle exceeds this critical value, the tadpole-shaped impact crater may commonly evolve into an elliptical one. At small impact angles, we find that the scaling laws on both the width and the depth of impact crater are still valid, although the corresponding fitting exponents have slightly deviated from those values at larger impact angles. However, the length of crater and the penetration depth of projectile seem to no longer yield such proposed scaling laws, possibly due to the different physical mechanism induced by the rebounding movements of projectile at small impact angles.     

Ricochet of 0.3″ AP projectile from inclined polymeric plates

When a rigid armor piercing (AP) projectile impacts an inclined plate it can be deflected by the asymmetric forces, which the target exerts on the projectile. This is a well-known phenomenon which has been investigated by several workers impacting various metallic targets with AP projectiles. These works have shown that if the incidence angle is small enough the projectile can ricochet from any metallic target, provided the target is thick enough. In the present study we investigated the deflection, and ricochet, of 0.3″ AP projectiles impacting inclined polymeric targets, which, to our best knowledge, were not investigated before. We concentrate our attention on Plexiglas targets, which turned out to exert the strongest asymmetric forces on the AP projectile. We present a thorough 3D numerical study following the important properties of the target, which control the ricochet and deflection processes. It turns out that these properties are the high compressive strength and the low tensile strength of the target. In other words, the high brittleness of Plexiglas is responsible for the large deflection which was observed in our experiments. Other polymers, less brittle, resulted in a much lower effect or no effect at all.