Sb对Mg-5Sn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金组织的影响及机理研究

以Mg-5Sn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si铸态合金为研究对象,分析了Sb元素对合金组织的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,Sb元素优先与Mg反应生成Mg3Sb2相,适量Sb对合金组织具有较强细化作用,汉字状的Mg2Si得到显著变质;Sb通过Mg2(Si,Sn)中间相的桥梁作用,进一步阻断Mg2Si的枝晶生长,这种阻碍作用打破了Mg2Si共晶相的生长条件,使其汉字状形态得到控制;与其他合金元素相比,Sb的抑制因子较低,加入适量Sb有利于提高合金形核率,增加过冷度,对细化铸态组织具有重要作用。     

不同Ca含量及合金元素对Al-Ca合金组织的影响

本文主要介绍了不同Ca含量以及合金元素Mg、Si对于Al—Ca二元合金微观组织的影响．同时运用了X射线衍射、金相观察等分析测试方法对合金的微观组织进行了定性分析。结果表明,合金中共晶相随Ca含量的增加而逐渐增加,当Ca含量为8wt．％时全部转变为共晶组织．当Ca含量达到11％时,合金中出初生Al4Ca相。在Al-8Ca合金中加入Si元素后,组织中出现随机分布的规则多边形Al2CaSi2相;当加入6％Mg元素后合金组织未发生较大改变,仍由共晶α—Al及Al4Ca两相所组成,Mg元素以固溶的形式分布在共晶基体当中。     

Si对AM50力学性能和高温蠕变性能的影响

在基体合金AM50中分别加入Si和Ca,研究了Si和Ca对AM50-xSi合金的微观组织、力学性能及蠕变性能的影响.结果表明:加入Si后,合金高温蠕变性能随Si量的增加而增加并超过了AS41的水平;在AM50-xSi中加入微量Ca以后,合金中的Mg2Si相得到细化,从汉字状转变成颗粒状,室温及150℃拉伸性能明显提高.     

Ca和La对Mg-5Sn-2Si合金组织和蠕变性能的影响

利用Mg-20%Ca(质量分数,下同)和Mg-20%La中间合金分别对Mg-5Sn-2Si合金进行变质处理,研究Ca和La对Mg2Si相的变质效果,并进行了高温蠕变实验。结果表明:Ca和La对Mg2Si相起到了良好的变质效果,初晶Mg2Si颗粒消失,粗大树枝晶得到有效细化,且有CaMgSi(花瓣状)和La5Si4(棒状)新相生成。经过Ca和La变质后合金的蠕变速率大幅度降低,在250℃和60MPa应力下,Mg-5Sn-2Si-2Ca和Mg-5Sn-2Si-2La的稳态蠕变速率分别减少到未变质时的1/48和1/28。蠕变抗力提高的原因可能与Mg2Si相细化、新相生成后位错的滑移和晶界的滑动受到阻碍有关。     

Si对AZ91D镁合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

利用光学金相显微镜OM和XRD分析了加入微量Si的AZ91D合金显微组织和相组成,测试了合金室温拉伸力学性能和硬度,利用SEM分析了合金拉伸断口形貌.结果表明,加入一定量Si后AZ91D合金组织中形成汉字状Mg2Si相,富集于固液界面前沿,阻碍α-Mg基体的自由长大,从而细化合金铸态组织;汉字状Mg2Si相的存在导致合金力学性能的降低;AZ91D合金室温拉伸断口是以解理断裂为主的脆性断裂,加入Si后,断裂常发生于α-Mg基体和汉字状Mg2Si相间的界面处.     

变质处理对挤压态Al-20Mg2Si-4.5Cu合金初生及共晶Mg2Si变质形貌的影响机制

目的 研究微量元素复合变质下挤压态Al-20Mg2Si-4.5Cu合金初生Mg2Si和共晶Mg2Si的形貌演化规律,揭示Mg2Si相的变质和球化机制。方法 采用形貌调控元素Be和异质形核元素Sb协同变质调控初生及共晶Mg2Si相的形貌,然后结合挤压工艺对初生及共晶Mg2Si形貌进行进一步调控。结果 经0.5%(质量分数)Be-Sb复合变质与挤压工艺处理后,初生Mg2Si转变为近球形,尺寸约为10 μm,共晶Mg2Si转变约1 μm的球形。结论 挤压变形可以使Be-Sb复合变质后的合金中的初生及共晶Mg2Si相发生明显球化。其中,Sb元素生成的Mg3Sb2相作为初生Mg2Si的异质核心,有效细化了初生Mg2Si相;Be元素选择性吸附在初生Mg2Si及共晶Mg2Si的择优生长晶面上。     

Ce对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金亚快速凝固铸造组织的影响

通过XRD,DSC,SEM,EDS等现代分析方法,研究了稀土元素Ce在不同凝固冷却速率下对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金显微组织、凝固温度的影响,分析讨论了Ce对合金晶粒细化和熔体净化作用的原理。结果表明,合金的主要析出相为α-Al和MgZn_2型共晶相,MgZn_2固溶了Al,Cu,Mg等元素并形成了Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)_2相,在晶界上溶质元素浓度较高,与α-Al基体共晶形成层片状共晶组织。添加Ce能使合金枝晶间距减小,并减小共晶层片间距和细化共晶组织,显著细化晶粒,并抑制铝合金中的杂质相Al7Cu2Fe的出现。Ce还将合金α-Al基体和共晶相的析出温度分别降低了6.4℃和5.6℃。     

微量Er、Zr对Al-1.5Mg合金微观组织和性能的影响

借助OM、XRD和SEM等手段研究了微量Er、Zr元素对Al-1.5Mg合金微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明:合金中除了含有少量的β相(Mg2Al3)和Mg2Si外,绝大部分为铁基相(Al3Fe和Al12Fe3Si);复合添加Er、Zr能促进铁基相析出,实现针状相转化为相对无害的骨骼状相,提高了合金的宏观硬度和加工性能;大部分Er溶解在Al基体中,其余分布在晶界处的Er易吸附固/液界面前沿处的铁等原子,造成成分过冷,从而增加形核率,细化晶粒;Zr几乎都固溶于Al基体中,但有少量Al3Zr粒子形成。     

ECAP变形对Mg2Si增强耐热镁合金组织及性能的影响

为了提高镁合金的耐热性能,在Mg-Zn合金中加入Si,形成Mg-Zn-Si镁合金.采用ECAP工艺在变形温度为573 K和挤压路径为Bc条件下对Mg-Zn-Si镁合金进行不同道次的变形.运用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对变形后的Mg-Zn-Si镁合金进行了组织表征,对变形后的合金进行了室温拉伸和高温蠕变等力学性能测试.结果表明:随着挤压道次增加,α-Mg基体、Mg Zn相及Mg2Si相均得到细化且分布趋于均匀.1道次挤压后部分基体α-Mg细化,4道次挤压后α-Mg的尺寸减小为5~10μm,且晶粒大小趋于均匀;2道次挤压后Mg2Si相枝晶在原位置破碎为颗粒状,6、8道次挤压后Mg_2Si相呈弥散分布.4道次挤压后合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度均提高120%,伸长率提高353%;8道次挤压后合金的抗拉强度和伸长率与4道次相比变化不大,但屈服强度进一步提高了19%.随着挤压道次增加,高温抗蠕变性能提高,8道次后高温稳态蠕变速率降低5倍.Mg2Si相细化机理为受剪切而机械碎断.     

铝、镁合金高压凝固及高压凝固理论研究进展

综述了Al合金高压凝固研究现状,着重介绍了GPa级高压作用下Mg合金凝固组织细化及细化机制研究结果,高压下Mg合金异质晶核结构及与Mg基体界面关系、异质晶核生成机制、压力对结晶相和形核衬底界面能(润湿性)的影响将成为今后Mg合金凝固组织细化机制研究的关键科学问题之一。介绍了与凝固组织细化相关的高压凝固理论,如非均质形核临界生核半径和临界形核功、形核率及晶体生长速率等理论模型及最新研究进展。     

Influence of Cerium on Microstructure and Solidification of Eutectic Al–Si Piston Alloy

Thermal analysis has become very important in foundry because it aids in studying the effect of additives on eutectic growth temperature and assessing the quality of modifications. This research was performed to investigate the influence of the addition of Ce (0.1–1.0 wt.%) on the eutectic Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy characteristics of solidification. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and optical microscopy were employed to characterize the alloy microstructure. The main phases studied were the Al–Cu (Al₂Cu) and Al–Si phases. The addition of Ce decreased the nucleation and growth temperatures and acted as a refiner for the alloy. The larger amounts of Ce significantly impacted the Si structure: the average Si particle size decreased as the Ce concentration was increased, which led to a finer grain structure. The Ce formed intermetallic compounds with the alloyed elements that had plate- or needle-like structures and that interrupted the modification of Si. The solidification parameters, including the growth and nucleation temperatures, increased with increasing change in the morphology of the Al–Cu phase that were caused by Ce addition.     

微量Sr及均匀化工艺对Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn变形铝合金铸态组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、差热分析、X射线衍射分析及硬度测试、电导率测试、拉伸测试等方法,研究了0%～0.09%Sr(质量分数,下同)含量和均匀化工艺对Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn变形铝合金铸态组织及性能的影响,并对合金铸态组织及均匀化退火过程中第二相的演变进行了分析。结果表明:Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn铸态合金主要包括AlCuMgSi,Mg_2Si,AlSi,Al_2Cu,Al(MnFe)Si,AlMnSi和Al(MnCrFe)Si等结晶相,在合金中加入0.06%Sr可使铸锭中针状Si相转变为球状相,并促进球状AlFeSi型结晶相的形成,减小了应力集中,提高了合金铸态的强度及塑性;在均匀化退火过程中,随保温时间的延长,块状相和低熔点共晶组织溶解,Al(MnCrFe)Si相由原来的三角块状和针状相转变成细小的颗粒状相,Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn-Sr合金的最佳均匀化热处理工艺为540℃×8h。     

Si对AM30变形镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

为了提高Mg-3Al-0.4Mn合金的常温力学性能,研究了铸态和挤压态下Si含量对AM30合金的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,增加Si的添加量会生成粗大的汉字状的Mg2Si相,不利于提高合金的力学性能;但经过挤压后,呈汉字状Mg2Si相破碎,变成颗粒细小的Mg2Si相,晶粒细化,有利于提高合金的性能.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-deposited Mg–12.55Al–3.33Zn–0.58Ca–1Nd alloy

A Mg–Al–Zn–Ca–Nd magnesium alloy was prepared by spray forming technology, and the spray-deposited alloy was subsequently hot-extruded with a reduction rate of 16:1 at 623 K. The mechanical properties of the extruded alloy were investigated, and the result shows that the spray-formed Mg alloy offers superior tensile strength with poor ductility. The morphologies, fracture characteristic and chemical compositions of the extruded alloy were then explored by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer. Furthermore, microstructure of the extruded alloy was examined by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the microstructure of the spray-deposited magnesium alloy consists of α-Mg and Al₂Ca phases, and the Al₂Ca compound is distributed along the grain boundaries of the primary α-Mg. Moreover, twin substructure is found to exist in microstructure of the Al₂Ca phase, rare earth Nd in the Al₂Ca phase in the form of solid solution.     

Post-β″ phases and their influence on microstructure and hardness in 6xxx Al-Mg-Si alloys

Starting from solid solution (T4) or a condition with β″ precipitates (T6), three Al-Mg-Si alloys with similar total solute content (1.3 at%), but different Si/Mg ratios (2, 1.25 and 0.8) were isothermally heat-treated at 250 or 260°C and investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The result microstructure for all alloys and conditions consisted of metastable, needle-shaped precipitates growing along 〈100〉 directions in aluminium. Each of the phases β″-Mg₅Si₆, β′-Mg_1.8Si, U1-MgAl₂Si₂ and U2-MgAlSi could be identified as main precipitate in the alloy with its solute Si/Mg ratio closest to the same ratio in the composition of that particular phase: The highest Si content alloy produced coarse needles of the trigonal U1-phase coexisting with finer precipitates of hexagonal B′-phase. The most common phase in the Mg-rich alloy is coarse needles of hexagonal β′-type. The Si/Mg ratio of 1.25 in one alloy is similar to the Si/Mg ratio in β″. Here the microstructure changes from that of fine β″ needles to fine needles of the orthorhombic U2-phase. This material remains strongest during heat-treatment. Nucleation on dislocations, mainly by the B′-phase, was observed to be significant in the case of Si-rich alloys heat-treated from T4-condition.     

添加元素对Mg-3Si合金组织影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射对合金组织进行观察,研究在Mg-3Si(质量分数/%,下同)合金陆续添加Zn,Nd,Gd,Y元素后微观组织演变规律。结果表明:Mg-3Si合金中Mg_2Si粒子具有初生和共晶两种明显不同的形貌;添加3%Zn元素后的Mg-3.0Si-3.0Zn合金中,初生Mg_2Si粒子粗化,共晶Mg_2Si粒子完全消失;在Mg-2.0Nd-3.0Zn-3.0Si合金中,Nd元素的加入能有效地细化初生Mg_2Si粒子并生成少量的Mg_(41)Nd_5粒子;继续添加Gd,Y元素后,在Mg-8.0Gd-4.0Y-2.0Nd-3.0Zn-3.0Si合金中的Gd_5Si_3和YSi等粒子急剧增加而Mg_2Si粒子含量大大减少。通过Thermo-Calc热力学软件的热力学计算表明:Gd_5Si_3,YSi的吉布斯自由能低,Gd,Y原子与Si更容易形成化合物。在Mg-8Gd-4Y-2Nd-3Zn-3Si合金中,Gd_5Si_3,YSi,Mg_2Si三种化合物的室温吉布斯自由能分别为-9.56×10~4,-8.72×10~4,-2.83×10~4J/mol,粒子的质量分数分别为8.07%,5.27%,1.40%。     

Effects of minor additions of Ce and Y on as cast microstructure of Mg–3Sn–2Ca magnesium alloy

Abstract

The effects of minor additions of Ce and Y on the as cast microstructure of Mg–3Sn–2Ca (wt-%) magnesium alloy are investigated and compared. Results indicate that adding minor Ce or Y to Mg–3Sn–2Ca alloy does not cause formation of any new phases in the alloy. The as cast Mg–3Sn–2Ca alloy with addition of 0·5 wt-%Ce or Y is still composed of α-Mg, CaMgSn and Mg₂Ca phases. However, after adding 0·5 wt-%Ce or Y to Mg–3Sn–2Ca alloy, not only the formation of CaMgSn phase in the alloy is suppressed but also the CaMgSn phases in the alloy are effectively refined. In addition, adding 0·5 wt-%Ce to Mg–3Sn–2Ca alloy exhibits higher refinement efficiency to the CaMgSn phase in the alloy than adding 0·5 wt-%Y. Further investigations need to be considered in order to understand the difference of minor Ce and Y with regard to the refinement of CaMgSn phase in the Mg–3Sn–2Ca alloy.     

铸态Mg-4Al-4Si-0.75Sb合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用重力铸造法制备Mg-4Al-4Si-0.75Sb(AS44-0.75Sb)(质量分数/%,下同)镁合金,研究铸态合金的显微组织和室温力学性能。结果表明:铸态AS44-0.75Sb合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12相、Mg2Si相和Mg3Sb2相组成;加入0.75Sb后形成高熔点的Mg3Sb2相,显著改善了Mg2Si相的形貌,使粗大的骨骼状Mg2Si转变为相对细小的汉字状Mg2Si。铸态合金的硬度HV为65.9,屈服强度为136.4MPa,抗拉强度为172.3MPa,伸长率为3.3%;拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。