矢量水听器线阵波束图

本文研究了矢量水听器均匀线阵的采用不同方式进行波束形成的波束图,并和声压阵相应的量进行了比较.结果表明,相对于声压阵,在不增加阵孔径的前提下,利用矢量水听器阵获得的波束主瓣更窄,旁瓣更低.利用声压和振速的联合处理,去除了声压线阵方位估计中的左右舷模糊.     

细线阵的频域自适应波束形成

常规波束形成技术包括时域波束形成技术和频域波束形成技术.由于实际空间采样的声阵是有限孔径的，常规波束形成的空间波束谱估计具有加窗效应，所以分辨力不高，另外由于它是固定旁瓣响应，所以不能有效的抑制强干扰。为克服常规波束形成的不足，本文利用广义旁瓣干扰抵消自适应阵处理的原理，仿真研究了自适应波束形成分辨力与抗干扰能力的提高.     

基于等效孔径相等的体积阵波束形成

利用自适应方法对"米"字形体积阵进行波束形成,发现在预成的多波束中奇偶号波束效果差别较大,影响了检测性能、定位精度.从预成波束方向阵等效孔径入手,解释了奇偶号波束不一致的原因,通过改变预成波束方向、构造阵等效孔径相等措施来改进体积阵波束形成.计算机仿真、水池实测验证了这种方法可以有效地提高体积阵波束形成的整体效果.     

扭曲面阵模拟分析

扭曲面声阵是由若干个法线方向分别从－α１到＋α１渐变的长条阵元组成。本文对扭曲阵的指向性进行了计算机模拟分析，结果表明，扭曲阵不仅在两个平面内保持了良好的恒定束宽，而且还克服了弧阵和球冠阵的一些缺点。它能明显改善主波束内的下凹现象。因此扭曲阵是有特色的，有实用价值的高频恒定束宽声阵。     

混凝土结构健康检测的声发射圆阵波束形成仿真分析

采用了声发射(Acoustic Emission,AE)均匀圆阵并分析其波束形成特性,通过仿真分析了阵元数目及声发射模拟信号频率的变化对波束模式的影响.结果表明,当频率不变,阵元数目为4~32时,随着阵元数目的增加,角分辨率保持不变,最高旁瓣降低,可达-8 dB左右.混凝土结构内部缺陷声发射信号的超声频段一般在25~200 kHz,当阵元数目不变时,随着频率的升高,角分辨率随之升高,最高旁瓣也随之增大.另外,文中提出如何设计一个性能相对稳定的阵列,并通过从噪声信号中提取有用信号的实例说明声发射均匀圆阵空间匹配滤波性能.     

小型综合平面声呐阵的研制

一、概况 本文所介绍的小型综合平面声呐阵是测深测潜测波测冰综合检测声响中的一个必不可少的重要部件。本声呐阵的主要特点是小型多功能。根据总体方案设计要求,水下声呐阵共分两大系统:(一)高频测潜测波测冰收发系统及(二)高低频合一测深收发系统。此综合检测声响对两个声系统的指向性开角及发射功率均有特定的要求。如对系统(一),-3dB开角测波时为窄波束而测潜测冰时为宽波束;对系统(二),-3dB开角均为宽波束,并要求发射功率分档选择可调。所以,声呐阵的结构设计在本研制项目中尤为重要。 为了满足总体设计方案要求,对系统(一)我们采用…     

SAVSTMV波束形成算法研究

矢量阵常规波束形成(Vector array Conventional Beam Forming,VCBF)能够消除普通单线阵左右舷模糊现象,但VCBF波束宽度受到"瑞利限"的限制,不能分辨同一波束内的多个目标。矢量阵导向最小方差(Vector array STeered Minimum Variance,VSTMV)波束形成算法是一种宽带自适应波束形成算法,具有高分辨力和抗干扰性能。VSTMV波束形成直接在阵元域进行,计算量较大且稳健性差,不利于实时实现和应用。提出一种分子阵VSTMV波束形成算法(Sub-Array Vector array Steered Minimum Variance,SAVSTMV),可有效降低计算量,算法稳健性更强。通过理论研究和仿真计算,证明该算法比矢量阵常规波束形成算法具有更好的性能,有利于实际应用。     

多途条件下聚焦波束近程定位

讨论了直线阵通过聚焦波束形成技术对近程点目标的高精度定位问题并通过仿真验证,对多途的影响及海面起伏的影响也作了初步分析。通过波束引导减少了扫描的运算量,并且通过虚阵、时间反转镜和乘积声图的方法提高了聚焦点"亮度"和声图质量。仿真结果表明,虚阵和时间反转镜技术可以较好地抑制多途干涉,使用乘积声图可以使观察到的信号变得更清晰。在信噪比为0dB时可以很好地检测到目标。     

固态拖线阵和液态拖线阵的试验分析

拖曳线列阵声纳以低频、大孔径等特点而受到关注。作为湿端的主要组成部分,拖线阵的发展也比较迅速。由于应用较早,液态拖线阵技术已经比较成熟。相比于液态拖线阵,固态拖线阵具有自身的特点,因此近年来对固态拖线阵的研究也逐渐增多。为了比较两种成阵工艺对拖曳线列阵性能的影响,进行了湖试,通过对湖试数据进行分析,比较两种拖线阵中阵元一致性和拖线阵波束形成性能的差异。结果表明,在阵元一致性方面,液态拖线阵和固态拖线阵的性能基本相似;在波束形成性能方面,静态时两者性能无明显的差别;在拖曳状态下,固态拖线阵对拖曳时产生的噪声敏感性低,因而具有更好的波束形成性能。     

实现最佳左右舷分辨的三线阵最佳阵间距研究

从理论上推导了三线阵最佳阵增益（最佳时-空处理）波束形成器,并给出了高斯背景噪声下三线阵最佳空-时最佳线性处理系统和三线阵次最佳空-时最佳线性处理系统框图。然后在最佳波束形成器的基础上推导了三线阵最佳左右舷分辨的阵间距,最后给出了详实的仿真结果论证理论推导。     

快速预估水下圆形角反射体散射声场的修正声束弹跳方法

针对水下圆形角反射体散射声场计算速度问题,在声束弹跳法基础上,提出了一种快速预估散射声场的修正声束弹跳法。对组成圆形三面角反射体的弧形边缘进行离散化,相邻离散点与角反射体顶点构成板块元,并与声源点构成入射声束,利用几何声学计算每条声束在角反射体反射面上的反射,同时得到反射面上每条声束"照射"后再次构成的板块元,用物理声学方法计算所有板块元的散射声场,叠加求和得到整个角反射的散射声场。通过与原始的声束弹跳法计算结果的对比,两者计算结果一致,修正声束弹跳法降低了计算量。     

Optimization of the arrangement of fiber laser array in beam coherent combining

Based on the expanding of the fundamental mode of a step-index fiber in terms of Laguerre–Gaussian modes, the accurate expression for the beam propagation of a fiber laser in free space is obtained. Thereby, the coherent combining beam of three fiber laser arrays including circular arrangement, square arrangement, and diamond arrangement are numerically analyzed. The study shows that all the beams gradually concentrate centrally on the propagation axis and the highest far-field peak intensity can be obtained by using the circular arrangement. Meanwhile, the far-field intensity of the circular arrangement by using the Laguerre–Gaussian approximation is also compared with that by using the pure Gaussian approximation, which indicates that the pure Gaussian approximation will induce much error in the far-field intensity. Finally, the influence of the radius of a circular fiber laser array on the far-field intensity is studied, of which the result shows that the far-field intensity decreases with increasing radius. Therefore, the fiber laser elements are suggested to be placed as close as possible.     

相控阵多普勒计程仪的相控波束形成

多普勒计程仪采用相控阵进行声波信号的发射和接收,不仅能够大大缩小换能器的体积,提高计程仪的适装性,还能依托相控阵本身的物理特性,无需进行声速补偿,所以在低频段获得了较多的应用。首先介绍了一维线阵波束形成的基本原理,然后分析了一维线阵的波束形成,获取多普勒计程仪发射波束及接收波束的方法,最后利用自制平面相控阵的水池测试结果与理论计算进行对比,结果表明,自制的相控阵满足多普勒计程仪的使用需求,为宽带大深度多普勒计程仪的制作奠定了基础。     

Fabrication of laser induced periodic surface structure for geometrical engineering

The paper presents the highly ordered geometrical structures of laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) in azobenzene urethane polymer (DR19 polymer) from 4-(N,N-dihydroxyethylamino)-4′-nitroazobenzene (Disperse red 19) with tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). One or two regulated striped LIPSS was formed in confined spaces between surface relief gratings (SRG) induced by the s-polarized interfered beams. The pitch of LIPSS was one-half or one-third of SRG pitch. Standing wave with some selected mode between SRG in the surface waveguide is responsible for the formation of the regulated striped LIPSS. The crossed illumination of the interfered beams showed the waffle-like structure for s-polarization beam and the egg crate-like (ECL) structure for p-polarized beam. Photoinduced microscopic molecular ordering was also investigated. The linear polarized beam gave the large optical anisotropy in the polymer and the circularly polarized beam produced the chiral structure. The circular dichroism spectra showed the sharp peak due to the circular Bragg reflection from which the chiral pitch was evaluated.     

Free vibration analysis of arches using curved beam elements

The natural frequencies and mode shapes for the radial (in‐plane) bending vibrations of the uniform circular arches were investigated by means of the finite arch (curved beam) elements. Instead of the complicated explicit shape functions of the arch element given by the existing literature, the simple implicit shape functions associated with the tangential, radial (or normal) and rotational displacements of the arch element were derived and presented in matrix form. Based on the relationship between the nodal forces and the nodal displacements of a two‐node six‐degree‐of‐freedom arch element, the elemental stiffness matrix was derived, and based on the equation of kinetic energy and the implicit shape functions of an arch element the elemental consistent mass matrix with rotary inertia effect considered was obtained. Assembly of the foregoing elemental property matrices yields the overall stiffness and mass matrices of the complete curved beam. The standard techniques were used to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes for the curved beam with various boundary conditions and subtended angles. In addition to the typical circular arches with constant curvatures, a hybrid beam constructed by using an arch segment connected with a straight beam segment at each of its two ends was also studied. For simplicity, a lumped mass model for the arch element was also presented. All numerical results were compared with the existing literature or those obtained from the finite element method based on the conventional straight beam element and good agreements were achieved. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sound field calculation for rectangular sources

A method is presented for calculation of the sound field from a rectangular continuous-wave source surrounded by a plane grid baffle. The approach is illustrated for square sources of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 lambda on a side. These results are compared to the sound fields produced by similarly sized circular sources. The beam widths and locations of on-axis minima are similar for the two sources, but the transverse pressure distribution is more uniform in the near-field of the square source. The effects of attenuation on the sound field of a square source are examined.     

Image reconstruction with a shift‐variant filtration in circular cone‐beam CT

It is well known that cone‐beam data acquired with a circular orbit are insufficient for exact image reconstruction. Despite this, because a cone‐beam scanning configuration with a circular orbit is easy to implement in practice, it has been widely employed for data acquisition in, e.g., micro‐CT and CT imaging in radiation therapy. The algorithm developed by Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress (FDK) and its modifications, such as the Tent–FDK (T‐FDK) algorithm, have been used for image reconstruction from circular cone‐beam data. In this work, we present an algorithm with spatially shift‐variant filtration for image reconstruction in circular cone‐beam CT. We performed computer‐simulation studies to compare the proposed and existing algorithms. Numerical results in these studies demonstrated that the proposed algorithm has resolution properties comparable to, and noise properties better than, the FDK algorithm. As compared to the T‐FDK algorithm, our proposed algorithm reconstructs images with an improved in‐plane spatial resolution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 14, 213–221, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20026     

附加约束阻尼层的复合材料梁单元建模分析

复合材料空心圆截面梁是桁架和刚架结构中大量采用的常用构件，而实践证明约束阻尼层能有效改善复合材料空心圆截面梁的动力学特性，但传统的约束阻尼层结构有限元计算方法需要大量的单元，这给大型复杂结构的计算带来了巨大的困难。本文采用Timoshenko梁假定。建立了一类附加约束阻尼层复合材料空心圆截面梁弯曲的数学模型。应用Hamilton原理。采用三节点高次梁单元对构件进行离散化。建立了附加约束阻尼层复合材料空心圆截面梁的梁单元。同传统的锥壳单元相比，该方法极大地减少了计算时间。用实验验证了本文计算结果的正确性。同时也分析了约束层厚度对损耗因子的影响。     

抗撞缓冲樑的新型设计(英文)

本研究重点设计了在机动车中应用的抗撞缓冲樑.设计里独特的地方体现在方形的纤维增强复合材料筒里放置圆形纤维增强复合材料筒,可以实现高能量吸收(缓冲)和高强度(抗撞).静态压缩实验调查了圆形筒端部的斜削角以及材料组合的影响,并发现玻璃纤维增强角筒联合炭素纤维增强圆筒可以得到最佳效果.     

Delamination in elastic shear deformable circular layers

This work extends the analytical solution of an interface crack in straight layered structures to circular layered structures. A small segment at the vicinity of an interface crack tip in a circular laminated beam is analyzed by a novel shear deformable bi-layered circular beam theory. Two concentrated forces are found existing at the crack tip due to the requirement of the equilibrium condition. Closed-form solution of the total energy release rate of the interface crack is obtained as the half of the product of the concentrated forces and the corresponding displacement gradient discontinuities at the crack tip. Closed-form expressions of the mode I and II components of the energy release rate are also obtained by global and local methods. Numerical verifications are conducted by analyzing the interlaminar delamination of a circular beam with an edged crack and comparing with the baseline results obtained through finite element analysis. Excellent agreements between the present method and finite element analysis on the predictions of total energy release rate and mode partition verify the accuracy and efficiency of the present solution.