DME或R600a与角鲨烷为工质对的吸收式制冷循环性能分析

本文分析了R600a/角鲨烷和DME/角鲨烷工质对在单效和压缩辅助吸收式制冷循环中的热力学性能.利用NRTL模型关联了两种工质对的汽液相平衡数据,分析了发生温度、蒸发温度和压缩机压比对循环性能系数(COP)、 效率和循环倍率的影响.结果表明:R600a工质对的性能更优.相比于单效循环,压缩辅助循环性能明显更高.在蒸发温...     

直线压缩机用多孔质气体轴承的仿真与实验

采用气体轴承的主动耗气技术可以实现直线压缩机的无油润滑和非接触运行,以保证运行可靠性。为研究多孔质轴承的结构参数和压缩机设计参数对耗气量的影响,本文以R600a为制冷工质,建立了多孔质气体轴承模型,利用Fluent对耗气量进行了仿真模拟计算,基于该模型模拟分析了多孔质材料厚度、间隙气膜厚度、排气压力、压缩机频率和排量占比对气体轴承耗气量和耗气率的影响,并通过实验测试验证了该模型的准确性。结果表明：气体轴承耗气量的仿真结果和实验测量的误差在±15%以内。根据耗气率给出了最佳的设计参数组合,为直线压缩机用多孔质气体轴承优化设计提供了参考。     

经济器对压缩制冷循环影响分析

通过对空调工况下R134a和R22常用制冷工质的螺杆制冷压缩机带经济器后的机组性能提高情况进行了数值模拟计算。分析了压缩机补气口位置、经济器传热温差、冷凝器出口过冷度和工质类型对机组性能的影响。另外,对带经济器螺杆制冷循环系统进行试验测试,得到了普通单级螺杆循环与带经济器螺杆循环在空调工况下的制冷量、耗功、性能系数的数据,并与模拟计算的结果进行比较分析。结果表明:螺杆制冷循环系统增设经济器以后,系统性能在某补气位置存在最佳值;经济器的换热性能越高、冷凝器出口过冷度越小、蒸发温度越低,系统性能提高的程度就越好;以R134a为制冷工质的系统的性能系数增长率高于以R22为工质的情况。     

R417a在热泵热水系统中替代R22的实验研究

在热泵热水系统中，对新混合工质R417a进行了理论制冷循环分析和灌注式替代R22的循环性能对比试验研究，结果表明混合工质R417a的制热量稍低于R22，但性能系数COP、压缩机排气温度和功耗等循环性能指标均优于R22，实验过程中R417a工质性能稳定，运行正常，不需更换润滑油。     

R417A热泵热水器性能及螺旋套管冷凝器换热研究

本文以R417A为工质,在冷凝器不同进水温度、不同进水体积流量时,测试了空气源热泵热水器的运行性能及螺旋套管冷凝器的换热特性,为制冷空调及热泵系统的工质替代提供参考。实验工况为:冷凝器入口水温20～55℃,冷凝器进水体积流量为0.6～1.0 m~3/h,环境温度分别为15、29℃。结果表明:冷凝器进水体积流量一定时,随入口水温的升高,冷凝器总换热量、总传热系数减小,压缩机排气压力、输入功率增大,热泵热水器制热量、制热性能系数COP下降。冷凝器入口水温一定时,随进水体积流量的增加,冷凝器总换热量、总传热系数增大,压缩机排气压力、输入功率减小,热泵热水器制热量、COP增大。实验工况范围内,与环境温度为15℃相比,环境温度为29℃时的冷凝器总换热量、总传热系数、排气压力、吸气压力、输入功率、制热量、COP均较高。     

冰箱直线压缩机活塞间隙密封泄漏的特性研究

直线压缩机采用间隙密封可以在完成密封的同时消除接触磨损,但不可避免会引起制冷工质的泄漏。采用数值模拟的方法,基于冰箱直线压缩机的实际情况,以R600a和R134a为制冷工质建立简化数学模型,模拟了间隙密封在不同工作参数,不同设计参数下的制冷工质泄漏特性。对于冰箱用无油润滑直线压缩机研究具有重要意义。     

独立式过冷循环对改善单级蒸气压缩制冷系统性能分析

过冷循环是改善单级蒸气压缩制冷系统性能的有效途径。本文以基加利修正案后可选替代制冷剂为分析对象,对带独立式过冷循环的单级蒸气压缩制冷循环的压缩机单位容积制冷量、压力比、排气温度、压缩机功耗、系统性能系数、损失和效率随蒸发温度的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:在固定蒸发温度和固定冷凝温度时,存在最佳过冷度Tsopt使系统COP最大。在最佳过冷度下,独立过冷循环使得系统的性能系数COP明显增大,采用独立过冷循环使R744提高性能效果最明显,R717增大幅度最小。13种不同的工质中,R600a、R152a、R161、R134a、R1234ze系统性能系数COP高于R22。独立过冷循环使系统压缩机总输入功W和损减少, 效率η_χ明显增大。文章揭示了不同工质在引入独立过冷循环的单级蒸气压缩式制冷循环的变化规律,为单级蒸气压缩式制冷循环性能改进提供参考。     

非共沸混合工质单级压缩回热循环实验研究

针对非共沸混合制冷工质单级压缩回热制冷循环,分析了LHR循环的特点及主要研究问题。根据非共沸混合制冷工质的特性,讨论并选取了适合于-70℃低温冷柜的混合制冷工质R23和R600a。利用制冷工质物性分析软件NIST Refprop 8.0初步研究了不同配比时制冷系统的特性,然后通过实验方法从不同角度分析混合制冷工质的配比对系统性能的影响,最终得到比较合理的混合制冷工质R23/R600a组分比例3:7。同时分析了该配比下制冷压缩机排气温度、压比、低温冷柜内温度等的变化特点,最后对蒸发器的温度变化特性和回热器的温度变化特性进行了总结。     

气阀运动规律模拟及其对制冷工质适应性研究

对于同一结构的单机双级制冷活塞式压缩机，分别使用R717、R22、R134a作为工质进行气阀运动规律的模拟，得到了气阀在不同工质、不同工况、以及不同设计参数下的阀片运动曲线。通过比较所得到的阀片运动曲线，发现气阀运动规律对于不同工质、工况是有差异的。数值模拟和理论分析的结果表明：气阀对工质、工况具有一定的适应性要求。采用新的制冷工质时，应首先对气阀运动规律进行分析。当原压缩机设计参数已经不能适应新工质的要求时，在压缩机结构参数变动不大的条件下，可以通过改变气阀弹簧的刚度和细微的调节阀片的升程来使之适应。     

碳氢工质R600a/R1150在低温冰箱中的应用研究

采用碳氢制冷工质R600a/R1150进行实验研究,以低温冰箱为研究对象,对比分析了R600a/R1150与R600a/R23/R14两种混合工质在两级自复叠制冷循环系统中的特性。在不同工况下,对混合工质的几种质量配比进行了对比实验,结果表明,混合工质R600a/R1150在62/38的配比下系统性能最优,此配比下,系统在25℃环境温度下,箱内温度可以达到-80℃,在32℃环境温度下,箱内温度可以达到-77℃。在相同工况下,混合工质R600a/R1150的系统性能优于R600a/R23/R14,前者的箱内温度较后者低约2℃,系统充注量比后者少了36.4%。     

Object-oriented simulation of reciprocating compressors: Numerical verification and experimental comparison

Numerical simulation of reciprocating compressors is important for the design, development, improvement and optimization of the elements constituting the compressor circuit. In this work, an object-oriented unstructured modular numerical simulation of reciprocating compressors is presented. Pressure correction approach is applied for the resolution of tubes, chambers and compression chambers, while valve dynamics are modelled assuming a spring-mass system having single degree of freedom. The modular approach offers advantages of handling complex circuitry (e.g. parallel paths, multiple compressor chambers, etc.), coupling different simulation models for each element and adaptability to different configurations without changing the program. The code has been verified with some basic tests for assuring asymptotic behaviour to guarantee error free code and physically realistic results. Cases with different compressor configurations and working fluids (R134a, R600a and R744) have also been worked out. Numerical results are compared with experimental data and illustrative cases of multi-stage compression are also presented.     

小型制冷压缩机吸气的流固耦合分析和优化研究简

 为了优化压缩机的制冷量、功率、噪音和寿命,以研究无升程限制器的吸气阀运动规律为目标,确立数值模拟和物理试验相互佐证寻求最佳阀片结构的基本思路.将制冷剂的流动场和阀组构成的结构场耦合起来模拟阀片的运动,利用ADINA流固耦合模块(fluid-structure interaction,FSI),基于流体质量、动量、热量守恒定律和平板振动模型,得到了吸气过程中的阀片位移、缸内压力、吸气速度及阀片与阀座接触力的时程变化曲线.分析了阀片设计参数对其动态响应的影响,发现减小厚度可以优化压缩机性能,根据最大有效流通面积准则,得到了WS75YV型号压缩机的吸气阀最小即最优厚度.欧拉坐标系下制冷剂的速度分布及气缸内温度随时间的变化过程的模拟结果表明,压缩机吸气过程存在过热现象.采用第二制冷剂量热计法测量压缩机的制冷量、电机功率和其比值(coefficient of performance,COP),对比压缩机性能的理论和模拟计算值,证明流固耦合模拟方法可行,基于此对压缩机进行设计和优化是可靠的.     

活塞式空压机低频调速时的气阀运行特性分析

针对应用变频调节的空压机气阀工作状况可能产生的问题,对空压机在低频运行时的气阀进行工作特性的数学分析与模拟,确定了使压缩机气阀正常工作及不发生延迟关闭的频率下限,对变频调节压缩机频率范围选择有一定参考作用。     

Dynamic Behaviors of Liquid in Partially Filled Tank in Short-term Microgravity

The oscillation of liquid/gas free surface in a partially filled storage tank caused by an abrupt drop of gravity level is of critical importance for the fluids management in space. In present study we investigate the dynamic behavior of free surface in tank models (tubes) using water as the working medium utilizing the Drop Tower Beijing, which can provide a 3.6s short-term microgravity condition. Meanwhile, the corresponding numerical simulation using volume of fluids (VOF) methods was carried out. It is shown that the dynamic behavior of free surface, which belongs to the typical phenomenon of capillary flow, is affected by the properties of working medium and the geometry and surface properties of the storage tank (especially the contact angle) jointly. The numerical simulation could capture the major characteristic oscillation frequency of free surface revealed by experiment. The oscillation frequency of free surface increases with the increasing air fraction and remains nearly constant at large air fraction. For the same air fraction, the oscillation frequency significantly increases with the decreasing tank diameter.     

A Simulation Study on the Transient Motion of a Reciprocating Compressor Suction Valve Under Complicated Conditions

Stepless capacity control technology for reciprocating compressors is a key contributor to energy saving for the petroleum and petrochemical industries. Devices called “unloaders” are utilized to control the capacity of the compressor by forcibly holding the suction valves open during a variable portion of the compression stroke to control the compressor output. This approach can also lead to various faults of the suction valve. This paper describes the simulation and experimental studies of the transient motion of suction valves under stepless capacity control. Beginning with mathematical models for the normal cycle, improved models of a reciprocating compressor under stepless capacity control have been built. A simulation study of the working process of a double-acting reciprocating compressor has been completed. Theoretical formulas for the transient motion of the valve plate under complicated conditions and the dynamic pressure in the cylinder are compared with the experimental results. Based on the above simulations, a finite element analysis of the valve plate and valve seat has been completed. The experiment results showed that the vibration of the compressor cylinder under complicated conditions was consistent with numerical simulation results. Research presented in this paper is significant in providing tools for diagnosing faults in order to optimize the design of reciprocating compressors that utilize a stepless capacity control system.     

活塞式空气压缩机低频调速时的气阀运行特性分析

对空气压缩机在低频运行时气阀工作特性进行了数学分析与模拟,确定了使压缩机气阀正常工作及不发生延迟关闭的频率下限,可供变频调节压缩机选择频率范围作参考.     

冰箱压缩机吸气簧片阀的数值模拟与优化

给出吸气簧片阀在受到冲击载荷下的动态响应运动特性以及吸气簧片阀有限元形式的数学模型--平板振动系统力学模型.对吸气簧片阀的两维平面薄板振动数学模型采用相对应的有限元法,求解阀片动力学方程和流动方程联立形式的阀片运动规律方程组,用冲击载荷下吸气簧片阀数学模型进行了数学模拟和强度分析,实现对簧片阀动态响应的快速和准确模拟,优化了阀片形状,改善了阀片可靠性.     

蒸发器建模仿真与试验的比较

采用稳态分布参数模型对R134a单元机的蒸发器进行仿真。使用改进的Kattan模型对R134a在光滑管内的流动形式进行划分，从而得出流型图。根据流型图，应用不同表达形式的关联式计算管内局部沸腾换热系数。CCWang的模型用于计算百叶窗形翅片管式蒸发器的表面换热系数及压降。析湿系数通过试验数据建立的数据库确定。在仿真过程中，应用隐式三次多项式拟合模型计算R134a的物性。将仿真结果与试验数据对比发现，仿真值能够较为真实的反映机组的运行状态。通过误差分析得出制冷量的平均相对误差为1．12％，出风干球温度的平均相对误差为1．25％，出风焓的最大相对误差为0．88％，R134a出口温度的平均相对误差为4．0％。     

Theoretical and experimental investigation on the performance of screw refrigeration compressor under part-load conditions

Slide valve is normally employed in screw refrigeration compressor to meet the cooling capacity demanded by the load variation. A mathematical model describing the working process of screw refrigeration compressor with a slide valve assembly under part-load conditions is established based on the calculation of the effective by-pass area and radial discharge area. Experimental investigation on a screw refrigeration compressor under part-load conditions with several evaporation and condensation temperatures is also carried out. Simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. With the validated model, effects of key design parameters, i.e. the installation angles of the slide valve relative to the cylinder and the slide stop length, on the working process and performance of screw refrigeration compressor have been analyzed. These results can be useful for optimum design of the slide valve assembly to improve the energy efficiency of refrigeration system with screw compressor under part-load conditions.     

An experimental investigation and modelling of flow boiling heat transfer of isobutane-compressor oil solution in a horizontal smooth tube

Experimental results of local heat transfer coefficients for the boiling of working fluids (solutions of R600a with mineral naphthenic oil ISO VG 15) in a smooth tube with a small diameter (5.4 mm) are presented. The experiments have been performed in the following ranges: for the inlet pressure from 65.7 kPa to 82.2 kPa, for the heat flux from 2500 to 3300 W m⁻², and for the mass velocity of the working fluid from 11.90 to 15.99 kg m⁻² s⁻¹). The quantitative estimation in reduction of the heat transfer coefficient of the wetted surface in the evaporator at a high oil concentration in the mixture is examined. The influence of heat flux and mass velocities on the values of the local heat transfer coefficients is analyzed. The equation for the modelling of the local heat transfer coefficient for boiling of an isobutane/compressor oil solution flow in the tube is suggested.