SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸掺杂可剥离膜的放射性去污性研究

制备出酸度- 13. 20 相似文献   

淀粉氧化改性对可剥离去污膜的性能影响研究

通过对淀粉进行氧化改性,研究了氧化淀粉对以聚乙烯醇为基体的去污膜相关性能的影响。红外光谱分析表明,氧化淀粉在1733cm-1处有羧基吸收峰产生,10%氧化淀粉制备的去污液稳定时间可达到1673h,去污膜拉伸强度为29.32MPa,断裂伸长率为238%,在400~800nm波长范围内透光率可达到85%以上,对不同材质样片的平均去污率可达80%以上。     

用于混凝土表面放射性沾染清除的剥离型膜材料研究

制备了一种适用于混凝土表面放射性沾染清除的剥离型膜材料,单次去污率高达91.98%以上。采用常见成膜乳液中的水性纯丙乳液、水性醋丙乳液和水性橡胶乳液进行基础配方实验,得出三种乳液的最佳复配质量比为5∶3∶2,此时复配乳液对放射性铀尘的去污率为81.68%。在此配方的基础上,研究了表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和络合剂EDTA-2Na的掺杂量对材料去污性能的影响规律。结果表明:表面活性剂SDBS能通过降低表面张力、增溶等作用提高材料的去污率,当SDBS的质量分数控制在5%时去污率最高达到87.25%,相比于基础配方单次去污率的增幅为6.8%;适量的EDTA-2Na能通过与核素形成金属螯合物来增加去污率,EDTA-2Na的质量分数控制在0.5%~1.0%时材料的去污率最优,达到91.98%~92.23%。     

以Acorga M5640为载体的乳状液膜法分离富集铜

研究了以Acorga M5640为载体的乳状液膜，从低品位铜矿浸出液中提取铜的最优膜配方及工艺条件．结果表明，由Acorga M5640(体积分数6％)、LMS-2 LMA-1(体积分数2％)和民用煤油组成的乳状液膜膜相，在内水相为2～3mol／LH2SO4，外相pH为1．5～4．0，油内比Rd=3：2，乳水比Rew=1：5，提取时间为6min的条件下，铜的迁移率接近100％，二次逆流提取后的富集液中，铜浓度为6．5g／L左右．     

互换电极电解法快速制备高 Al13含量的聚合氯化铝

以AlCl3为原料，采用互换电极电解法制备高Al13含量的聚合氯化铝．本工作对电解过程中Al13的形成机理进行了探讨，并研究了电解电压、Al^3＋的初始浓度、电解液的循环搅拌速度和阴阳电极的互换频率对Al13的合成速度、Al13占总铝的比率及电解所需时间的影响，得出了电解法制备Al13的最佳工艺条件：电极互换频率为1次．min、电解液中Al^3＋的初始浓度为0．5000mol·L^-1、电解电压为12V和0．5L．min^-1的电解液循环搅拌速度，在此条件下电解125min可制得碱化度为82．0％，A113占总铝的比率达91．2％的液体产品．     

陶瓷膜处理肌苷发酵液的研究

以陶瓷微滤膜过滤肌苷发酵液，考察了操作参数对膜通量的影响，结果表明，在pH为3．5，温度70℃，压差0．1MPa，错流速度为3．25m／s条件下操作，有利于提高膜通量；分析了膜的污染行为，在此基础上，获得了有效的膜清洗方法为：以质量分数为1％NaOH和0．2％NaClO混合溶液清洗膜40min后，再以0．5％的HNO3溶液清洗5min，膜通量可迅速恢复．研究表明，采用陶瓷微滤技术来处理肌苷发酵液是完全可行的．     

Sol-gel制备SiO2增透膜的研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料。利用溶胶-凝胶法在碱催化下制备二氧化硅增透膜。详细研究了水解条件、溶胶陈化时间对膜层性能的影响。结果表明氨用量的增加对膜层的峰值透光率及峰值增透波长影响不大,但缩短了溶胶达到最佳涂膜效果的陈化时间,当NH3／TEOS摩尔比为0．9～1．05时,溶胶陈放一周内涂膜效果最佳。研究还发现溶胶折光指数最小时,涂膜后膜层增透效果最好,峰值透光率约98％,并可据此确定溶胶最佳涂膜时间。     

聚苯胺的腐蚀防护机理及其在金属防腐中的应用

聚苯胺作为一种新型的金属防腐蚀保护材料,成为当前的一个研究热点.综述了近年来聚苯胺在金属防腐蚀保护方面的研究应用,阐述了聚苯胺的防腐机理,包括金属钝化理论、屏蔽作用、电场作用、吸附膜理论以及去污作用,讨论了聚苯胺的防腐性能.通过深入研究聚苯胺的防腐机理,研究开发聚苯胺与常规涂料的共混体系且制备可在特殊条件下(如海洋、航空)使用的聚苯胺防腐涂料已经成为未来聚苯胺类防腐材料的研究发展方向.     

自组装壳聚糖接枝聚苯胺/葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器的研究

合成了壳聚糖接枝聚苯胺，并采用静电自组装法制备了壳聚糖接枝聚苯胺／葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器。讨论了温度、pH值、离子强度以及自组装膜层数对传感器电流响应的影响。制备的葡萄糖生物传感器检测范围为0．5mmol／L～16mmol／L，电流响应时间仅为5．2s。     

隔板玻璃表面宽光谱增透膜的制备与性能

利用溶胶-凝胶提拉方法在隔板玻璃表面涂制得到由TiO2与SiO2组成的λ/2-λ/4型宽光谱增透膜。通过溶胶粘度、凝胶时间及红外光谱等研究了TiO2涂膜溶胶的稳定性与相应膜层性能，测试了双层增透膜的透过率、抗高能氙灯辐照性能及使用性能等。结果表明，控制合适的原料配比、降低薄膜烘烤升温速率，可得到适于大面积涂膜的稳定TiO2溶胶，有效改善TiO2膜层质量；隔板玻璃表面增透膜在450-900nm光谱范围内平均透过率高达约98％，使“神光-Ⅱ”第九路主放大器的实际增益提高5．5％-6．5％且具有良好的抗高能氙灯辐照性能。     

粉煤灰漂珠@BaTiO_3@PAn的制备及其电流变性能

聚苯胺(PAn)作为电流变材料具有响应快、屈服应力大的特点,但因其良好的导电性能导致漏电击穿现象发生,为了进一步增加PAn的悬浮稳定性,引入了粉煤灰漂珠(FAFB),BaTiO_3作为经典的电介质材料也引入其中以进一步提高材料的介电性能。采用逐层包覆的思路,利用溶胶-凝胶法在漂珠表面包覆BaTiO_3,获得FAFB@BaTiO_3,再利用原位聚合法制备以FAFB@BaTiO_3为核、PAn为壳的结构复合材料即FAFB@BaTiO_3@PAn。利用FTIR、XRD和SEM对材料的结构与形貌进行分析,借助四探针技术和LCR数字电桥对材料的导电与介电性能进行分析,利用自组装电流变仪进行了电流变特性测试,考察了7d内的悬浮稳定性能。结果表明:BaTiO_3、PAn确实发生了逐层包覆,且电导率、介电常数、介电损耗和剪切应力均符合复合效应规律,介于PAn与FAFB@BaTiO_3之间,其中,剪切应力可达675Pa(电场强度为3.0kV/mm);漏电现象得到缓解,击穿电压提高了20%;比较悬浮稳定性发现,7d后FAFB@BaTiO_3@PAn悬浮率仍为82%。     

聚苯胺复合电极的制备及电化学性能研究

以化学法合成导电聚苯胺，研究了氧化剂和掺杂剂以及反应温度和时间对聚苯胺的产率和电导率的影响。在确定的配方和工艺条件下，聚苯胺的合成产率为94％，电导率在5.6S/cm，将合成得到的聚苯胺掺杂导电粉体制备成高分子是合电极材料，在恒电流上进行充放电性能测试。结果表明，开路电位和放电电位较高，在以4mA/cm^2恒电流放电，终止电位为1．2V时，放电时间可持续16.5h，放电容量大。     

用石墨原子化法测定铝阳极氧化电解着色膜中的铜、镍、锡

了解着色膜中铜、镍、锡的沉积情况,是研究铝阳极氧化电解着色机理的前提.采用硝酸与醋酸褪除着色膜,并将标准曲线法运用于石墨原子吸收分光光度的测定中,从而测定褪除液中的铜、镍、锡含量.所测曲线的线性相关系数分别为 0.999 5,0.999 2和0.995 1;测定试液的加标回收率范围为 93.0%～103.4%;测试结果的相对标准偏差范围为 0.44%～3.70%.试验表明,用硝酸与醋酸褪膜,不仅能有效地去除着色膜,而且还有利于石墨原子化,此法所测结果对铝阳极氧化电解着色的研究具有一定的参考价值.     

The conductive polyaniline/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite fabrics

Conductive composite fabrics were prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics in the aqueous hydrochloride acid solutions using potassium dichromate as the oxidant. The effect of the polymerization conditions such as temperature, oxidant, aniline and hydrochloride acid concentrations was investigated on the electrical surface resistance and polyaniline (PAn) content of PAn/PET composite fabrics. The maximum PAn content and the lower electrical resistance of composite fabrics were observed at the HCl concentrations of 0.25 M and 1.5 M, respectively. The electrical surface resistance of the PAn/PET composite fabrics was decreased under vacuum five-fold more than the ones kept under in air. The properties of PAn/PET composite fabrics such as density, diameter and moisture regain were also investigated in comparison with the those of pure PET. The conductive composite fabrics were characterized by surface resistance, FTIR and TGA techniques.     

酸掺杂聚苯胺表面接枝丙烯酸的结构与性能

将化学氧化法制备的酸掺杂聚苯胺（ＰＡＮ）压制成片，直接或经过氩气辉光放电等离子体处理后，在溶液中以过硫酸氨为引发剂接枝共聚丙烯酸（ＡＡ）。考察了有关实验条件的诸因素对妆枝共聚的影响。并通过反射ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ和ＸＰＳ分析了拉枝表面的结构和形态。结果表明，在过硫酸氨的引发作用下，ＡＡ能在酸掺杂的ＰＡＮ表面发生接枝共聚反应，而经过氩气辉光放电处理后的而志电率则随之下降。ＳＥＭ照片显示ＰＡＮ表面接枝的ＡＡ呈     

掺杂聚苯胺的表面接枝共聚改性

化学氧化法制备的聚苯胺表面的亲水性差，本文在本征态和不同酸掺杂志聚苯胺的表面上接枝共聚丙烯丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺，明显地改善了聚苯胺的表面亲水性。结果显示，聚苯胺表面经过等离子体处理后，有利于丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺在聚苯胺表面上的接枝共聚，随着接枝量增多，导电率则随之有所下降，此外，利用ＳＥＭ和反射ＩＲ表征了改性反聚苯胺表面的形态和结构。     

Electrochemical oxidation of a textile dye wastewater using a Pt/Ti electrode

Textile dye wastewater (TDW) from a reactive azo dyeing process was treated by an electrochemical oxidation method using Ti/Pt as anode and stainless steel 304 as cathode. Due to the strong oxidizing potential of the chemicals produced (chlorine, oxygen, hydroxyl radicals and other oxidants) when the wastewater was passed through the electrolytic cell the organic pollutants were oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. A number of experiments were run in a batch, laboratory-scale, pilot-plant, and the results are reported here according to residence time and initial addition of HCl in raw wastewater. When of 2 ml of HCl 36% were added and after 18 min of electrolysis at 0.89 A/cm(2), chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced by 86%, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) was reduced by 71%, ADMI color units were reduced by 100%, and TKN was reduced by 35%. The biodegradability of the wastewater was improved because the COD/BOD ratio decreased from 2.16 to 1.52. At the same time the efficiency of the electrode was about 170 g h(-1) A(-1) m(-2). and the mean energy consumption was 21 kW h/kg of COD. These results indicate that this electrolytic method could be used for effective TDW oxidation or as a feasible detoxification and color removal pretreatment stage for biological post treatment.     

高铬铸铁中残余奥氏体的X射线衍射定量分析

为了消除高铬铸铁中碳化物对残余奥氏体定量的影响，采用电解方法定量萃取高铬铸铁中的碳化物。经X射线衍射分析，碳化物为（Cr，Fe）7C3。选择碳化物的（411）晶面衍射强度作为标准，测量其它峰的相对衍射强度，得出马氏体与奥氏体（200）晶面的衍射强度校正因子分别为0．12和0．44。校正了碳化物对奥氏体定量分析的影响，可提高测量精度10％以上。     

Metal recovery from spent hydrodesulfurization catalysts using a combined acid-leaching and electrolysis process

This study focuses on recovering valuable metals from spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts using a combined acid-leaching and fluidized-bed electrolysis process. The electrolytic cell was equipped with a glass bead medium, an iridium oxide mesh anode, and a stainless steel plate cathode. An acid solution consisting of concentrated HNO3/H2SO4/HCl with a volume ratio of 2:1:1 was found to be better than the other tested solution (HNO3/H2SO4=1:1) to leach the metals. For the three-acid mixture, the best solid/liquid ratio and leaching time were 40 g/L and 1 h, respectively, at 70 degrees C; under this condition, the leaching yields of target metals (Mo, Ni, and V) in the 1st stage of leaching reached 90, 99, and 99%, respectively, much higher than those in the 2nd/3rd/4th stages. When this acid leachate was electrolyzed for 2 h at 2 A constant current (current density=approximately 35.7 mA/cm2), a stable cell voltage of 5 V was observed. The electrolytic recoveries of Mo, Ni, and V were approximately 15, 61, and 66%, respectively, but extending the electrolysis time from 2 to 4 h did not increase the recoveries. For this operation, the total recoveries (leaching yieldxelectrolytic recovery) of Mo, Ni, and V were approximately 14, 60, and 65%, respectively.