SF6气体分解产物检测仪校准和检测的讨论

检测电气设备保护气SF6中的SO2和H2S等气体的含量,是判断电气设备是否存在故障的一个重要指标.介绍了国产SF6气体分解产物检测仪的检测方法,以及检测过程中所使用气体稀释装置的可靠性验证,并对检测过程中遇到的一些问题进行了讨论.     

分解产物检测技术在特高压工程六氟化硫电气设备安装和调试过程中的应用

采用加装FPD检测器、优化试验条件措施后,便携式气相色谱法能检测出更多的分解产物,并且具备较高的分离和检测效率。在特高压工程六氟化硫电气设备安装和调试阶段,快速准确地对疑似故障设备内SF6气体分解产物进行检测,有助于故障准确定位,类型和严重程度的判断。     

基于SF_6气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备的研究应用

高压交流六氟化硫断路器(GCB)具有较高的可靠性能、合理经济的运行维护成本,在电力系统中应用广泛。本文通过对高压交流六氟化硫断路器的特点及类型介绍,对高压交流六氟化硫断路器设备中断路器、盆式绝缘子、三相共箱主母线等元件进行优化,对SF6绝缘电气设备分解产物在线监测系统研究以及对SF6气体绝缘件的设计研究三方面来具体介绍基于SF6气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备的优化研究情况。     

浅谈在GIS故障判断中SF_6气体杂质含量的分析应用

为了提高设备故障排除效率,保证设备的正常运转。本文笔者就SF6气体分解机理进行简要的分析论述,并对不同故障情况下SF6气体杂质含量特征加以描述,希望通过设备气体含量提升故障判断的准确率,提升设备利用率。     

绝缘油化验分析在大型变压器故障查处中的应用

本文探讨了利用绝缘油中的溶解气体色谱分析判断设备内部是否存在潜伏性故障,并进一步判断故障的性质、部位及发展隋况,结合设备运行和检修情况,再根据电气试验及绝缘油试验结果综合判断变压器等充油电气设备内部故障的技术应用。     

GIS六氟化硫气体湿度超标情况分析及现场处理

介绍GIS开关设备中SF6气体的湿度超标对设备的影响,通过现场工作中处理SF6气体湿度超标的实例,分析设备内部SF气体湿度超标的原因,叙述处理方法及相关流程,得到一些有效的施工经验和注意事项,为检修人员提供参考。6     

变电站室外GIS故障原因及处理措施探讨

在对变电站室外GIS内部放电故障产生的原因进行简单阐述后,对变电站室外GIS内部放电故障常用检测方法进行认真归纳总结。最后,结合变电站GIS设备I母电流互感器间隔气室SF6绝缘气体气压下降故障处理实例,详细介绍GIS设备故障处理方法措施。     

一起GIS设备内部短路引起主变跳闸的事故分析

电力GIS设备在电力系统中具有广泛的应用,GIS是运行可靠性高、维护工作量少、检修周期长的高压电气设备,其故障率只有常规设备的20%～40%。但GIS也有其固有的缺点,由于SF6气体的泄漏、外部水分的渗入、导电杂质的存在、玻璃绝缘子老化及安装工艺等因素影响,都可能导致GIS内部闪络故障。且GIS的全密封结构使故障的定位比较困难,故障点不易查找,事故后平均停电检修时间比常规设备长。所以,尽快的确定故障点是提高事故处理时间的关键。     

电力用六氟化硫纯度检测的色谱分析技术开发

六氟化硫气体作为迄今为止最为优良的气体绝缘介质和灭弧介质,广泛应用于GIS等电力高压电气设备中,六氟化硫气体中含有的杂质气体不仅对其绝缘性和灭弧产生影响,而且会对SF6分解产物的分析造成误判。大量的经验证明,六氟化硫新气中通常含有O2、N2、CH4、CO、CF4、CO2、C2F6、C3F8、CS2和SO2等10种气体杂质,开发对这10种杂质气体的分析方法,对判断六氟化硫新气的质量具有重要的指导意义。采用国家标准GB/T 12022《工业六氟化硫》中推荐的方法无法完成上述10种杂质的分析;目前在电力系统广泛应用的六氟化硫分解产物氦离子化气相色谱法造价高昂。本方法仅需1个氦离子化检测器(PDHID),1个十通阀和2个六通阀,即可实现上述10个杂质的分离和定量分析,仪器成本大幅降低的同时,检出限、重复性和线性等指标均满足分析要求,因此该方法完全可以适用于SF6新气质量评价。     

电气设备中SF_6气体的应用分析

六氟化硫(SF6)具有良好的绝缘性能和灭弧性能,其化学惰性、无毒、不易燃及无腐蚀性,广泛应用于电器工业、金属冶炼等行业。为了符合国际上对环保的要求,很多应用SF6的行业都已经基本停止了SF6气体的使用,或大幅降低了SF6的用量,并且还在不断改进之中。而作为最大消耗量的电气设备方面,国内对SF6的环保要求相对较少,电力设备行业还在不断的拓展SF6设备的应用领域。     

六氟化硫气体中微量杂质分析的研究

用两种气相色谱法测定了六氟化硫气体中微量杂质：Air、CF4、C3F8、SO2F2、SOF2、S2F10O,比较了热导—火焰光度串联法与氦离子色谱法的分析结果,相对误差小于3.0%,并对分析结果中的问题进行了讨论。     

柴油机油烟的燃烧:其可溶有机组分含量对动力学参数的影响

论述了两种可溶有机组分含量(8w %,25w %)的柴油机油烟的燃烧机理。采用加热速率5℃ min～20℃ min非等温条件下的热重分析(TGA),考察了其在空气中的燃烧。应用Ozawa Flynn Wall方法,研究了析出物质的数据资料,并由复变非线性回归方法获得了各动力学参数。两种油烟的析出可根据三段机理予以模定,即:(1)可溶有机组分(SOF)的蒸发,(2)SOF热裂解,(3)炭基质燃烧。由于两种油烟所得的动力学参数非常近似,表明SOF含量对基质燃烧的影响极其有限。     

Differences in coagulation in clotting of vascular access in hemodialysis patients

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) thrombosis is a frequent cause of graft failure. We evaluated coagulation protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors in 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients with AVGs. The goal was to determine whether significant differences in protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors exist among dialysis patients requiring frequent AVG declot procedures vs. those who do not. Twenty HD patients were enrolled: 10 frequent clotters (>3 declots in the previous year) and 10 were nonclotters. Patients on antiplatelets or chronic anticoagulation were excluded. Laboratories were drawn pretreatment and heparinase was added to counteract any potential heparin effect. Coagulation protein concentrations including tissue factor (TF), thrombin/antithrombin III complex (TAT), and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F₁₊₂) were assayed. The time to clot onset was measured by force onset time (FOT). Platelet contractile force (PCF) measured the force produced by platelets during clot retraction, whereas clot rigidity was measured as clot elastic modulus (CEM). FOT, CEM, and PCF were measured by Hemodyne. Both groups had upregulation of the TF pathway, as TF, TAT, and F₁₊₂ levels were similarly increased over baseline levels. Hemodialysis patients with frequent AVG clotting had higher levels of both PCF and CEM compared with nonclotters. Additionally, the frequent clotters had a lower FOT relative to nonclotters, although both were considered in the normal range. Our study suggests that HD patients with recurrent AVG thrombotic events form clots with higher tensile strength compared with HD patients without recurrent graft thrombosis.     

Trends in alcohol-impaired driving in Canada

While a general decreasing trend in the number of persons killed in a traffic crash involving a drinking driver has occurred in Canada since the 1980s, it is evident that much of this decrease occurred in the 1990s. Since 2002, less progress has been made as the number of persons killed in crashes involving drinking drivers remains high. To better understand the current situation, this paper describes trends in drinking and driving in Canada from 1998 to 2011 using multiple indicators based on data collected for the Traffic Injury Research Foundation's (TIRF) Road Safety Monitor (RSM), the National Opinion Poll on Drinking and Driving, and trends in alcohol-related crashes based on data collected for TIRF's national Fatality Database in Canada. There has been a continued and consistent decrease in the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver in Canada. This remains true when looking at the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver per 100,000 population and per 100,000 licensed drivers. This decreasing trend is also still apparent when considering the percentage of persons killed in a traffic crash in Canada involving a drinking driver although less pronounced. Data from the RSM further show that the percentage of those who reported driving after they thought they were over the legal limit has also declined. However, regardless of the apparent decreasing trend in drinking driving fatalities and behaviour, reductions have been relatively modest, and fatalities in crashes involving drivers who have consumed alcohol remain high at unacceptable levels.     

Flow-Induced Instabilities in Pump-Turbines in China

The stability of pump-turbines is of great importance to the operation of pumped storage power (PSP) stations. Both hydraulic instabilities and operational instabilities have been reported in PSP stations in China. In order to provide a reference to the engineers and scientists working on pump-turbines, this paper summarizes the hydraulic instabilities and performance characteristics that promote the operational instabilities encountered in pump-turbine operations in China. Definitions, analytical methods, numerical and experimental studies, and main results are clarified. Precautions and countermeasures are also provided based on a literature review. The gaps between present studies and the need for engineering practice are pointed out.     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

陶瓷超塑性的研究进展

本文综述了氧化锆及其复相陶瓷超塑性的研究现状，论述了陶瓷超塑性的变形机理，微观特征和断裂特性。同时，分析和对比了陶瓷超塑性与金属超塑性的特点。目前，对于正确理解超塑性陶瓷的变形机理，还需进行大量工作。     

Metrology in Chemistry in Germany

The system for Metrology in Chemistry in Germany is described. At the national standards level, a network of high-level chemistry institutes coordinated by the national metrology institute, PTB, provides the primary references for chemical measurements. A dissemination mechanism employs chemical calibration laboratories accredited within the framework of the German Calibration Service (DKD). They act as “multipliers” between the national standards level and the user level by providing the user with calibration means which are traceable to the SI via national standards. Traceability structures in clinical chemistry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis and gas analysis are described     

纳米粒子在润滑材料中的应用进展

介绍了纳米润滑粒子的制备方法,探讨了纳米粒子的润滑机理,包括膜作用机理、类滚珠作用机理和表面优化作用机理.着重综述了纳米粒子在润滑材料中的应用,具体包括:纳米无机粒子可作为添加剂在润滑油、聚合物基复合材料中起抗磨、减摩作用;纳米粒子应用于非聚合物基复合涂层,可形成一种根据环境自我调节的活泼纳米复合涂层,此涂层具有广泛的应用前景.