强脉中电流对铸造ZA27合金性能的影响

在砂型铸造ZA27合金的凝固过程中施加强脉冲电流，测量了得到了试样的力学性能，结果表明，脉冲电流可明显抑制ZA27合金中枝状晶的长大，提高合金的抗拉强度及延伸率。     

脉冲电流参数对内燃机用Ti-44.5Al-3Nb-0.8Si合金凝固组织演变的影响北大核心CSCD

采用脉冲电流方法处理Ti-44.5Al-3Nb-0.8Si合金熔体的凝固过程,并测试不同脉冲电流条件下合金凝固组织性能,对组织结构的变化过程进行了深入分析。实验结果表明:当电流密度与频率都升高后,生成了互相垂直的枝晶结构,以及具有bcc晶体结构的β组织。随着电流密度增加,合金一次枝晶距离发生先降低后升高,最小值发生在电流密度为64 mA/mm^2时;当脉冲电流频率上升后,形成了距离更小的一次枝晶。脉冲电流下合金中形成了许多片层组织。当电流密度升高后,α2/γ相的片层间距发生了先降低后升高;提高脉冲电流频率会引起α2/γ组织的片层间距降低的现象,脉冲电流可以使TiAl合金形成更加细化的片层并提升均匀性。     

电脉冲对2024 铝合金力学性能的影响

目的研究电脉冲辅助作用下铝合金板材的力学性能。方法通过直流电脉冲辅助单向拉伸实验,研究25 Hz频率下,不同电流密度脉冲电流对2024-T4态铝合金的力学性能的影响规律。结果在所通频率及电流密度脉冲电流作用下,随着脉冲电流密度的增加,2024-T4铝合金板延伸率和流变应力均减小,说明所采用参数脉冲电流辅助可以起到降低成形载荷的目的,但不利于提高材料成形极限。结论 25 Hz频率下脉冲电流辅助不利于2024铝合金的塑性提高,却可降低材料的成形载荷,且塑性、成形载荷随电流密度的增加而降低。     

电场对定向凝固类包晶合金凝固组织的影响

为研究直流电流对亚包晶合金凝固过程的影响,选用与亚包晶合金都存在相似凝固过程的AMPD-4.1%SCN透明亚包晶模拟物为研究对象。使用显微镜感光器件(CCD)和智能通讯测温仪表对实验过程进行实时拍照和温度记录,研究了亚包晶透明模拟物在电场作用下的结晶过程和晶体生长规律。结果表明：在电场的作用下,由电迁移效应使定向结晶的亚包晶模拟物的初生β相颗粒逐渐向正极方向迁移,使凝固界面前沿的液相成分与包晶点的成分(0.05%SCN,原子分数)接近,从而促进包晶反应的进行;电场的作用使电流偏聚产生的焦耳热效应和溶质富集引起的成分过冷,使定向凝固的枝晶尖端产生特殊分裂的生长形貌,使枝晶尖端分裂,枝晶间距减小。     

新型熔炼工艺下GH4169合金的凝固组织控制研究

为探求新型熔炼工艺(三联)下GH4169合金大型重熔锭组织调控、元素偏析改善的方法,研究了熔速对氩气保护电渣重熔GH4169合金重熔锭枝晶间距、Laves相的尺寸及分布和显微疏松的影响,定量分析了熔速对组织与成分偏析的影响规律.研究发现:随着熔速的增加,GH4169合金重熔锭边缘处的枝晶间距基本保持不变;中心处二次枝晶间距呈增大趋势.边缘和中心处的疏松尺寸随熔速增加变化平缓,R/2处先增大后减小.心部的Laves相比例较高且随着熔速增加呈上升趋势,而R/2处趋势相反;重熔锭不同部位的偏析区比例随熔速无明显变化.枝晶间距越小,越有利于减轻偏析.     

脉冲电流对0.27%置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金变形行为的影响

对0.27%(质量分数)置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金进行压缩试验,对断口进行观察与分析,研究了脉冲电流对其变形行为的影响。结果表明,脉冲电流使0.27%置氢和未置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金的变形抗力降低和压缩延伸率提高。脉冲电流产生的焦耳热效应,是影响0.27%置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能变化的主要原因。由于电致塑性效应的影响,Ti-6Al-4V合金的断裂形式由延性脆性沿晶断裂向准解理穿晶断裂转变,但是对于0.27%置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金,由于在低温条件下氢脆的影响其准解理断裂特征不如未置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金的明显。     

电磁搅拌频率对Pb-Sn过共晶合金凝固组织的影响

对比分析了磁场和电磁搅拌频率对Pb-80%Sn过共晶合金铸锭凝固组织和宏观成分偏析的影响。结果表明:螺旋磁场可在合金熔体的更大区域内形成流动,使熔体内溶质场、温度场分布更均匀。励磁电流一定时,初生相晶粒尺寸随频率的增大而减小,旋转磁场和螺旋磁场在频率分别为13 Hz和10 Hz时对铸锭凝固组织的改善效果最好,晶粒尺寸由无磁场时的247.3μm分别减小到142.5μm、140.6μm,继续增大频率,凝固组织反而出现粗化和不均匀化。旋转磁场和螺旋磁场均在频率为13 Hz时对成分偏析的改善效果最好,由无磁场时的9.71%分别减小到1.14%、0.34%。     

线性电磁搅拌对K417高温合金母合金锭质量的影响

为了提高高温合金母合金锭的质量,本文提出了在高温合金真空熔铸过程中,施加线性电磁搅拌的真空电磁铸造新技术。使用电子探针和光学显微镜,研究了在真空熔铸的凝固过程,施加工频线性电磁搅拌对K417高温合金母合金锭质量的影响。实验结果表明:在K417高温合金真空熔铸的凝固过程中施加140A的工频线性电磁搅拌,能够细化高温合金母合金锭的等轴晶组织、增加高温合金母合金锭的断面等轴晶比例、大幅减轻枝晶偏析的程度并能将高温合金母合金锭的中心缩松缩孔比率从54%降低到35%,从而使高温合金母合金锭的质量得到明显改善。     

深过冷Cu-30Ni合金单向凝固组织的力学性能

研究了过冷0～210K的Cu－30Ni（原子百分数）合金的组织演化规律．在105～155K的过冷范围内实现了自由生长枝晶的单向凝固，获得了单向凝固的单晶组织.深过冷熔体的微观净化和单向快速凝固，有效地去除了合金中的微细夹杂物，减少了宏观偏析和校晶偏析，显著改善了材料的均匀性，在拉应力作用下材料从沿晶断裂转变为穿晶断裂与常规铸态组织相比，其延伸率、极限抗拉强度和0．2％屈服强度分别提高到原组织的25倍、3倍和1．3倍     

锶对连续定向凝固Al-Si共晶合金组织与性能的影响

本文采用新型的连续定向凝固装置,考察了锶对 Al-12.7%Si 共晶合金连续定向凝固组织及性能的影响。研究表明,在凝固速度为0.02～2.0mm/s 范围内,随凝固速度的增加,Al-12.7%Si合金连续定向凝固组织中共晶 Si 经历了片/纤维转变,且随凝固速度的增加,Si 纤维不断细化,合金的抗拉强度及延伸率不断提高;锶的加入使片/纤维转变的临界速度变小,Si 纤维更加细小,抗拉强度和延伸率明显提高。     

Texture and its effect on mechanical properties in fiber laser weld of a fine-grained Mg alloy

A fine-grained Mg alloy was fiber-laser welded, and microstructures and texture in the welds were extensively examined, together with the effect on mechanical properties. Fusion zone, which has lower hardness than BM and HAZ, consists of columnar grain zone and equiaxed grain zone with coarser grains. Strong texture with the same orientation as base metal forms at columnar grain zone. With decreasing welding heat input, yield strength of the welded joint increases due to the finer microstructures; however, ultimate tensile strength as well as elongation decreases because of the deterioration in deformation capacity induced by the diminishment of the width of equiaxed grain zone.     

高Nb-TiAl合金的高温变形行为及其板材的性能

对高Nb-TiAl合金进行多步热压缩,研究其高温变形行为及其板材的性能。结果表明,热压缩变形后高Nb-TiAl合金的组织中等轴γ晶粒和α晶粒的增多、层片晶团的体积分数和尺寸降低,使其变形能力提高。根据这些结果确定了最优轧制工艺为应变速率低于0.5 s^-1、道次变形量前期应不高于25%、变形温度高于1150℃。选用上述工艺对其其进行5道次大变形量轧制,制备出表面质量良好、无缺陷的高Nb-TiAl合金板材,其尺寸为600 mm×85 mm×3 mm。这种板材具有双态组织,平均晶粒尺寸小于5 μm,其室温屈服强度、抗拉强度和塑性分别为948 MPa、1084 MPa和0.94%,800℃下抗拉强度为758 MPa。     

中间层Ni对TC4/2A14异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

目的 添加0.05 mm厚的Ni箔作为中间层,对3 mm厚的TC4钛合金和2A14铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊,分析Ni对接头力学性能的影响。方法 采用扫描电镜、EDS能谱及XRD衍射等微观表征分析方法,对焊接接头的断口形貌、成分进行分析,探究Ni箔对焊接接头力学性能的影响。结果 由于钛合金和铝合金存在较大的物理化学性能差异,Ti/Al异种金属焊接性较差,界面容易产生TiAl3、TiAl、Ti3Al等金属间化合物,其中脆性相TiAl3对接头性能的影响最大,会导致综合力学性能下降。当加入中间层材料Ni后,由于Ni与Al晶体结构均属于面心立方,因此Ni与Al的扩散系数大于Ti与Al的扩散系数,Ni和Al之间优先形成金属间化合物且弥散分布于焊缝中,从而缩短了Ti与Al之间的相互扩散时间,减少了TiAl3相的生成。结论 在未添加中间层材料时,接头平均抗拉强度为237.3 MPa,约为2A14铝合金母材抗拉强度的56.7%;当添加中间层Ni后,对焊缝中金属间化合物的种类和数量进行了调控,减少了对性能影响最大的TiAl3相的生成,接头平均抗拉强度达到285.3 MPa,为2A14铝合金母材抗拉强度的68%。     

Effect of pulse-current heating multiple forging on mechanical properties of Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy

The effects of pulse current heating on microstructure evolution and mechanical property of Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr magnesium alloy during multiple forging are investigated. The results of uniaxial tensile test show that tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the alloy are improved with the increasing of forging passes. Moreover, under the condition of pulse current heating, this promotion effect is more obvious. The results of microstructure analysis show that recrystallisation occurs during the deformation, and the recrystallisation is obviously accelerated by pulse current. The magnesium alloy billet with fine grains is obtained eventually. Theoretical analysis shows that pulse current can increase the recrystallisation nucleation rate and reduce the rate of grain growth, which is helpful to refine the grains of alloy.     

电弧电流对AZ31B/DP980激光诱导电弧焊接接头成形及力学性能的影响

采用激光诱导钨极惰性气体保护(tungsten inert gas, TIG)电弧焊接技术,在未添加任何夹层和镀层的条件下,通过优化工艺,获得了AZ31B镁合金和DP980高强钢高质量搭接焊接头,重点研究TIG电弧电流对焊接接头成形和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：电弧电流的增大会提高镁合金在高强钢的润湿铺展能力,提升焊缝宽度的同时减小润湿角。镁合金/钢焊接接头的最大拉伸载荷随着电弧电流的增大先升高后降低,接头断裂模式由沿界面断裂转变为沿焊缝断裂。当TIG电流为80 A、激光功率为350 W时,焊接接头最大平均拉伸载荷达到279 N/mm。焊缝宽度和界面层厚度的增大以及激光匙孔的钉扎作用共同提升了镁合金/钢的接头性能。     

Direct Friction Welding of TiAl Alloy to 42CrMo Steel Rods

The effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of direct friction-welded joint between TiAl alloy and 42CrMo steel rods was investigated in this paper. It was found that solid joint between TiAl alloy and 42CrMo steel could be obtained without adding interlayer. After PWHT at 580°C for 2 h, the tensile strength of the joint reached 405 MPa, and fracture happened through the TiAl alloy substrate with quasi-cleavage features. The tempered sorbite formed near the interface, improving the joint strength significantly. It was found that TiFe₂, TiAl, and small amount of TiC brittle phases formed at the interface, and the interfacial layer was as thin as 2–5 µm. The precipitated phases were 1 µm in average size, and distributed discontinuously at the interface.     

Effect of laser incident energy on microstructures and mechanical properties of 12CrNi2Y alloy steel by direct laser deposition

This work aims to establish the effect of laser energy area density(EAD) as the laser incident energy on density, microstructures and mechanical properties of direct laser deposition(DLD) 12CrNi2 Y alloy steel.The results show that the density of DLD 12CrNi2 Y alloy steel increases at initial stage and then decreases with an increase of EAD, the highest density of alloy steel sample is 98.95%. The microstructures of DLD12CrNi2 Y alloy steel samples are composed of bainite, ferrite and carbide. With increase of EAD, the microstructures transform from polygonal ferrite(PF) to granular bainite(GB). The martensite-austenite constituent(M-A) in GB transforms from flake-like paralleling to the bainite ferrite laths to granular morphology. It is also found that the average width of laths in finer GB can be refined from 532 nm to 302 nm, which improves the comprehensive properties of DLD 12 CrNi2 Y alloy steel such as high hardness of 342 ± 9 HV_(0.2), yield strength of 702 ± 16 MPa, tensile strength of 901 ± 14 MPa and large elongation of15.2%±0.6%. The DLD 12CrNi2 Y material with good strength and toughness could meet the demand of alloy steel components manufacturing.     

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the hot extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloys

A new type of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy for degradable orthopedic implants was developed.In the present study,the Zn and Y content was adjusted and their influences on the microstructures and mechanical behaviors were discussed in depth.The results showed that the as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloys are mainly composed of fine dynamic recrystallized grains(DRXed grains),la rge unDRXed grains and linearly distributed secondary phases.The cha nge of Zn content exerts little influence on the grain structure of the extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy,while the increase of Y content would hinder the dynamic recrystallization process and the growth of the DRXed grains,thus the size and volume fraction of the equiaxed DRXed grains decrease.The tensile and compressive properties are very little affected by Zn content because of the similar grain structure.As Y content increases,the tensile yield strength(TYS) and ultimate strength(TUS) increase while the elongation decreases,this is caused by a combined strengthening effect of grain refinement,texture,precipitation and twinning.The compressive yield strength(CYS) and ultimate strength(CUS) of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy with diffe rent Y content exhibit a similar tendency as the tensile test.     

搅拌摩擦加工对Al-Si-Fe合金组织和性能的影响

为改善再生铝中富铁相形态,提高其合金性能,本文采用搅拌摩擦加工对Al-Si-Fe合金进行了研究。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能拉伸试验机、显微硬度计及图形分析仪等研究了加工速度对Al-Si-Fe合金组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明:搅拌摩擦加工后,第二相形态由针状、棒状向细小且均匀分布的球状、粒状和短棒状转变,前进侧热机械影响区组织得到一定程度的细化且具有明显的取向,而返回侧热机械影响区的组织则保持铸态形貌特征的组成。加工中心区的富铁相和共晶硅平均长度较基材分别降低了86.5%、37.4%,而圆整度则分别提高了7.8倍和2.1倍以上,富铁相细化效果优于共晶硅;随着加工速度的提高,富铁相的平均长度逐渐增大,而圆整度则逐渐降低;但加工速度对共晶硅的平均长度影响较小,但圆整度逐渐降低。加工区的抗拉强度、屈服强度大幅降低,最高降幅达55.4%,而伸长率最大可提高6.8倍。随着加工速度的提高,其抗拉强度、屈服强度有所提高,伸长率则逐渐降低,最大降幅达到19.3%。搅拌摩擦加工后,Al-Si-Fe合金晶粒细化,材料性能提升。     

Microstructure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by low-power pulsed laser directed energy deposition

Thin-wall structures of Ti-6Al-4V were fabricated by low-power pulsed laser directed energy deposition. During deposition, consistent with prior reports, columnar grains were observed which grew from the bottom toward the top of melt pool tail. This resulted in a microstructure mainly composed of long and thin prior epitaxial β columnar grains (average width ≈200 μm). A periodic pattern in epitaxial growth of grains was observed, which was shown to depend upon laser traverse direction. Utilizing this, a novel means was proposed to determine accurately the fusion boundary of each deposited layer by inspection of the periodic wave patterns. As a result it was applied to investigate the influence of thermal cycling on microstructure evolution. Results showed that acicular martensite, α' phase, and a small amount of Widmanstätten, α laths, gradually converted to elongated acicular α and a large fraction of Widmanstätten α laths under layer-wise thermal cycling. Tensile tests showed that the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Ti-6Al-4V thin wall in the build direction were 9.1%, 17.3% and 42% higher respectively than those typically observed in forged solids of the same alloy. It also showed the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the transverse tensile samples both were ˜13.3% higher than those from the build direction due to the strengthening effect of a large number of vertical β grain boundaries, but the elongation was 69.7% lower than that of the build direction due to the uneven grain deformation of β grains.