基于共旋法与稳定函数的几何非线性平面梁单元

建立一个准确、高效的几何非线性梁单元对于描述杆系结构的非线性行为至关重要。该文基于共旋坐标法和稳定函数提出了一种几何非线性平面梁单元。该单元在形成中把变形和刚体位移分开,局部坐标系内采用稳定函数以考虑单元P-δ效应的影响,从局部坐标系到结构坐标系的转换则采用共旋坐标法以及微分以考虑几何非线性,给出了几何非线性平面梁单元在结构坐标系下的全量平衡方程和切线刚度矩阵;在此基础上根据带铰梁端弯矩为零的受力特征,导出了能考虑梁端带铰的单元切线刚度矩阵表达式。通过多个典型算例验证了算法与程序的正确性、计算精度和效率。     

钢管混凝土拱空间高效双非线性有限元分析

大跨度钢管混凝土空间桁架拱桥的复杂造型使得有限元分析极为特殊,对非线性分析方法的计算精度和效率提出更高要求。采用共旋坐标法,根据共旋坐标系下应变与消除刚体位移后的变形呈线性关系的特点,利用虚功原理无需迭代就能计算出该坐标系下完全粘结钢管混凝土梁单元考虑材料非线性的切线刚度矩阵,再基于场一致性原则导出结构坐标系下考虑几何与材料双重非线性的切线刚度矩阵,从而建立钢管混凝土拱空间高效非线性分析方法。编制了相应的程序,对钢管混凝土模型拱的面内与面外受力进行了计算分析,结果表明在计算精度和效率上是比较满意的。     

四边形八节点共旋法平面单元的几何非线性分析

不同于大部分共旋法研究中所选取的局部坐标系原点及采用的几何一致性原则,该文通过改变局部坐标系原点位置,基于场一致性原则,采用共旋坐标法导出了四边形八节点平面单元在大转动、小应变条件下的几何非线性单元切线刚度矩阵,该单元刚度矩阵虽然不对称,但计算量能明显减少,这在非线性计算中对于减小由于计算机位数限制带来的累积舍入误差和...     

基于混合单元法的预应力混凝土梁非线性分析

利用共旋坐标法提出了一种预应力钢筋混凝土梁非线性分析的混合单元模型,在随转坐标系内,采用分层梁单元来模拟混凝土结构,带初应变的杆单元来模拟预应力钢筋,预应力钢筋杆元和混凝土梁元的变形协调则通过非线性刚臂来实现,通过刚臂单元两端节点位移和力的关系形成预应力钢筋对混合单元刚度矩阵的贡献,从而导出随转坐标系下预应力混凝土梁考虑材料非线性的切线刚度矩阵,几何非线性则由单元随转坐标系到结构坐标系的转换矩阵及其微分来体现,从而获得结构坐标系下混合单元模型的几何与材料双非线性切线刚度矩阵。数个钢筋混凝土及预应力钢筋混凝土梁非线性分析算例表明:所提出的混合单元模型能较好地分析预应力钢筋混凝土梁非线性性能,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于共旋坐标和力插值纤维单元的RC框架结构连续倒塌构造方法

悬链机制会使钢筋混凝土框架结构产生有助于抵抗连续倒塌的附加承载能力,对结构抗连续倒塌能力至关重要。悬链机制处于几何大变形和材料非线性下降段的状态下,需要同时考虑材料非线性和几何非线性,因此对数值分析模型提出了更高的要求。为了解决基于力插值的纤维单元同时处理材料非线性和几何非线性的问题,该文采用基于共旋坐标法,提出了一种基于共旋坐标法的力插值纤维单元。该单元在形成中把变形体和刚体分开,局部坐标系的变形体内采用纤维划分考虑材料非线性,然后加上刚体位移,从局部坐标系到整体坐标系的转换中采用共旋坐标法以考虑几何非线性,给出了二维单元形成原理及非线性求解过程。实例分析结果表明基于共旋坐标法的力插值纤维单元能够较准确的模拟RC框架结构连续倒塌,梁机制阶段主要是材料非线性起控制作用,悬链线机制阶段主要是几何非线性起控制作用。     

基于静力凝聚的高精度变截面梁单元及其几何非线性分析研究

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁单元基本假定,通过静力凝聚获得截面特性沿单元轴向连续变化的变截面梁单元高精度刚度矩阵,并提出一种基于随动坐标法求解变截面梁杆结构大位移、大转动、小应变问题的新思路。首先依据插值理论和非线性有限元理论推导出三节点变截面梁单元的切线刚度矩阵,然后使用静力凝聚方法消除中间节点自由度,从而得到一种新型非线性两节点变截面梁单元。结合随动坐标法,在变形后位形上建立随动坐标系,得到变截面梁单元的大位移全量平衡方程。实例计算表明,该新型变截面梁单元具有较高的计算精度,可应用于变截面梁杆系统大位移几何非线性分析。     

大转动平面梁有限元分析的共旋坐标法

虽然大转动平面梁单元已有很多,但其中许多太复杂,缺乏计算效率,值得改进。采用共旋坐标法准确的首次导出了平面梁单元发生大转动小应变时的非对称单元切线刚度矩阵,利用这一非对称的单元切线刚度矩阵由Newton-Raphson迭代法编制了一个FORTRAN程序NPFSAP,并获得了大转动梁、方形和圆形框架的高精度数值解,表明了这种非线性单元列式的正确性和非线性求解过程的收敛性,非对称单元切线刚度矩阵值得推介。     

基于场一致性的可带铰空间梁元几何非线性分析

虽然关于几何非线性分析的空间梁单元研究成果较多,但这些单元均是基于几何一致性得到的单元刚度矩阵,而基于场一致性的单元研究则较少,该文基于局部坐标系(随转坐标系)下扣除结构位移中的刚体位移得到的结构变形与结构坐标系下的总位移的关系,直接利用微分方法导出两者增量位移之间的关系,再基于场一致性原则,最终获得空间梁单元在大转动、小应变条件下的几何非线性单元切线刚度矩阵,在此基础上根据带铰梁端受力特征,导出了能考虑梁端带铰的单元切线刚度矩阵表达式,利用该文的研究成果编制了程序,对多个梁端带铰和不带铰的算例进行了空间几何非线性分析,计算结果表明这种非线性单元列式的正确性,实用价值较强。     

空间薄壁截面梁非线性有限单元模型

基于Timoshenko梁理论和Vlasov薄壁杆件理论,通过设置单元内部节点并对弯曲转角和翘曲角采取独立插值的方法,建立了可考虑横向剪切变形和扭转剪切变形及其耦合作用、弯扭耦合、以及二次剪应力影响的空间薄壁梁非线性有限元模型。以更新的拉格朗日格式描述的几何非线性应变推得几何刚度矩阵。同时考虑了材料非线性,假定材料为理想塑性体,服从Von Mises屈服准则和Prandtle-Reuss增量关系,采用有限分割法,由数值积分得到空间薄壁梁的弹塑性刚度矩阵。算例表明该文所建梁单元模型具有良好的精度,适用于空间薄壁结构的有限元分析。     

充气薄膜褶皱分析的高效互补有限元列式

褶皱变形是柔性薄膜结构的一种常见的失稳模式,其数值模拟具有挑战性。基于连续体和张力场理论,提出了一种适用于充气薄膜结构褶皱分析的互补共旋有限元方法。采用共旋坐标法,将物体的大变形分解为结构整体坐标系下的刚体运动和单元局部坐标系下小应变变形,推导了一个空间三节点三角形膜单元的切线刚度矩阵。该刚度矩阵包含材料刚度、旋转刚度和平衡投影刚度矩阵三个部分,涵盖了随动载荷对单元刚度的影响。在单元局部坐标系下,依据双模量材料本构关系构造了一个褶皱模型,能够判断单元处于“张紧”“褶皱”或“松弛”状态。进一步通过建立等价的线性互补问题,消除了迭代求解过程中的内力振荡,改善了算法的稳定性。数值算例表明:该文方法能够准确地预测充气薄膜结构的位移、应力以及褶皱区域。较之已有的“拟动态”和“惩罚”方法,该方法不需要引入额外的求解技术来保证收敛,具有良好的稳定性。     

A four‐node corotational quadrilateral elastoplastic shell element using vectorial rotational variables

A four‐node corotational quadrilateral elastoplastic shell element is presented. The local coordinate system of the element is defined by the two bisectors of the diagonal vectors generated from the four corner nodes and their cross product. This local coordinate system rotates rigidly with the element but does not deform with the element. As a result, the element rigid‐body rotations are excluded in calculating the local nodal variables from the global nodal variables. The two smallest components of each nodal orientation vector are defined as rotational variables, leading to the desired additive property for all nodal variables in a nonlinear incremental solution procedure. Different from other existing corotational finite‐element formulations, the resulting element tangent stiffness matrix is symmetric owing to the commutativity of the local nodal variables in calculating the second derivative of strains with respect to these variables. For elastoplastic analyses, the Maxwell–Huber–Hencky–von Mises yield criterion is employed, together with the backward‐Euler return‐mapping method, for the evaluation of the elastoplastic stress state; the consistent tangent modulus matrix is derived. To eliminate locking problems, we use the assumed strain method. Several elastic patch tests and elastoplastic plate/shell problems undergoing large deformation are solved to demonstrate the computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed formulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient formulation for dynamics of corotational 2D beams

The corotational method is an attractive approach to derive non-linear finite beam elements. In a number of papers, this method was employed to investigate the non-linear dynamic analysis of 2D beams. However, most of the approaches found in the literature adopted either a lumped mass matrix or linear local interpolations to derive the inertia terms (which gives the classical linear and constant Timoshenko mass matrix), although local cubic interpolations were used to derive the elastic force vector and the tangent stiffness matrix. In this paper, a new corotational formulation for dynamic nonlinear analysis is presented. Cubic interpolations are used to derive both the inertia and elastic terms. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach is more efficient than using lumped or Timoshenko mass matrices.     

An equilibrium-based formulation with nonlinear configuration dependent interpolation for geometrically exact 3D beams

This article describes a novel equilibrium-based geometrically exact beam finite element formulation. First, the spatial position and rotation fields are interpolated by nonlinear configuration-dependent functions that enforce constant strains along the element axis, completely eliminating locking phenomena. Then, the resulting kinematic fields are used to interpolate the spatial sections force and moment fields in order to fulfill equilibrium exactly in the deformed configuration. The internal variables are explicitly solved at the element level and closed-form expressions for the internal force vector and tangent stiffness matrix are obtained, allowing for explicit computation, without numerical integration. The objectivity and absence of locking are verified and some important numerical and theoretical aspects leading to a computationally efficient strategy are highlighted and discussed. The proposed formulation is successfully tested in several numerical application examples.     

On best‐fit corotated frames for 3D continuum finite elements

We discuss a strategy to construct corotated frames for three‐dimensional continuum finite elements by minimizing deformations within the frame. We find that irrespective of the type of element and the number of nodes, using a quaternion parametrization of rotations, this minimization is naturally stated as computing the smallest eigenvalue of a 4 × 4 matrix. The simplicity of this smallest eigenvalue plays a crucial role when linearizing the kinematics. Ensuant quaternion algebra, although lengthy, results in remarkably simple formulas for projections that arise in the linearized kinematics. The exact stiffness matrix does not require computation of the second derivative of the rotation function and is also given by a simple formula. As a result, the implementation of this corotational formulation becomes particularly straightforward. Furthermore, in contrast to other results in the literature, the stiffness matrix for elements with translational DOFs is symmetric. For illustration, this corotational formulation is applied to a solid‐shell finite element, and numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型协同转动3节点三边形壳单元

发展了一种新型3节点三边形壳单元。计算单元在局部坐标系下的节点变量时,通过采用协同转动法,预先扣除节点整体变量中的刚体转动成分,从而简化了单元的计算公式。不同于现有的其他协同转动单元,在该单元中采用了增量可以直接累加的矢量型转动变量,单元的切线刚度矩阵可以通过直接计算能量泛函对节点变量的二阶偏微分得到,且对节点变量的偏微分次序是可以互换的,因而在局部和整体坐标系下都得到了对称的单元切线刚度矩阵。为消除单元中可能出现的闭锁现象,引入了MacNeal提出的线积分法,分别用沿单元边线方向的膜应变和剪切应变构造新的假定应变场。最后,通过对几个产生了大位移与大转角变形的板壳问题进行分析,检验了该单元的可靠性、计算精度和计算效率。