放电等离子烧结制备Sn微合金化Ti3AlC2/TiAl复合材料的微观组织演变和力学性能

目的 采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）法,引入增强相Ti₃AlC₂制备Ti₃AlC₂/Ti Al复合材料,添加Sn元素进行微合金化并加速复合材料烧结致密化过程,优化Ti Al合金的力学性能和高温抗氧化性能,并探索高效制备技术。方法 以Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb、Ti₃Al C₂和Sn粉为原料,通过引入2%（质量分数）Sn元素,促进烧结致密化并降低烧结温度,在900～1 300℃的温度范围内烧结,研究不同烧结条件下材料的微观组织和力学性能,并对900℃高温抗氧化性能进行评估。结果 未添加Sn元素时,复合材料孔隙较多,致密度为92.3%,添加Sn元素后,致密度提高至99.5%。复合材料的抗压强度和压缩率随着烧结温度的升高而增大,在1 300℃/50 MPa/10 min的烧结条件下,复合材料的抗压强度和压缩率分别达1 672 MPa和21.4%。在900℃氧化300 h后,复合材料表面形成致密的Al₂O₃保护层,阻止O原子进一步向基体扩散,氧化增重仅为1.37%,显著低于Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的2.94%。结论 增强相Ti₃AlC₂的引入和Sn微合金化显著提升了Ti Al基复合材料的致密性、力学性能和抗氧化性。SPS技术是一种高效制备高性能Ti Al基复合材料的手段,为其在高端装备中的应用提供了新思路。     

石墨烯/钛基复合材料的界面反应控制、微观组织和压缩性能

将Ti6Al4V(TC4)粉末与少层石墨烯(GR)粉末进行三维机械旋转混合,实现了GR在TC4球形粉末表面的均匀包覆,经放电等离子烧结(SPS)得到增强相呈三维网络状分布的GR/TC4复合材料。对不同的SPS烧结温度、保温时间、升温速率和轴向压力对GR与钛基体原位界面反应程度的影响进行了研究,并对界面处不同GR/TC4比例的网状结构复合材料的物相结构、显微组织及室温压缩性能进行了系统性的研究。结果表明,烧结温度和升温速率是影响GR与基体反应程度的主要因素,压力主要影响材料致密度,低温高压快速烧结可以降低GR与基体的反应程度,但高比例的GR残留并没有带来力学性能的大幅提升。对于0.25wt%的GR添加量,GR的反应比例约为70%～80%能得到更加良好的异质界面的结合,获得综合力学性能优异的GR/TC4协同增强的钛合金基复合材料。GR在钛合金基体中的三维网络状分布能调控钛基复合材料的强度与塑性的矛盾。     

高体积分数的 SiCp/Al复合材料的 SPS致密化机理研究

运用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术制备出体积分数达60％,致密度达99％的SiCp／Al复合材料．从烧结工艺的控制及电场的影响两方面对SPS烧结SiC,／Al复合材料的机理进行了研究,认为SPS烧结SiCp／Al复合材料的致密化过程主要依靠烧结温度、压力及升温速率的合理搭配,使Al熔融粘结SiC颗粒,而又不溢出模具;烧结过程中未发现明显的放电现象,可能由于电场太弱不足以引发放电．     

SPS法制备β-Si3N4／MoSi2基复合材料的工艺研究

本文用放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备了β—si3N4／MoSi2基复合材料,研究了烧结工艺对B—Si3N4／MoSi2基复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明：当烧结温度为1450℃,升温速率为100℃／min,B—Si3N4含量为20％时,β-Si3N4／MoSi2基复合材料的组织与性能较优。     

机械合金化-放电等离子烧结Al2Cu颗粒增强Al基复合材料的制备

以Al粉和Cu粉为原料,采用机械合金化(MA)和放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺,原位合成了致密的Al₂Cu/Al块体复合材料,着重研究了MA过程中粉末的形貌、尺寸和物相结构的变化以及SPS后复合材料的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明: 在MA过程中,随着MA时间延长,部分Cu原子逐渐固溶于Al原子晶格中,形成均匀过饱和的固溶体Al(Cu);在SPS过程中,Cu从过饱和固溶体中析出并与Al反应形成Al₂Cu颗粒,且弥散分布于Al基体中,形成Al₂Cu/Al复合材料;Al₂Cu/Al复合材料的致密度高达98.7%,室温下的压缩断裂强度为611.3 MPa,延伸率为9.6%,具有良好的力学性能。     

无压烧结Ti3SiC2/铝基复合材料组织与性能

MAX相具有独特的层状晶体结构,不但具备常用铝基复合材料外加陶瓷颗粒的性能特征,同时具有可与石墨媲美的摩擦性能.本文以Al粉、Si粉和典型MAX相Ti_3SiC_2为原料,采用冷压成型-无压烧结方法制备了Ti_3SiC_2/Al-Si复合材料,并通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析手段,研究了烧结温度、Si元素含量对复合材料组织与性能的影响.研究表明:随着烧结温度从500℃提高到700℃,复合材料致密度先上升后下降,摩擦系数先降低后上升,硬度逐渐增大至最大值并基本保持稳定;随着Si质量分数从0增加到20.7%,复合材料的致密度逐渐降低,硬度逐渐增大,摩擦系数先降低后增大,晶粒尺寸随之下降,12.5%Si晶粒最为细小;烧结温度为650℃,Si元素质量分数为12.5%的铝基复合材料具有最低的摩擦系数0.18,相应的硬度为62 HV,致密度为92.12%.XRD物相和扫描电镜组织分析表明,复合材料的主要相组成为Al、Ti_3SiC_2,及由界面反应产生的Al_4C_3和Al的氧化产物Al_2O_3.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料强韧化机制的研究新进展

轻质高强高韧铝基复合材料已成为汽车、航空航天及5G通讯等领域轻量化发展的重要基础材料之一.但高强度与高韧性不兼备以及加工成形性差成为限制其发展的瓶颈,铝基复合材料的强韧化成为近年来的研究热点.本文综述了颗粒增强铝基复合材料力学性能的主要影响因素以及强韧化机制方面的最新研究进展,特别是关于增强颗粒的构型化设计对高性能铝基复合材料强韧性的重要影响,以及非均匀材料中的异质变形诱导(HDI)强化新机制,并展望了其未来研究和发展趋势,为开发高性能的铝基复合材料提供理论指导.     

陶瓷颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备与性能

陶瓷颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料是近年来开发的一种新材料。本文介绍了各种陶瓷颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备方法及组织性能研究现状。认为今后一段时期应着重研究以下几方面问题：对泡沫铝基复合材料制备工艺做进一步的研究，优化工艺参数，使工艺更稳定可靠；分析陶瓷颗粒对泡沫铝基复合材料发泡工艺、气泡尺寸及形状的影响．深入探讨其机理，进一步解决气孔结构和均匀性问题；系统研究泡沫铝基复合材料微观组织及界面结合形态；系统研究泡沫铝基复合材料的机械性能、物理性能及其影响因素，为该类材料的应用奠定理论基础；广泛开展泡沫铝基复合材料的推广应用研究，使之尽快为工农业生产的发展做出贡献。     

镀铜石墨烯增强钛基复合材料的组织及性能研究

本实验通过超声搅拌加球磨的方式制备了镀铜石墨烯(GNPs)增强Ti6Al4V(TC4)钛基混合粉体,将粉体压制后采用微波烧结制备GNPs-Cu/Ti6Al4V复合材料.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、显微硬度、室温压缩和摩擦磨损等测试手段,研究了石墨烯含量对钛基复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:各石墨烯含量的钛基复合材料均出现Ti2 Cu、TiC相,当石墨烯含量为0.5％时出现GNPs相,且含量越高GNPs相的峰越高.随着石墨烯含量增加,钛基复合材料的相对密度、显微硬度、室温压缩强度和耐磨性先增加后降低,其中石墨烯含量为0.8％时复合材料的性能最好.与未加入石墨烯的Ti6Al4V基体相比,石墨烯含量为0.8％的GNPs-Cu/Ti6Al4V复合材料的显微硬度和压缩强度分别提高80.9％、69.9％.GNPs/Ti6Al4V和GNPs-Cu/Ti6Al4V复合材料的压缩强度分别比Ti6Al4V基体高33.2％和69.9％.微波烧结制备GNPs-Cu/Ti6Al4V复合材料的压缩强度分别比真空烧结和热压烧结高41.6％、22.9％.GNPs-Cu/Ti6Al4V复合材料的磨损机制为磨粒磨损与粘着磨损共存.     

Sintering behavior and effect of ternary additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni–Fe-based alloy

The sintering behavior and effect of ternary additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni–Fe-based alloy were investigated, with the ternary additions Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Ta, and Ti. The effect of the different ternary additions was more obvious when comparing Ni40Fe10X (X?=?Al, Ti) and the rest of the alloys, with the former having better density and hardness than the latter. Sintered densities close to theoretical (≥98%), excluding Ni40Fe10Mo, were achieved. Interestingly, the visible porosity regions in all the samples were very small in agreement of the high sintered densities observed. The shrinkage rate was similar for all the alloys, and three peaks were observed, the first two peaks merged, and overall all the peaks were indicative of the phenomena responsible for good densification. The hardness measurement revealed that samples with poor homogeneity and those with clusters of ternary element addition in the microstructure had no hardness improvement compared to the base binary alloy. For alloys with Al, Cr, and Ti, fracture surface SEM morphology revealed the intergranular fracture of the grains and the ductile tearing of the binding phase, typical dimple structure of a ductile material; therefore, the mechanical properties of these samples are improved, while the rest of the alloys were characterized with peeling of very fine spherical particles and varying grain size and consequently compromising its mechanical properties.     

烧结温度对(Ti5Si3+TiC+TiB)/Ti复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

为了获得性能优异的钛基复合材料和解决单一增强相对性能提升有限等问题,以Ti粉、SiC粉、TiB₂粉、C粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法,在不同烧结温度下原位自生制备了(Ti₅Si₃+TiC+TiB)/Ti复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、万能试验机等设备表征了复合材料的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:随烧结温度的升高,复合材料的致密度提高,平均晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;烧结温度的升高使增强相数量增加的同时减少了较低烧结温度下的团聚现象。复合材料的洛氏硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度随烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,断裂应变下降不显著。在1 300 ℃下,(Ti₅Si₃+TiC+TiB)/Ti具有最佳的综合力学性能,烧结态试样的抗压强度达到最高2 435 MPa,屈服强度1 649 MPa,洛氏硬度49.1HRC,断裂应变28.7%。分析可知,微米尺寸的TiC、TiB和亚微米尺寸的Ti₅Si₃增强相的协同作用在显著提高复合材料强度的同时也保持了一定的塑性。(Ti₅Si₃+TiC+TiB)/Ti复合材料的增强方式以细晶强化、弥散强化和载荷传递强化为主。     

Preparation and mechanical properties of laminated zirconium diboride/molybdenum composites sintered by spark plasma sintering

Laminated ZrB₂/Mo composites, alternately consisting of matrix layers of 80 vol.% ZrB₂ + 10 vol.% nano-SiC whiskers + 10 vol.% SiC particles and Mo interlayers, with the addition of Si and B as interlayer adjusting agent, were prepared by roll-compaction and spark plasma sintering (at 1600°C) process. XRD and SEM techniques were used to characterize the phases and microstructure of the obtained composites. The results showed that without the addition of Si and B in the interlayer, interfacial debonding between the matrix layer and interlayer often occurred due to the thermal mismatch between the two kinds of layers. However, the interfacial mismatch could be effectively inhibited by the addition of Si and B to the Mo interlayers. The laminated ZrB₂/Mo composites with 6 at.% Si and 4 at.% B in the interlayers showed the highest bending strength at (451±20) MPa and the highest fracture toughness at (7.52±0.12) MPa·m^?. MoB, ZrB and Mo5SiB2 were formed by the reactions among ZrB₂, Mo and the additions.     

烧结温度对焦磷酸钙/Ti-35Nb-7Zr复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响

为改善β型Ti-Nb-Zr合金的生物活性,添加20wt%的焦磷酸钙(CPP)生物陶瓷,利用放电等离子烧结技术制备20CPP/Ti-35Nb-7Zr生物复合材料。借助XRD、SEM及力学测试方法等研究不同烧结温度(1 000~1 200℃)下复合材料的微观组织及力学性能,揭示其组织演变对力学性能的影响机制。结果表明:20CPP/Ti-35Nb-7Zr复合材料主要由β-Ti相基体、少量残留α-Ti相及金属-陶瓷相(CaTiO_3、Ti_2O、CaO、CaZrO_3和TixPy)组成;随着烧结温度升高,复合材料中β-Ti相和金属-陶瓷相逐渐增多;金属与陶瓷之间的剧烈反应导致金属-陶瓷相的形态结构发生变化,复合材料中金属-陶瓷相从颗粒状析出物演变成连续网状组织,起到割裂基体的作用。20CPP/Ti-35Nb-7Zr复合材料的压缩弹性模量和抗压强度随着烧结温度的升高而增大,其中压缩弹性模量从64.0GPa增加至71.4GPa,金属-陶瓷相形态结构变化起主导作用。因此,控制20CPP/Ti-Nb-Zr复合材料中金属-陶瓷相的形态结构将有利于改善其力学性能。     

Structure of double interfaces system of Si3N4/SiO2/Si irradiated by γ-rays

The interfacial structures of double interfaces system of Si₃N₄/SiO₂/Si were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after ⁶⁰Co radiation. The experimental results demonstrate that there existed two interfaces, one consisted of Si₃N₄ and SiO₂, while another was made of Si and SiO₂, the interface between SiO₂ and Si was extended towards the interface of the Si₃N₄/SiO₂ meanwhile the center of the former interface was removed in the direction of the latter interface by ⁶⁰Co. The concentration of silicon in the Si₃N₄ state (BE 101.8 eV) was decreased with the variation of radiation dosage as well as bias field within the SiO₂-Si interface, remarkably. The mechanism for the experimental results is analyzed.     

Effects of talc and clay addition on pressureless sintering of porous Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript> ceramics

Porous Si₃N₄ ceramics were successfully synthesized using cheaper talc and clay as sintering additives by pressureless sintering technology and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the ceramics were also investigated. The results indicated that the ceramics consisted of elongated β-Si₃N₄ and small Si₂N₂O grains. Fibrous β-Si₃N₄ grains developed in the porous microstructure, and the grain morphology and size were affected by different sintering conditions. Adding 20% talc and clay sintered at 1700°C for 2 h, the porous Si₃N₄ ceramics were obtained with excellent properties. The final mechanical properties of the Si₃N₄ ceramics were as follows: porosity, P ₀ = 45·39%; density, ρ = 1·663·g·cm⁻³; flexural strength, σ _b (average) = 131·59 MPa; Weibull modulus, m = 16·20.     

pH controlled dispersion and slip casting of Si3N4 in aqueous media

The dispersion characteristics of commercial Si₃N₄ powder in aqueous media (deionized water) was studied as a function of pH in the range 2–11. The slip was characterized for its dispersion quality by various experimental techniques like particle size analysis, sedimentation phenomena, viscosity and flow behaviour and zeta potential analysis. The optimum dispersion was found to be in the pH region 9–11 wherein the slurry displayed minimum sedimentation height, minimum viscosity, near Newtonian flow behaviour and maximum zeta potential. The slip is highly agglomerated in the pH range 2–8 as manifested by higher sedimentation height, higher viscosity, lower zeta potential and thixotropic non-Newtonian flow behaviour. The 72 wt% (44 vol.%) Si₃N₄ slips made at pH = 10 resulted in green bodies having 53–59% of theoretical density after casting into plaster molds.     

Potential use of only Yb2O3 in producing dense Si3N4 ceramics with high thermal conductivity by gas pressure sintering

Abstract

Yb₂O₃ is an efficient sintering additive for enhancing not only thermal conductivity but also the high-temperature mechanical properties of Si₃N₄ ceramics. Here we report the fabrication of dense Si₃N₄ ceramics with high thermal conductivity by the gas pressure sintering of α-Si₃N₄ powder compacts, using only Yb₂O₃ as an additive, at 1900 °C under a nitrogen pressure of 1 MPa. The effects of Yb₂O₃ content, sample packing condition and sintering time on the densification, microstructure and thermal conductivity were investigated. Curves of the density plotted against the Yb₂O₃ content exhibited a characteristic ‘N’ shape with a local minimum at 3 mol% Yb₂O₃ and nearly complete densification below and above this concentration. The effects of the sample packing condition on the densification, microstructure and thermal conductivity strongly depended on the Yb₂O₃ content. The embedded condition led to more complete densification but also to a decrease in thermal conductivity from 119 to 94 W m^-1 K^?1 upon 1 mol% Yb₂O₃ addition. The sample packing condition had little effect on the density and thermal conductivity (102–106 W m^?1 K^?1) at 7 mol% Yb₂O₃. The thermal conductivity value was strongly related to the microstructure.