二次谱法在线谱检测中的应用

本文对语音信号处理领域发展起来的一种二次谱方法进行了研究改进,应用于海上实艇信号的线谱检测。由一次谱经开根运算和付里叶变换所得的二次谱具有分离周期信号和随机噪声的特性,可提取信号,抑制噪声,提高信噪比。在PC机上编制了处理程序,对模拟信号和海上实艇信号进行了线谱检测。和自功谱方法的检测效果相比较,本方法对多谐波成份线谱信号提高了检测性能,对海洋起伏噪声具有抑制能力。     

一种恒虚警线谱检测算法研究

提出基于高低分辨率功率谱匹配度估计的线谱检测算法,该算法对信号分别进行高分辨率功率谱估计和多段低分辨率功率谱估计,然后以高分辨率功率谱估计为模板,用多段低分辨率功率谱估计进行校验的方式进行线谱检测。基于单频信号加高斯白噪声假设条件,理论上导出该检测方法的检测率和虚警率,并进行了仿真验证。与传统的线谱检测方法相比,该线谱检测算法不需要预知噪声功率谱,且具有恒虚警的特点。在车辆目标远距离声学检测应用中,该检测算法具有较好的检测性能。     

基于Langevin型随机共振的水中目标线谱检测

将Langevin型双稳态随机共振系统应用于水声时变线谱信号的检测，提出了设计水声线谱检测系统可以利用的外在参数。在水听器端建立了时变线谱模型，考查了随机共振系统对水声环境的适应能力。实验发现在信噪比变化、声压起伏、线谱漂移等情况下，系统都能较好的工作，为水声领域新型线谱检测系统的设计提供了依据。     

线谱激励的混沌隔振研究

一般的线性被动隔振系统因具有频率保持性而不能彻底隔离线谱激励，而对于非线性隔振系统则可能改变系统的频谱结构，特别是处于混沌状态时它的频谱是连续的宽频特性以消除或减弱特征线谱进行了研究。结果表明混沌隔振不仅对线谱有较好的隔离效果，而且整体隔振性能也比较好。     

目标辐射噪声线谱的特征建模与检测

在理论分析的基础上，构造了基于λ水平能量聚点的目标辐射噪声线谱的特征量模型．在利用中值痣波去除信号功率谱中“平台型”的λ水平能量聚点后，计算其λ水平能量聚点作为拟线谱频率，通过拟线谱频率对应周期的整周期延时叠加突出线谱特征，以提高辐射噪声线谱的检测率．理论分析和对仿真信号的计算结果表明，该算法是有效的．     

基于广义高斯噪声模型的低频线谱检测

研究浅海环境噪声中低频线谱的检测问题.首先对实测海洋环境噪声的统计特性进行分析,提出了应用广义高斯分布对海洋环境噪声建模方法.在此基础上,针对低频线谱检测问题,推导了广义高斯噪声场中的最大似然检测器和渐近检测器,给出了弱线谱条件下线谱频率的最大似然估计.最后,利用实测数据对三种检测器的线谱检测性能进行了验证,结果表明:...     

一种估计船舶线谱的联合分析法

线谱是船舶辐射噪声中重要的特征信息，线谱提取是水中目标识别的关键技术。文章简述了船舶辐射噪声的物理成因和频谱特征，利用经典谱估计法与现代谱估计法在短时序列谱估计中的特点，结合Matlab仿真试验的结果，提出了一种对船舶辐射噪声0．100Hz低频段线谱估计的联合分析法。并用该方法对两艘实船噪声进行了谱分析，提取了A型船在中速航行时5．25Hz的特征线谱，B型船存在65．5Hz和69．2Hz两条特征线谱。实验结果表明该方法对低频段的线谱特征提取有明显的实用效果。     

一种基于DOA分布信息熵加权的线谱目标检测方法

针对常规宽带能量检测方法对低信噪比线谱目标检测性能较差的不足,文章在分析目标线谱波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计分布信息熵的基础上,提出一种基于DOA分布信息熵加权的线谱目标检测方法。通过仿真对比分析了该方法的检测性能,并利用海上实验数据验证了其有效性。结果表明,当目标方位较为稳定时,该方法可有效检测低信噪比线谱目标,并可适用存在多个同频线谱目标的情况。     

一种基于线谱特征函数提取LOFAR图线谱的方法

水声信号被动检测中广泛使用LOFAR图对接收信号进行处理和分析。针对LOFAR图中线谱信号检测问题,根据线谱信号特征设计特征函数,提出频域滑动窗线谱特征累积检测法。该方法在频率轴移动观察窗,用多步决策算法计算每个观察窗的最优解,得到最优路径,如果最优路径特征值大于阈值,则累积LOFAR图像素点被该最优路径经过的次数,次数越多对应点为线谱点的概率越大。仿真研究表明,该方法对频率时变、低信噪比的线谱信号具有良好的检测能力,可实现多根线谱的增强与检测。海试数据处理结果证明了该方法的可行性和稳健性。该算法对于辐射线谱信号的水下目标远距离探测识别有较高的参考价值。     

基于局部寻优的噪声特征线谱智能识别算法研究

针对舰船噪声特征线谱的筛选问题,提出一种面向海量数据的线谱特征数据识别算法：噪声谱由连续谱和线谱组成,将连续谱作为该趋势项进行处理,基于最小二乘原理拟合功率谱得到功率谱趋势项,以趋势项为准零基线,将功率谱划分为上下两部分,对零线上不连续的谱线分组并进行局部寻优获取初步特征线谱,根据谱线权重进行峰值排序得到舰船噪声特征线谱。算法实现了特征线谱的有效提取,并通过实测数据验证了算法的有效性,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Two-level atom in a squeezed vacuum with finite bandwidth

Abstract

The resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom driven by a coherent laser field and damped by a finite bandwidth squeezed vacuum is analysed. We extend the Yeoman and Barnett technique to a non-zero detuning of the driving field from the atomic resonance and discuss the role of squeezing bandwidth and the detuning in the level shifts, widths and intensities of the spectral lines. The approach is valid for arbitrary values of the Rabi frequency and detuning but for the squeezing bandwidths larger than the natural line-width in order to satisfy the Markoff approximation. The narrowing of the spectral lines is interpreted in terms of the quadrature-noise spectrum. We find that, depending on the Rabi frequency, detuning and the squeezing phase, different factors contribute to the line narrowing. For a strong resonant driving field there is no squeezing in the emitted field and the fluorescence spectrum exactly reveals the noise spectrum. In this case the narrowing of the spectral lines arises from the noise reduction in the input squeezed vacuum. For a weak or detuned driving field the fluorescence exhibits a large squeezing and, as a consequence, the spectral lines have narrowed linewidths. Moreover, the fluorescence spectrum can be asymmetric about the central frequency despite the symmetrical distribution of the noise. The asymmetry arises from the absorption of photons by the squeezed vacuum which reduces the spontaneous emission. For an appropriate choice of the detuning some of the spectral lines can vanish despite that there is no population trapping. Again this process can be interpreted as arising from the absorption of photons by the squeezed vacuum. When the absorption is large it may compensate the spontaneous emission resulting in the vanishing of the fluorescence lines.     

扩频信号的声光谱相关检测

传统检测扩频信号的声光技术,是将扩频信号建模为随机平稳过程,而扩频信号是被伪随机码调制的周期信号,应建模为循环平稳随机过程。基于声光技术与循环谱相关技术,提出了扩频信号的声光谱相关检测方法。建立了基于声光时间积分的声光谱相关检测模型,分析了当干扰瞄准扩频接收机时,扩频信号在循环频率α=1/Tc的循环谱,给出了循环谱峰的检测公式TcRs1/。仿真实验结果表明,与传统的声光技术检测扩频信号的功率谱相比,在光电检测阵列上检测的循环谱峰,谱峰旁瓣几乎为零,并可多获得约3dB的增益,表明声光谱相关检测方法具有更优异的检测和抗干扰性能。     

基于离散频谱校正的差分吸收光谱数据处理方法研究

差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)常利用傅里叶变换滤波法来滤除光谱数据中的噪声, 但因其频率分辨率的限制,致其幅值误差较大,从而影响气体的测量精度。提出了一种离散频谱校正的差分吸收光谱数据处理方法,利用离散频谱主瓣内的谱线重心求出峰值的坐标,对幅值误差进行补偿,提高气体的测量精度。对不同浓度的SO2气体进行了浓度反演实验,结果表明:频谱校正法的反演误差小于5%,相对于传统的最小二乘法和傅里叶变换滤波法误差分别减少0.36%和0.88%;在谱线漂移两个采样间隔为0.28nm时,传统最小二乘法的平均误差为31.8%,频谱校正法的最大误差则为3.8%,效果明显优于前者。     

Multitaper scan-free spectrum estimation using a rotational shear interferometer

Multitaper methods for a scan-free spectrum estimation that uses a rotational shear interferometer are investigated. Before source spectra can be estimated the sources must be detected. A source detection algorithm based upon the multitaper F-test is proposed. The algorithm is simulated, with additive, white Gaussian detector noise. A source with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0.71 is detected 2.9 degrees from a source with a SNR of 70.1, with a significance level of 10(-4), approximately 4 orders of magnitude more significant than the source detection obtained with a standard detection algorithm. Interpolation and the use of prewhitening filters are investigated in the context of rotational shear interferometer (RSI) source spectra estimation. Finally, a multitaper spectrum estimator is proposed, simulated, and compared with untapered estimates. The multitaper estimate is found via simulation to distinguish a spectral feature with a SNR of 1.6 near a large spectral feature. The SNR of 1.6 spectral feature is not distinguished by the untapered spectrum estimate. The findings are consistent with the strong capability of the multitaper estimate to reduce out-of-band spectral leakage.     

非高斯背景下的频域广义匹配检测

采用广义匹配滤波器在功率谱未知的非高斯噪声中检测宽带信号。在估计功率谱时,为了减小周期图法谱估计产生的误差,采用平滑周期图法来估计非高斯噪声的功率谱,并在此基础上对信号进行恒虚警概率损失下的广义匹配检测。实验表明,用平滑周期图法估计功率谱并进行的广义匹配检测,其检测性能稍弱于功率谱取真值时的检测,但远远优于传统的匹配滤波器。     

Improved identification of noisy spectra using higher-ordered correlation spectral analysis

We used a higher-order correlation-based method of comparison for spectral identification. Higher-order correlations are an extension of the more familiar second-order cross-correlation function and have the significant advantage of being theoretically shown to eliminate noise of unknown spectral density under certain conditions. Specifically, we applied a third-order correlation technique to the identification of similar IR spectra in the presence of noise. We were able to reduce the effects of noise from a second-order correlation measurement by further processing the measurement with a third-order autocorrelation. Our results showed that the third-order correlation-based method increased the probability of detection of a spectrum in the presence of noise, when compared to using a second-order technique alone. The probability of detection increased enough at low signal-to-noise ratios that this technique may be useful when a second-order correlation technique is not acceptable. The third-order technique is applicable to a single experiment, but improved results were found by averaging the results of multiple experiments.     

Experimental comparison of fourier transformation and model-fitting methods of spectral analysis

A summary of the results of an extensive comparative experimental study of Fourier transformation and model-fitting methods of spectral analysis of random time-series data is presented. It is illustrated that Fourier transformation methods can be an essential companion to model-fitting methods even for short data segments with underlying sharp spectral peaks. The best spectrum estimates can be obtained by taking advantage of the strengths of both types of methods. For example, it is shown that detection and estimation of the frequencies of spectral lines for short data segments can be best accomplished using certain parametric methods in conjunction with Fourier transformation methods to aid in model-order selection and identification of spurious peaks in the parametric spectrum estimate, and that estimation of amplitude and phase for sine-wave removal, given frequency estimates, and spectrum estimation after sine-wave removal can often be best accomplished with Fourier transformation methods alone.     

Determination of boron in high-aluminum semiproduct by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

A method to determine boron in a high-aluminum semiproduct by ICP-AES is described. The detection limit is 0.012 wt %. The iron and chromium spectral noise affecting the most sensitive boron lines is studied. It is shown that the Al₂O₃ matrix does not influence the intensity of the analytical signal. The ways to decompose a probe by melting together are compared.