激光立体成形Rene88DT镍基高温合金沉积态组织研究

目的基于激光立体成形(Laser Solid Forming, LSF)过程中所存在的近快速凝固特性,以Rene88DT合金为研究对象,考察激光立体成形Rene88DT沉积态微观组织特征和相形成规律。方法通过LSF技术制备Rene88DT镍基高温合金单道沉积试样,采用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对组织进行观察,并用能谱仪(EDS)对试样中的析出相及微区成分进行分析。结果激光立体成形Rene88DT合金沉积态组织主要由沿趋于平行沉积方向生长的γ柱状晶组成,由于枝晶偏析的存在,以富Nb为主的块状MC碳化物以及板条状η(Ni_3Ti)相于枝晶间区域析出。随着沉积高度的增加,一次枝晶臂间距有所增大,二次枝晶臂逐渐发达,同时,γ'相体积分数和尺寸逐渐减小,沉积层的硬度相应降低。结论尽管激光立体成形熔池凝固已属于近快速凝固范围,熔池凝固过程中,溶质原子同样易于在晶界处形成偏聚,导致晶界弱化,在成形热应力作用下易形成沿晶裂纹。     

金属激光熔化沉积过程双时间步长法多尺度物理耦合场的数值模拟

使用激光金属熔化沉积成形方法制备金属零件时,如果能够提出一种方法来明确宏观工艺参数与成形件内部组织的关系,控制成形件内部组织演变,会提升成形件的力学性能。针对此类问题,本文通过数值模拟与工艺试验相结合的方法,使用双时间步长方法建立多尺度耦合多物理场模型,研究宏观工艺参数对微观组织演变的影响因素。并使用相同的工艺参数对数值模拟模型进行比对验证,得到了相对准确的结果,对激光金属熔化沉积成形过程的控形控性具有指导意义。     

连续/脉冲激光再制造FeCrNiCu合金成形层温度场研究

采用非接触式红外高温测试仪对连续/脉冲激光成形两种模式下激光再制造FeCrNiCu合金成形层温度场进行分析,获取了熔池及热影响区温度场分布的一般规律,验证了脉冲激光工艺在控制热输入和成形形变以及降低熔池及热影响区温度方面的工艺优越性。结果表明:脉冲激光成形热影响区峰值温度为730.4~810.5℃,熔池峰值温度为998.7~1383.4℃,明显低于相同工艺下连续输出模式;脉冲激光成形层具有更快的升温及降温速率,利于形成细晶组织和获得良好的力学性能;实际成形实验也进一步验证脉冲激光工艺具有更小的热影响区范围。     

工艺参数对MIG焊铝铜合金焊缝组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌工艺参数对2219铝铜合金脉冲MIG焊焊缝形状和组织的影响．结果表明，随着磁感应强度增加，焊缝枝晶数量减少，等轴晶数量增加，焊缝由指状熔深变为成形良好的椭圆形熔深．当磁感应强度和频率匹配合适时，焊缝成形良好，焊缝组织几乎为细小的等轴晶．但随着磁感应强度继续增加，焊缝成形变差，焊缝等轴晶数量减少，枝晶数量增多．电磁搅拌频率对焊缝成形影响不大，频率较低和较高时都会降低焊缝组织的细化效果．     

TC4钛合金的激光快速成形特性及熔凝组织

在惰性保护气氛中对TC4钛合金的激光快速成形特性进行了试验研究.结果表明,虽然影响TC4钛合金激光快速成形的工艺参数较多,但其作用是通过对激光沉积特性的影响来体现的.显著影响成形过程沉积特性工艺参数主要包括单层熔覆厚度、单道熔覆宽度、Z轴的单层行程△Z和多道间搭接率,必须对其进行严格控制.成形件的熔凝组织由细小的针状马氏体α'和原始β晶界组成,各层之间为致密的冶金结合.和锻造TC4钛合金相比,激光快速成形过程的快热快冷使α-Ti固溶体的固溶度增大.     

模具钢的激光表面改性研究

利用不同的激光工艺参数对Cr12MoV模具钢表面进行熔覆试验，探讨了工艺参数对熔覆层深度的影响，研究了表面显微硬度的变化趋势及其原因，熔覆层耐磨性能的提高幅度以及组织结构的变化，结果表明：表面硬度在不同程度上都得到提高，硬度峰值出现在次表层；激光熔覆层的耐磨性能提高了47％－76％，微观结构为由平面晶和枝晶构成的共晶组织，并有多种合金相分布在枝晶间。     

喷射成形H13钢的微观组织及形成特点

采用常规铸造和喷射成形工艺分别制备了H13钢,应用OM、SEM、XRD等方法研究了铸态、喷射沉积态及过喷粉的组织。采用LMS-30粒度仪对过喷粉进行了粒度分析。结果表明:铸态H13钢为粗大的枝晶组织,合金元素与碳化物偏析严重,而喷射成形H13钢为细小的等轴晶组织,几乎没有碳化物,含有较多的残余奥氏体。过喷粉是枝晶组织,随粉末尺寸的减小,一次枝晶变小,二次枝晶臂已不明显,是欠发达枝晶组织。雾化压力的增加对小颗粒过喷粉的尺寸和数量影响甚微,但会明显减小大颗粒过喷粉末的尺寸,并增加其数量。喷射成形等轴晶的形成机制在气液比偏小时以未破碎枝晶的均质化与碎断枝晶的连接长大为主,而在气液比偏高时以大量破碎枝晶作为异质形核核心为主。     

ZL201合金的半固态成形组织和力学性能

制备ZL201合金半固态坯料、将其二次加热、触变模锻成形以及成形件热处理,研究了工艺条件对成形件的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:采用近液相线半连续铸造技术制备的ZL201合金半固态坯料微观组织为大量细小的等轴晶和少量短程枝晶;在适当的工艺条件(在640℃保温5 min,模具温度250～300℃,留模时间10～15 s)下可触变成形出表面光洁的ZL201合金成形件;经过T5处理后,ZL201合金的抗拉强度达到278 MPa,延伸率达到9%,大大高于压铸成形件的性能,其强化相为CuAl2和TiAl3.由于成形速度高,溶体高速充型,造成成形件气孔率高,使ZL201合金半固态压铸成形的组织致密度不如半固态模锻成形件,这是半固态压铸件强度低、模锻件强度高的主要原因.     

CMT电弧增材制造GH4169合金的组织和拉伸性能

目的研究冷金属过渡CMT电弧增材制造GH4169合金单道多层薄壁试样的组织和拉伸性能。方法利用CMT增材制造成形系统进行GH4169合金的单壁墙增材制造试验,分析了成形薄壁试样的组织演化和力学性能,讨论了柱状晶组织的各向异性以及均匀化处理对合金力学性能的影响。结果成形试样的显微组织主要为γ相和共晶(γ+Laves)相,试样沿沉积方向具有[100]择优取向。枝晶组织随着沉积层数的增加变得粗大,枝晶间距变大且二次枝晶臂变小,Laves相的取向特征越明显。从底部区域到顶部区域,试样枝晶臂间距λ_1从13.76μm增大到23.27μm。沿柱状晶生长方向的抗拉强度最大,约为774 MPa;而沿电弧行走方向的抗拉强度随沉积层数的增加逐渐减小,断后伸长率逐渐增大,最大抗拉强度约为763MPa。1170℃固溶+时效处理后,原粗大柱状晶形成较小的多边形晶粒,成形试样组织的均匀性提高,沉积方向最大抗拉强度为1222 MPa,沿电弧行走方向最大抗拉强度为1085 MPa。结论 CMT增材制造GH4169合金组织特征与激光增材制造的试样基本一致,热处理前后CMT成形GH4169合金试样抗拉强度均小于激光立体成形,但伸长率更大。     

半固态等温热处理制备非枝晶组织合金坯料的研究进展

半固态等温热处理作为一种比较有发展前途的非枝晶组织坯料制备方法,对其展开研究将有助于丰富半固态金属成形理论和加速该技术的工业化应用.在半固态等温热处理制备非枝晶组织舍金坯料已取得研究成果的基础上,回顾了该技术在工艺因素对非枝晶组织形成的影响、非枝晶组织的形成机理和非枝晶组织坯料的压缩变形特性等方面的研究进展,指出了该技术目前在这些方面还存在的问题,并展望了今后的发展方向.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.