ZnO和CaO含量对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系泡沫微晶玻璃析晶与发泡的影响

以CaO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃为基体,以石墨为发泡剂,制备硅灰石基泡沫微晶玻璃,研究了玻璃中引入ZnO和增加CaO含量对析晶与发泡的影响.结果表明,ZnO可降低发泡过程中假硅灰石晶相的析出量,促进玻璃粉与发泡剂混合物的烧结,降低发泡剂在较低温度下的损耗.提高CaO含量,样品结晶度增大,相同温度下玻璃的粘度增加,发泡效率降低.原料中ZnO加入量6wt%、CaO含量为18wt%的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃粉,较低温度下烧结充分,发泡剂损耗相对较少,在1000℃的发泡温度下可获得气孔率高的泡沫微晶玻璃.     

ZrO2在云母微晶玻璃中的作用

基于SiO2-MgO-Al2O3三元玻璃系统,通过添加一定量的K2O、B2O3、MgF2、CaO等成分,可得到能析出大量云母晶体、切削性能极佳的云母微晶玻璃;在这种云母微晶玻璃中加入适量的ZrO2,运用XRD、SEM及EDAX手段进行了ZrO2对云母析晶性能及显微组织的影响.结果表明,ZrO2-云母复相微晶玻璃中的ZrO2,不但可以促进分相,而且能细化云母晶粒;在CaO稳定的作用下,能够析出较多的t-ZrO2,为进一步得到高强度高韧性的云母微晶玻璃奠定了组织上的基础.     

核化温度对CaO—Al2O3-SiO2-Fe2O3系微晶玻璃微观结构及性能的影响

本文以钢渣和赤泥为主料,采用熔融法制备了CaO对微晶玻璃物相、微观结构及性能的影响。分析测试结果表明,化温度的升高,主晶相衍射峰先增高后降低,晶相析出量增加,晶玻璃的抗弯强度和耐腐蚀性最好。CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Fe2O3系微晶玻璃,探讨了不同核化温度微晶玻璃的结晶物相不随核化温度的变化而改变。随着核且析出的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。当核化温度为770℃时,微     

烧结法制备煤矸石微晶玻璃及其烧结性能研究

以淮南矿区煤矸石为主要原料,采用烧结法制备了微晶玻璃,并研究了Na_2O含量对基础玻璃熔制温度、微晶玻璃晶化温度、物相组成和微观结构的影响及其对微晶玻璃体积密度、耐酸碱等物化性能的影响。结果表明,以淮南矿区煤矸石为主要原料可以制备出性能优良的微晶玻璃;并且随Na_2O含量从10%增至25%,玻璃熔制和晶化温度分别从1450℃降低到1300℃,950℃降低到700℃;微晶玻璃的主晶相由含铁镁橄榄石相转变为霞石相,最终转变为硅铝酸钠相,且微晶玻璃的结构均匀性不断提高;微晶玻璃的致密性先增加后降低,耐酸碱性良好,但Na_2O含量过多对微晶玻璃耐酸性不利。     

晶化温度对白云鄂博东尾矿微晶玻璃析晶及性能的影响

利用白云鄂博东尾矿和粉煤灰为主要原料,添加少量石英砂、氧化钙等化学原料,制得了高性能的CaO-MgO-Al2 O3-SiO2(CMAS)系尾矿微晶玻璃,研究了微晶玻璃制备过程中的核化及晶化处理条件对其微观结构及性能的影响。首先通过 DTA、XRD、SEM 及 HRTEM 等测试手段对微晶玻璃的析晶过程进行了表征。结果表明,适当的核化处理温度可使微晶玻璃中产生磁铁矿晶核,这些晶核可作为异质表面促进主晶相辉石相的析出。性能测试结果表明微晶玻璃的密度、抗折强度及耐酸度与微晶玻璃晶化温度有关,晶化温度为850℃的微晶玻璃试样结晶程度最高、综合性能最优。更高的晶化温度导致微晶玻璃中空隙及缺陷的产生,反而降低了其物化特性。     

CaO—MgO—Al2O3—SiO2—F系可切削微晶玻璃的晶化机理研究

在CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-F系可切削微晶玻璃体系中，本研究分析了K2O和ZrO2c对玻璃析晶和显微结构的影响，探讨了晶化机理。K^ 促使云母相的生成和球晶的形成，晶化过程中，云母和顽辉石互为外延生长，使球晶中条状晶解离为片状晶。ZrO2与F^-一起促使玻璃晶化后形成棒状云母晶粒，并具有晶粒长径比大、相互交换的显微结构。     

ZrO2对低温烧结 BaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶和晶型转变的影响

用烧结法制备了化学计量比和高Ba含量的两组BaO-Al2O3-SiO2(BAS)系微晶玻璃,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)等手段研究了ZrO2对BAS系微晶玻璃中六方钡长石析晶和六方钡长石向单斜钡长石晶型转变的影响.研究表明,两组BAS系玻璃的烧结温度低于850℃,晶化温度低于900℃.六方钡长石的析出为整体析晶.不加形核剂晶型转变为整体析晶;添加ZrO2晶型转变为表面析晶.提高Ba含量或添加ZrO2促进六方钡长石的析出和晶粒细化.化学计量比的BAS系微晶玻璃中添加ZrO2明显促进晶型转变.高Ba含量的BAS系微晶玻璃中添加ZrO2表现为抑制晶型转变,850℃保温100h不发生转变.     

预处理对云母晶体析出机制的影响

采用高温融熔法制备SiO2-Al2O3-MgO—F系可加工玻璃陶瓷基础玻璃，应用XRD、SEM和EPMA等方法对不同预处理条件下样品晶体种类、显微组织进行分析，研究不同预处理条件下云母晶体的析出机制．结果表明：在相同组成的玻璃体系中，由于预处理条件的不同，导致了云母晶体以不同的析出机制析出，并且在不同的析出机制下，云母晶体的形态有着显著的差异．在快速升温的情况下，针状云母晶体在试样表面直接形核，相互平行的云母晶体几乎垂直于试样表面向中心长大；当试样预先在分相区处理后再加热到析晶温度时，针束状云母晶体以分相时形成的晶体为异质核心，呈相互交错方式长大；而当试样在过渡相析出区处理后再加热到析晶温度时，片状云母晶体呈相互交错状以异质外延长大机制析出。     

CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-F系可切削微晶玻璃的晶化机理研究

在CaO MgO Al2 O3 SiO2 F系可切削微晶玻璃体系中 ,本研究分析了K2 O和ZrO2 对玻璃析晶和显微结构的影响 ,探讨了晶化机理。K+ 促使云母相的生成和球晶的形成 ;晶化过程中 ,云母和顽辉石互为外延生长 ,使球晶中条状晶解离为片状晶。ZrO2 与F- 一起促使玻璃晶化后形成棒状云母晶粒 ,并具有晶粒长径比大、相互交错的显微结构     

含F-锂镁铝硅微晶玻璃的制备及晶化行为的研究

采用熔融烧结法,引入一定量的MgF2,制备出LMASF系微晶玻璃,采用DTA、XRD对该微晶玻璃的析晶温度和物相组成进行了分析,并采用SEM观察了微晶玻璃的断面形貌.讨论了热处理对微晶玻璃析晶的影响,并对其晶化行为和微观形貌进行了研究.实验结果表明,该微晶玻璃首先析出LixAlx Si1-xO2晶体,后随着温度的升高析出β-锂辉石晶体;最佳晶化温度为786℃,在该温度下保温2h,析出棒状β-锂辉石晶体,晶体长度为2～5μm,长径比较大.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.