POE-g-MA对纳米CaCO_3/聚乳酸复合材料热及流变性能影响

以纳米碳酸钙(Nano-CaCO_3)和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MA)为增容剂,利用熔融挤出热拉-骤冷工艺制备了一系列Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料。分别采用SEM、DSC、TG、毛细管流变仪(CR)和万能实验机研究了Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料的界面相容性、热性能、流变性能与力学性能。结果表明:与纯PLA相比,当Nano-CaCO_3含量达到15wt%,Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料团聚现象明显,其结晶度、最大热分解温度与拉伸强度分别下降1.9%、15.5℃与28.2%,弯曲强度和断裂伸长率分别提高37.5%和29.3%,而相应添加4wt%POE-g-MA增容剂的Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料分散形态得到改善,其结晶度和拉伸强度分别下降4.2%和25.2%;最大热分解温度、弯曲强度和断裂伸长率分别提高5.8℃、25.3%和174.4%;同时POE-g-MA增加了Nano-CaCO_3/PLA复合材料的剪切黏度。     

聚乳酸/热塑性玉米淀粉/SiO_2复合材料的流变性能和力学性能

采用双螺杆挤出机,通过熔融共混制备了热塑性玉米淀粉基纳米二氧化硅(SiO_2)母料和聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性玉米淀粉/SiO_2复合物,利用转矩流变仪研究了其流变性能。结果表明,热塑性玉米淀粉基纳米SiO_2母料熔体和PLA/热塑性玉米淀粉/SiO_2复合物熔体的非牛顿指数小于1,属假塑性流体。热塑性玉米淀粉基纳米SiO_2母料熔体黏度随纳米SiO_2用量的增大而提高,SiO_2用量为8phr的母料4#熔体黏度对剪切速率的依赖性最强。PLA/热塑性玉米淀粉/SiO_2复合物熔体黏度决定于热塑性玉米淀粉基纳米SiO_2母料中纳米SiO_2用量,可以通过调整母料用量和母料中SiO_2用量,调整复合物的熔体流动。PLA/热塑性玉米淀粉/SiO_2复合物的缺口冲击强度随纳米SiO_2母料份数的增加而增大。     

木粉含量对木粉-淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

以杨木粉、玉米淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,甘油为相容剂,利用熔融挤出法制备了木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料。研究了木粉含量对复合材料界面相容性、热性能、力学性能、流变性能以及吸水率的影响。结果表明:随着木粉含量的增加,PLA与木粉之间的界面相容性下降,木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料的热稳定性下降,储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度逐渐增加;随着木粉含量的增加,木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当木粉含量为18wt%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均达到最大值,最大值分别为40.65 MPa和60.91 MPa;随木粉含量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率由9.64%减小到5.97%,而吸水率由5.38%增大到13.43%。     

PLA/PBAT/PCL生物降解复合材料的制备及其性能分析

以聚乳酸(PLA)和己二酸-对苯二甲酸-丁二酯共聚物(PBAT)为基材,聚己内酯(PCL)为相容剂,采用熔融共混法制备了PLA/PBAT/PCL复合材料,研究了所得复合材料的热性能、力学性能和流变性能。结果表明,当PCL含量为2%时,复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度达到最大值;随着PBAT含量的增加,复合材料的熔融结晶温度Tc逐渐降低,而其初始热分解温度To先上升后下降;当PBAT的含量为15%时,To最大,其值为334.18℃。当PBAT含量从0增加到20%时,复合材料的冲击强度从3.26kJ/m2增加到7.07kJ/m~2,其断裂伸长率则从2.46%增加到118.22%;另外,随着PBAT含量的增加,复合材料的熔体弹性增加。     

PP/纳米SiO2/氮磷阻燃剂复合材料的研究

目的研究聚丙烯复合材料的燃烧行为和纳米SiO_2含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。方法采用熔融共混方法,将聚丙烯、氮磷复配阻燃剂及表面改性的纳米SiO_2制备成聚丙烯复合材料。结果在燃烧过程中纳米SiO_2对阻燃性能有一定影响,氮磷复配阻燃剂是影响复合材料阻燃性能的关键因素。随着纳米SiO_2含量的增加,复合材料的极限氧指数先增加后降低,当纳米SiO_2质量分数为1%时,复合材料的极限氧指数最大。随着纳米SiO_2含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸、冲击、弯曲强度和弯曲模量呈现先增大后减小的现象。结论氮磷复配阻燃剂与纳米SiO_2对于复合材料有一定的协同阻燃效果。当纳米SiO_2质量分数为1%时,复合材料的阻燃及力学性能最优。     

PLA/PBAT/PLA-g-MAH可生物降解复合材料的形态结构与性能分析

通过熔融共混法制备马来酸酐接枝聚乳酸(PLA-g-MAH)用于改善聚乳酸/聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯共混物(PLA/PBAT)的相容性,并对复合材料的形态结构、力学性能和生物降解性能进行研究。SEM结果显示,添加增容剂PLA-g-MAH后,PLA/PBAT共混物两相间的界面明显变得模糊,说明PLA-g-MAH对共混物有一定的增容作用;增容剂PLA-g-MAH的加入,使复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度相比于纯PLA略有下降,但其冲击强度有一定程度的提高,断裂伸长率有显著提高,比纯PLA的断裂伸长率提高了约17倍,表现出良好的力学性能;另外,PLA-g-MAH的加入提高了共混物的生物降解性能。     

纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的制备方法与性能关系

采用超声分散、机械剪切搅拌和纳米SiO_2粒子表面处理等多种分散工艺,制备了纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料。采用SEM、电子拉力机、粘弹谱仪和脉冲声管测试系统分别研究了纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的微观结构、拉伸性能、动态力学性能和水声性能。结果表明,超声波分散法以及预处理法能够将纳米SiO_2粒子均匀分散在环氧树脂基体中,并且SiO_2粒子呈纳米尺度分布在环氧基体中。相对纯环氧树脂材料,纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度提高了5%—30%,伸长率提高了2%—14%;储能模量随纳米SiO_2粒子的加入与均匀分散而提高,损耗因子则略有下降;吸声系数相对纯环氧树脂材料提高了6—10倍;而且纳米SiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料的常规力学性能、动态力学性能以及水声性能受纳米粒子的分散效果影响明显,分散越均匀,变化越大。     

改性纳米SiO2填充PLA/PBAT复合体系的 结晶动力学研究

利用Avrami方程,研究PLA及PLA/PBAT/SiO_2复合材料的等温结晶动力学,研究结果表明:PLA及其共混物的Avrami指数n值分别为2.06~2.29和1.91~3.05;样品的结晶常数K(T)、半结晶时间t_(1/2)和结晶速率τ_(1/2)均随结晶温度的升高先增大后减小;在相同的结晶温度条件下,PLA/PBAT/SiO_2样品的K(T)和t_(1/2)均高于纯PLA的。采用改进的Avrami方程,分析PLA及PLA/PBAT/SiO_2复合材料样品的非等温结晶过程。研究结果表明:PLA及其共混物的Avrami指数n_1数值范围为1.31~4.88,表明晶体生长模式均为二维生长和三维生长并存;所有样品的n_1均随着升温速率的增大而增大,且n_1均小于n2,Z_(c1)和Z_(c2)也随升温速率的增大而增大。基于Mo方程分析结果与基于改进的Avrami方程分析结果一致,进一步证实了纳米SiO_2的引入提高了PLA的结晶速率;且PLA/PBAT/SiO_2样品的结晶活化能ΔE均大于纯PLA的,说明PBAT及SiO_2的引入阻碍了PLA主链的链段向晶体生长表面的迁移过程。     

PEN短纤维增强PTT复合材料的流变性能及力学性能

研究了聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)/聚对萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)短纤维复合材料的流变行为和力学性能,讨论了复合材料的组成、剪切应力和剪切速率及温度对熔体流变行为、熔体黏度的影响,以及不同配比复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,PTT/PEN短纤维复合材料熔体为假塑性流体,熔体表观黏度随着温度升高而下降,且熔体黏度随着PEN短纤维含量增加而不断上升。随PEN短纤维加入量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂强度、弹性模量均明显提高,无缺口冲击强度略有提高,说明PEN短纤维的加入对PTT起到了明显的增强作用而不降低材料的韧性。     

改性纳米HA对PLA-PBAT共混体系结晶与流变性能的影响

采用熔融共混挤出法制备改性纳米羟基磷灰石（HA）/聚乳酸（PLA）-聚己二酸丁二酯-对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）复合降解材料,利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、流变仪、电子拉伸机、扫描电镜（SEM）等,对其结晶、流变行为、力学性能、冲击性能、表面结构等进行了研究。DSC结果表明：随着改性纳米HA添加量的增多,HA/PLA-PBAT共混体系的玻璃化转变温度先升高后下降;冷结晶温度逐渐下降,降低了13℃,结晶能力有所提高;结晶度由24.33%增加到33.47%。流变行为显示共混体系黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小,属非牛顿流体。此外,随着改性纳米HA的增多,HA/PLA-PBAT共混体系储存模量和损耗模量逐渐减小;屈服强度、缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度先增大后减小,当共混体系中改性纳米HA添加量为2%（80/20/2）时,达到最大值。SEM观察发现,少量改性纳米HA可以均匀分散在PLA-PBAT基体中并能显著提高其韧性。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.     

Core-current-enhanced domain-wall pinning in nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon

We have studied the influence of surface fields H/sub p/ (generated by either direct or alternating core current) on soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon. While in an amorphous ribbon the coercive field H/sub c/ decreases with H/sub p/, in the same optimally annealed ribbon (H/sub c/=1.3 A/m, M/sub m//spl ap/M/sub s/) H/sub c/ increases with H/sub p/ for all the explored types of H/sub p/ (static and dynamic with different phases with respect to that of the magnetizing field H). The unexpected increase of H/sub c/ in nanocrystalline ribbon is associated with the influence of H/sub p/ on the surface and main (inner) domain structure. Here, we develop a model that takes into account this influence and explains the experimental results.